Lantana salzmannii Schauer (1847: 602)

Cardoso, Pedro Henrique, Valério, Vanessa Imaculada Dos Reis, Neto, Luiz Menini & Salimena, Fátima Regina Gonçalves, 2021, Verbenaceae in Espírito Santo, Brazil: richness, patterns of geographic distribution and conservation, Phytotaxa 484 (1), pp. 1-43 : 18

6.7. Lantana salzmannii Schauer (1847: 602) . (Figs. 2B, 6D)

Subshrubs 0.5‒1 m high, branches tetragonal, without prickles, strigose. Leaves opposite, petiole 2‒4.5 mm long; blade 1.9‒2.6 × 0.8‒1.2 cm, coriaceous, elliptical, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate, margin entire up to the middle third, crenate toward the apex, ciliate, adaxial surface shiny, sparsely strigose, smooth to slightly bullate, abaxial surface sparsely strigose along the veins, densely covered by glandular sessile trichomes. Inflorescences 1.2‒1.5 cm long, rachis not elongated in fructification, 1 per axil, peduncle 1.8‒3 cm long, strigose; bracts unequal, external 6‒9 mm long, wide-ovate, internal 4.5‒6 mm long, elliptical-oblong, abaxial surface strigose, glandular sessile trichomes present, margin ciliate; calyx ca. 1 mm long, 2-lobed, externally pubescent, not accrescent in fruit; corolla 6‒7 mm long, lilac, throat yellow. Fruit ca. 2 mm long, vinaceous, external surface smooth.

Distribution and habitat:— Lantana salzmannii is endemic to the dunes and restingas of Sergipe, Bahia, and Espírito Santo ( Silva 1999, Cabral et al. 2017, Silva et al. 2020). In Espírito Santo it is found in the municipality of Conceição da Barra and was not collected inside any SPA.

Phenology:— Collected with flowers in March and August.

Preliminary conservation assessment: — Lantana salzmannii is found in small populations exclusively in dunes and restingas ( Silva 1999, Silva et al. 2020). It presents an EOO of 69,067 km 2 and AOO of 124 km 2. The species is threatened due to loss of habitat quality once the restingas were very degraded by anthropogenic activities ( Pereira 2007, Thomazi et al. 2013). According to IUCN (2019) it would be classified as “Endangered” (EN). However, some populations grow inside PAs, and thus we adopted a more conservative point of view and considered the species “Vulnerable” (VU) B2ab(ii,iii) ( IUCN 2019).

Selected material:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra , 24 March 1999, fl., O . J . Pereira et al. 3017 ( CESJ, VIES); Conceição da Barra , 13 August 1991, fl., P . C . Vinha 1230 ( CESJ, VIES) .

Additional material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Entre Rios, Subaúma, 28 January 2011, fl., F. S . Gomes et al. 910 ( CESJ, VIES); Lauro de Freitas , 9 August 1988, fl. and fr., R . Soeiro s.n. ( RB 314998); Salvador, Dunas de Itapoá, 2 December 1984, fl. and fr., M. L . Guedes & G . Bromley 927 ( K) .

Notes:— Lantana salzmannii is characterized by the elliptical leaves, coriaceous, cuneate base, profoundly crenate margin, shiny adaxial surface, sparsely strigose, and abaxial surface densely covered by glandular sessile trichomes. It is similar to Lantana lucida Schauer (1847: 602) , an endemic species to the dunes and restingas of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia, but can be differentiated by the smaller leaves (1.9‒2.6 × 0.8‒1.2 cm); unequal bracts and lilac corolla with yellow throat (vs. larger leaves (4.5‒10.5 × 3‒4.6 cm); equal bracts, and white corolla in L. lucida ).

Illustrations in Silva & Lima (2012).