Roelofa maricia Schaus, 1928

St Laurent, Ryan A., Herbin, Daniel & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2020, Revision of Roelofa Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonidae, Roelofinae) with a description of a new species, Zootaxa 4877 (3), pp. 505-538 : 527-529

Roelofa maricia Schaus, 1928

( Figs 28–30 , 33, 35 , 38, 39 , 41 )

Roelofa maricia Schaus, 1928: 640 , fig. 87c

Roelofa maricia ; Gaede 1931

Roelofa maricia ; Becker 1996

Roelofa maricia ; St Laurent and Kawahara 2019

Type material: HOLOTYPE ♂. BRAZIL: [Holo]Typus/ Petropol[is]. 600 m, Brasilien, Rocha Miranda , 2, Sept. 1928 / Roelofa maricia type Schaus/ ( ZSM, examined) .

Additional material examined: (45 ♂, 19 ♀ total) BRAZIL: Goiás: 1 ♂, Leopoldo de Bulhões: XII.1933, R Spitz leg., Brit. Mus. 1962-112, NHMUK010890543, genitalia prep. NHMUK010402326 (NHMUK). Espírito Santo: 7 ♂, 1 ♀, Santa Leopoldina, Santa Leopoldina, Dorf Tirol, 700 m, 40°50’W, 24°75’S: 22–31.X.1996 (1

♀), V.1997 (2 ♂), 15.V.1997(2 ♂), 10–25.XI.1996 (2 ♂), IV.1998, Hubert Thöny leg. (MWM). 3 ♂, Santa Leop- oldina, Santa Leopoldina, Dorf Tirol, 700 m, 40°33’W, 20°10’S: XII.1999, XI.2000, Hubert Thöny leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, Dorf Tirol, 600 m: XI.2003, Martini leg., ex. coll. K. Martini (MWM) . 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Santa Leopoldina, Biriricas, ca. 700 m: 20.III–20.IV.1997 (2 ♂), I.1998 (2 ♂, 1 ♀), H. Thöny leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, Santa Leopoldina, Boquerão, 800 m: I.1998, Hubert Thöny leg. (MWM). 1 ♂, No further data (USNM). Minas Gerais: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Poté, 500 m: 25.I.1997, ♀ genitalia prep. 35.540 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 20.VI.1997 (1 ♂), H. Thöny leg. (MWM). Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♂, Teresópolis: 13–22.III.1958, HBD Kettlewell, BM 1958-273, NHMUK010890545 (NHMUK). 2 ♂, Barreira, Teresópolis, 400 m: 19–26.X.1957, Pearson H&G, [No.] HRP 1870, Brit. Mus. 1962-112, NHMUK010890544 (NHMUK); 10–12.X.1958, Pearson H. & G., HRP 2103, USNM-Mimal:2428 (USNM). 1 ♂, Barreira, Teresópolis, 350 m: 30.X–3.XI.1956, Pearson H&G, No. HRP 1039, Brit. Mus. 1962-112, NHMUK010890542, genitalia prep. NHMUK010402325 (NHMUK). 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Teresópolis, Barreira: 23.VI.1955 (1 ♀), 13.X.1955 (1 ♂), 14.X.1955 (1 ♂), 15.X.1955 (1 ♂), ex. col. Gagarin, DZ 25.460, DZ 25.464, DZ 25.467, DZ 25.468 (DZUP). 1 ♂, Teresópo- lis, Barreira, 400 m: 22.II.1955, ex. col. Gagarin, DZ 25.466 (DZUP). 3 ♀, Teresópolis, 1000 m: 15.I.1985, V.O. Becker col., Col. Becker 54749, USNM-Mimal: 2101, VOB specimen with genitalia prep. 2795, USNM-Mimal: 2101 with St Laurent dissection 3-5-20:2 (2 ♀, USNM; 1 ♀ VOB). 1 ♂, Independência, Petrópolis: X.1932, L. T., 16.494 (CEIOC). 1 ♂, Independência, Petrópolis: III.1934, Vasconcellos (CEIOC). 1 ♂, Independência, Petrópolis, 900 m: 1.X.1939, Gagarin leg., ex. col. Gagarin, DZ 25.463 (DZUP). 1 ♂, Petrópolis, Serra: XI.1933, Trav[assos] col., 16.495 (CEIOC). 10 ♂, 1 ♀, Petrópolis: 30.X.1930 (1 ♂), 30.IV.1957 (3 ♂), 23.XI.1957 (5 ♂, 1 ♀), 30.IX.1957 (1 ♂), D’Almeida col., 19.003, 19.004, 19.005, 19.006, 19.007, 19.008, 19.009, 19.011, 19.012, DZ 19.013, DZ 25.442, DZ 25.443, DZ 25.444, DZ 25.445, DZ 25.446, DZ 25.447, DZ 25.449, DZ 25.450, DZ 25.457, Topotipo, D’Almeida col./D’Alm. Nysio and Octavio col. (DZUP). 2 ♂, 8 ♀, Petrópolis: 8.XII.1928 (1 ♀), 23.II.1960 (1 ♀), 13.X.1960 (1 ♀), 14.X.1960 (1 ♀), 21.X.1960 (1 ♂), 4.XI.1961 (1 ♀), 20.XI.1963 (1 ♀), 27.VII.1963 (1 ♂), 16.XI.1963 (1 ♀), 22.XI.1963 (1 ♀), Gagarin leg., ex. col. Gagarin, DZ 25.452, DZ 25.453, DZ 25.454, DZ 25.455, DZ 25.456, DZ 25.458, DZ 25.459, DZ 25.461, DZ 25.462, DZ 25.465 (DZUP). 1 ♀, Petrópolis, Parque São Vicen- te, 920 m: 10.V.1962, Gagarin leg., ex. col. Gagarin, DZ 25.451 (DZUP). 2 ♀, Nova Friburgo, 600 m: 10.III.1993, V.O. Becker col., Col. Becker 86068, USNM-Mimal: 2102 (1 ♀, USNM; 1 ♀ VOB). 1 ♂, Guapi-mirim, Caneca Fina, Rio Sucavao, Mun. Mage, 160 m: 20–22.VI.1960, USNM-Mimal: 2413 (USNM).

