Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/g2011n4a7 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608721 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F88A03-B63E-3C01-0DE3-FE87FB1C5E55 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 |
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Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 ( Fig. 5 View FIG A-R)
LOCALITY. — Quarry 3, Ivand district, north of Tabriz ( Iran).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Postcranials, including proximal part of ulna ( HMNH-IV 135; Fig. 5 View FIG A-C, Table 2 View TABLE ); proximal part of radius ( HMNH-IV 115; Fig. 5 View FIG P-R, Table 2 View TABLE ); proximal part of tibia (HMNH- IV119; Fig. 5 View FIG D-F, Table 2 View TABLE ); calcaneus ( HMNH-IV 118; Fig. 5 View FIG G-I, Table 2 View TABLE ); unciform ( HMNH-IV 117; Fig. 5 View FIG J- L, Table 2 View TABLE ) and one metapodial ( HMNH-IV 114; Fig. 5 View FIG M-O, Table 2 View TABLE ).
DESCRIPTION
The proximal part of an ulna is preserved ( Fig. 5 View FIG A-C). The tuber olecrani is partly damaged, but shows a slight extension in the medial part. The processus coronoideus medialis and lateralis are round and of approximately the same size. The processus anconaeus is slightly higher than the tuber olecrani. The cross section of the shaft is triangular. The proximal part of a single radius is present ( Fig. 5 View FIG P-R). The shape of the caput radii is sub-triangular. The articular circumference is damaged.
The tibia includes only one proximal part ( Fig.5 View FIG D- F). In the proximal view, only the condylus lateralis and medialis are visible.
Calcaneus is an almost complete specimen with minor damage ( Fig. 5 View FIG G-I). The tuber calcanei is higher than it is wide. Proximally, there are three facets, two of which are partly preserved. The lateral facet is not preserved. The two astragalus facets are separated by sulcus calcanei. The larger astragalus facet is rounded and the smaller one is on the sustentaculum tali and is partly broken. On the dorsal of the sustentaculum tali, parts of a navicular facet are preserved.
The unciform is nearly complete and has a triangular outline ( Fig. 5 View FIG J-L). The proximal facet is triangular and concave. The distal side has one triangular concave facet and another elongated facet. The third facet is destroyed.
COMPARISON
The morphologies of postcranial skeletons in deinotheriids bear notable similarities (Huttunen 2002). From the postcranial elements described here, the proximal condyle of the ulna from Ivand is very well preserved and allows us to compare it to other deinotheriid specimens from other localities. Figure 6B View FIG shows the bivariate plots of the proximal width of the ulna against the width at process olecrani in IV135 and specimens from Maragheh (MN12, NW Iran), Saloniki and Pikermi (MN12, Greece), and Unterzolling ( Germany). The plot illustrates that the Ivand material, though slightly smaller in proportion, is close to both Deinotherium giganteum from Pikermi and an undetermined specimen from Maragheh. The ulna of the Ivand specimen is obviously larger than the ulna of Choerolophodon pentelici (Gaudry & Lartet, 1856) from Saloniki, Greece and of Prodeinotherium bavaricum (Meyer, 1831) from Unterzolling ( Huttunen & Göhlich 2002). Therefore, based on this comparison, and since Deinotherium giganteum is the largest of the Late Miocene mammals inNW Iran, previously recorded from Maragheh, we assign the very large postcrani - als from the Ivand locality to this species.
Order ARTIODACTYLA Owen, 1848
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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