Anisophyllea, R. Brown ex Sabine, 1824

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Key to the species of Anisophyllea

1. Tree or shrubs above 1 m tall .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

- Small rhizomatous shrubs, usually under 0.8 m tall ...................................................................................................................... 61

2. Main veins parallel .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

- Main veins pinnate like ................................................................................................................................................................. 54

3. Main veins, at least midrib, depressed or flat adaxially .................................................................................................................. 4

- Main veins elevated on both surfaces ............................................................................................................................................ 40

4. Leaves sparsely hirsute abaxially with hairs more than 1 mm long ................................................................................................ 5

- Leaves glabrous or hairy with hairs less than 1 mm long, or glandular hairs ................................................................................. 6

5. Small leaves deltoid; large leaves strongly oblique at base with different outlines on two sides (auriculate at one side and rounded at another side) .................................................................................................................................................................. A. obanica

- Small leaves narrowly lanceolate; large leaves broadly cuneate or rounded at base (with two side not extremely different in outline) ................................................................................................................................................................................... A. cuneata

6. Large leaves cordate at base ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

- Large leaves acute or rounded at base ........................................................................................................................................... 10

7. Small leaves persistent, deeply cordate at base; large leaves to 30 cm long and 16 cm wide; young branches with appressed short hairs .................................................................................................................................................................................. A. cordata

- Small leaves caducous, obtuse or rounded (or rarely slightly cordate) at base; large leaves less than 16 cm long and 8 cm wide; young branches with long appressed sericeous or hirsute hairs ....................................................................................................... 8

8. Ratio of length to width of styles ca. 3; young branches sericeous with appressed or ascending hairs to 0.8 mm long; leaves neither glandular nor granulate ..................................................................................................................................... A. mayumbensis

- Ratio of length to width of styles usually at least 5; young branches hirsute with patent or ascending hairs more than 1 mm long; leaves glandulate or granulate ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

9. Leaves densely with yellow-brown or transparent glands; fruit surface with beef-red oily glands; young branches hirsute with hairs to 2.1 mm long; styles with shorter hairs (ca. 0.06 mm long) .................................................................. A. neopurpurascens

- Leaves with yellow-brown granules (not glands); fruit surface without beef-red oily glands; young branches hirsute with hairs less than 1.3 mm long; styles with longer hairs (to 0.16 mm long) ......................................................................... A. purpurascens

10. Large leaves blade falcate-lanceolate or falcate-rhomboid, most often in rhomboid outline, strongly asymmetrcal at base............. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

- Large leaves blade lanceolate or oblong, almost symmetrcal or slightly asymmetrcal at base .................................................... 13

11. Sepals eglandular; small leaves falling early; large leaves to 15.5 cm long and 6.0 cm wide ................................... A. scortechinii

- Sepals with transparent protuberant glands or rarely so; small leaves persistent; large leaves less than 10 cm long and 3.6 cm wide 12

12. Large leaves less than 3.8 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; fruit often singly on each fruiting inflorescence .......................... A. disticha

- Large leaves at least 5 cm long and 2 cm wide; fruit often more than one on each fruiting inflorescence ................ A. rhomboidea

13. Young branches glabrous or with hairs less than 0.25 mm long; petals absent or shorter than sepals, apex entire or emarginated (rarely laciniate as in A. cinnamomoides ; flowers unknown in A. globosa and A. impressinervia , incompletely known in A. dinghoui ) ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14

MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE

Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 11

- Young branches with hairs more than 0.5 mm long; petals always present, as long as or longer than sepals, laciniate from middle length or lower ................................................................................................................................................................................ 23

14. Leaves glandular ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15

- Leaves eglandular .......................................................................................................................................................................... 18

15. Leaves less than 7 cm long, sparsely glandular with glands 0.25–2.40 mm distant ..................................................................... 16

- Leaves often more than 7 cm long, densely glandular with glands 0.06–0.60 mm distant ............................................................ 17

16. Young branches and bud glabrous or nearly so; main lateral veins all depressed adaxially; leaves most often rounded at base and blunt at apex ............................................................................................................................................................. A. impressinervia

- Young branches and bud pannose (hairs to 0.2 mm long); main lateral veins not obviously depressed or flat adaxially; leaves mostly acute at base and acute or acuminate at apex ......................................................................................................... A. globosa

17. Leaves to 17 cm long, with main longitudinal veins flat or slightly depressed adaxially; flower unevenly fascicled on rachis, shortly pubescent outside receptacle ................................................................................................................................ A. dinghoui

- Leaves less than 11 cm long, with main longitudinal veins distinctly depressed adaxially; flower solitary on rachis, sparsely glandular and pubescent outside receptacle ....................................................................................................................... A. borneensis