Diagnosis. Like the preceding species, R. maricia is one of the larger Roelofa species, with R. olivia and R. maricia being similar in size and larger than others in the genus. Roelofa maricia is externally most similar to the Andean R. olivia , but has narrower wings, hyaline discal markings, and a longer apical streak that is more than half the length of the postmedial line. The two species are not sympatric. The male genitalia of R. maricia are also most similar to those of R. olivia , but the primary differences are narrower gnathos arms and toothed inner mesal projections at the base of the valvae, the gnathos is thicker in R. olivia and these valvae projections are not spined and are more fingerlike overall. Female genitalia are similar between these two species as well, but R. maricia has a wider sclerotized ventral region of segment VIII, with long posteriorly directed setae at the posterior margin of VIII. The dorsal VIII tergite is posteriorly projected mesally in R. maricia , not so in R. olivia .

Description. Male. Head: Coloration dark brown, structure as for genus; antenna coloration as for genus, antennal structure as in R. olivia . Thorax: Coloration light brown with pink undertone. Legs: Coloration as for thorax albeit less pink, vestiture thick, long. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 17.5–22.5 mm, avg.: 20.4, n = 6, wingspan: 40.5–45.0 mm. Triangular, outer margin smooth and concave below apex, becoming more convex mesally; apex somewhat pointed. Antemedial and medial ground orange brown, with thinner and lighter pink scaling layered above the orange brown, pink coloration more restricted to anal margin and costa; postmedially very light pink becoming darker submarginally, pink coloration most obvious in fresh specimens. Costa covered in pinkish brown scales. Antemedial line essentially absent, dark postmedial line black, preapical, angled toward costa at Rs 3, postmedial line connects to black streak of shading spanning from costa to Rs 3, reaching apex, light pink-white scaling narrowly follows lower margin of apical streak. Circular discal mark hyaline, narrowly edged with dark brown scales matching postmedial line in color, mark with accessory brown mark above giving discal mark an inverted comma-like shape. Forewing ventrum: Essentially identical to forewing dorsum, outer coloration of discal spot less well-defined. Hindwing dorsum: Following similar patterning to forewing dorsum, but postmedial line not always as straight, discal spot absent. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum, but postmedial line more diffuse than on hindwing dorsum. Abdomen: Robust, sphingiform, extending beyond anal hindwing margin, coloration as for thorax. Vestiture thick, long, distal tip of abdomen with pair of elongated, dark-brown tipped scale tufts. Genitalia: ( Figs 38, 39 ) n = 2. Vinculum ovoid. Uncus simple, triangular, apically weakly narrowed. Gnathos robust, proximally rounded, with broad, dual mesal extensions that are fused together basally, mesal extensions fingerlike, narrow, uniform in width along entirety, length of distal arms longer than that of proximal portion of gnathos. Valvae narrow, rounded apically, mostly simple except for inner mesal base, which is extended and modified as upturned distally spined lobe-like protrusion which curves back over valvae, dorsal portion of these protrusions covered in setae, protrusions more heavily sclerotized than valvae; base of valvae notched on inner margin. Juxta partially fused to ventrum of phallus, dorsally juxta with pair of small (about one quarter length of phallus) membranous processes attached to diaphragm. Phallus simple, pistol-shaped with curving coecum angled obtusely below phallus, phallus distally smooth, without spines. Vesica bag-like. Female. Head: As for male but antenna finely serrate, appearing almost entirely filiform. Thorax: As for male. Legs: As for male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 27.0–28.5 mm, avg.: 27.8 mm, n = 5, wingspan: 51.5–54.0 mm. As for male, but broader overall with wider submarginal area, concavity below apex small but pronounced. Forewing ventrum: Similar to forewing dorsum. Hindwing dorsum: Following similar patterning to forewing dorsum, but discal spot absent. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Abdomen: As for male but more robust overall, distal tip of abdomen lacking paired elongated scale tufts, but distal tip of abdomen with singular darker scaled tuft. Genitalia: ( Fig. 41 ) n = 3. General structure similar to R. olivia , but less thickly sclerotized, dorsally segment VIII with straight posterior margin, triangular component of VIII folded inward so that apex directed anteriorly (triangular fold may become extended outward in slide mount), posteriorly margined with thick, elongate setae. Apophyses anteriores vestigial, almost nonexistent, apophyses posteriores very thickly sclerotized, robust, somewhat irregular in width along length. Ductus bursae thick, tubular, corpus bursae bag-like, ovoid. Papillae anales large, well-sclerotized, with setae shorter than overall length of papillae anales.

Distribution. ( Fig. 43 ) Few, geographically widely separated records exist for R. maricia , but all are from southeastern Brazil. Almost all records are from Rio de Janeiro state and nearby Espírito Santo. It appears that this species is restricted to mountainous regions of Mata Atlântica, but one record exists from Goiás in the Cerrado. The presence of this species has not been verified in this biome. However, the handful of specimens from Poté, Minas Gerais does suggest that this species may be more widespread inland.

Remarks. Relative to other Mata Atlântica-inhabiting Mimallonidae , this species is rarely collected, especially since the 1950s and 60s (St Laurent pers. obs. based on museum holdings). It is not clear why this species has not been collected in other regions that have been more heavily sampled, especially São Paulo state or farther south in Paraná and Santa Catarina. A similar distribution pattern has been observed for Menevia plagiata ( Walker, 1855) ( St Laurent and Dombroskie 2016) . The first author examined the genitalia of the single Cerrado specimen (genitalia vial NHMUK010402326) in the NHMUK and noted no differences between it and a dissection from Rio de Janeiro (genitalia vial NHMUK010402325).

Roelofa maricia was originally described from the male only, thus the female and the genitalia of both sexes are figured here for the first time. Schaus (1928) mentioned that the type was in Berlin, though we located it in the ZSM in Munich. We consider this the holotype by monotypy since Schaus explicitly mentioned the “type”.

This species was not included in St Laurent et al. (2020) but is considered a close relative of R. olivia given the morphological similarity of the two species.

Figures

FIGURE 43. Map of collecting localities for Roelofa olivia and R. maricia examined in this work.

FIGURES 28–30. Roelofa maricia male specimens, a = dorsal, b = ventral. 28. Holotype, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, 600 m (ZSM). 29. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Leopoldina, Biriricas, 700 m, photo via H. Sulak (MWM). 30. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barreira, Teresópolis, 350 m, photo courtesy A. Giusti (NHMUK). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 31–35. Roelofa female specimens, a = dorsal, b = ventral. 31. R. olivia, Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, 34 km Road Plan de Milagro-Gualaceo, 2157 m, photo courtesy N. Ignatev (MWM). 32. R. olivia, Colombia, Guaxa, near Bogotá, photo courtesy A. Giusti [originally published in St Laurent and Kawahara 2019, Zookeys, reused with permission] (NHMUK). 33. R. maricia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Poté, 500 m, photo courtesy N. Ignatev (MWM). 34. R. olivia, Colombia, Valle del Cauca, 30 km E from Buenaventura [elevation possibly incorrect] (MWM). 35. R. maricia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barreira, Teresópolis (DZUP). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 36–39. Roelofa male genitalia, a = ventral, b = lateral, c = phallus. 36. R. olivia, Colombia, Santander, road Duitama- Charala, 2925 m, St Laurent dissection: 12-4-18:2 (MGCL). 37. R. olivia, Ecuador, Pichincha, Tandayapa, Bellavista Lodge, 2300 m, St Laurent dissection: 8-17-17:2 (MGCL). 38. R. maricia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Barreira, Teresópolis, 350 m, genitalia prep. NHMUK010402325 [dorsal juxtal projections not attached to phallus] (NHMUK). 39. R. maricia, Brazil, Goiás, Leopoldo de Bulhões, genitalia prep. NHMUK010402326 (NHMUK). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 40–42. Roelofa female genitalia, ventral view.40.R. olivia, Colombia, Cundinamarca, Guaxa, Bogotá, genitalia prep. NHMUK010402328 [originally published in St Laurent and Kawahara 2019, Zookeys, reused with permission] (NHMUK). 41. R. maricia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, 600 m, St Laurent dissection: 3-5-20:2 [corpus bursae damaged and not figured] (USNM). 42. R. hegewischi, México, Querétaro, Jalpan de Serra, St Laurent dissection: 3-5-20:1 (CRAS). Scale bar = 1 mm.