18. Flowers solitary on rachis ............................................................................................................................................................... 19

- Flowers fascicled on main rachis or on short lateral inflorescent branches .................................................................................. 20

19. Inflorescence to 5 cm; petals entire or slightly emarginate at apex; leaves most often acuminate at apex without obvious caudate tip ................................................................................................................................................................................... A. chartacea

- Inflorescence 1–2 cm long; petals 5–7-laciniate from middle or lower; leaves most often caudate at apex with obvious tip to 2 cm long ....................................................................................................................................................................... A. cinnamomoides

20. Leaves thickly coriaceous, lustrous and yellowish on upper surface when dry, with midrib depressed while main longitudinal lateral veins prominent adaxially ....................................................................................................................................... A. reticulata

- Leaves thinly coriaceous or coriaceous, dull and brown or greenish brown on upper surface when dry, with both midrib and main longitudinal lateral veins depressed or flat adaxially .................................................................................................................... 21

21. Flowers all sessile; young branches and buds tomentose with rusty hairs ................................................................... A. ferruginea

- Female (or bisexual) flowers sessile while male flowers pedicelled; young branches glabrous or pannose with yellowish hairs ... 22

22. Young branches and buds glabrous; leaves to 9 cm long and 6 cm wide, with petioles to 6 mm long; petals absent ....................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................. A. apetala

- Young branches and buds pannose; leaves most often more than 24 cm long and 6 cm wide, with petioles more than 6 mm long; petals present ..................................................................................................................................................................... A. grandis

23. Leaves glandular ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24

- Leaves eglandular .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25

24. Young branches concurrently pubescent and hirsute; buds densely pubescent; leaves most often acute or acuminate at apex without obvious elongated tips ................................................................................................................................. A. madagascarensis

- Young branches hirsute only; buds glabrous; leaves most often caudate at apex with elongated tips .................. A. myriostictoides

25. Laciniae of petals with swollen ends at apex ................................................................................................................................ 26

- Laciniae of petals without swollen ends at apex (as thick as elsewhere) ...................................................................................... 31

26. Leaves rounded or slightly cordate at base; veinlets depressed adaxially ................................................................... A. parafallax

- Leaves broadly acute, obtuse, or rarely rounded at base; veinlets elevated on both surfaces ....................................................... 27

27. Transverse veins numerous, almost perpendicular to midrib; leaves much variable in size, to 25 cm long and 9.5 cm wide; young branches and buds sericeous .......................................................................................................................................... A. polyneura

- Transverse veins moderate in number, forming acute angles of 40–60° with midrib; leaves most often relatively smaller, less than 13 cm long and 6 cm wide; young branches and buds hirsute, pannose, pilose or pubescent ...................................................... 28

28. Young branches at least concurringly hirsute with patent or ascending hairs to or more than 1.3 mm long ................................ 29

- Young branches concurringly pilose or pubescent with hairs less than 0.6 mm long..................................................................... 30

29. Fruits ovate with 8 longitudinal ribs; young branches pannose (with short hairs persistent) and concurringly hirsute; buds densely pannose; leaves less than 3.5 cm wide with petioles 2–3 mm long ............................................................... A. nosy-mangabeensis

- Fruits subglobose without longitudinal ribs; young branches hirsute and manicate (with interwoven short hairs easy to be removed); buds hirsute; leaves to 6 cm wide with petioles 4–6 mm long ...................................................................... A. meniaudi

30. Young branches concurringly pannose and pilose, with hairs to 0.6 mm long; bud pannose; fruits ovoid ......................... A. fallax

- Young branches pubescent with hairs to 0.3 mm long; bud pubescent; fruits obovoid ............................................. A. masoalaica

31. Petals 5-laciniate with laciniae straight and or slightly tortuous, shorter than 3.5 mm .................................................................. 32

- Petals 3-laciniate with laciniae obviously tortuous, longer than 5 mm ......................................................................................... 39

32. Flowers glandular or granular abaxially ........................................................................................................................................ 33

- Flowers with neither glands nor granules on abaxial surface ....................................................................................................... 34

33. Flowers bisexual; receptacles with beef-red glands and farinas outside; petals to 1.6 mm long; young branches concurringly pannose and pilose with hairs to 0.8 mm long .................................................................................................................... A. biokoensis

- Flowers polygamous or unisexual; receptacles with only red-brown granules outside; petals 2.5–3.0 mm long; young branches hirsute with hairs to 1.3 mm ........................................................................................................................................ A. myriosticta

34. Large leaves less than 6 cm long, 3 cm wide; young branches pubescent or sericeous with very short hairs; petals 5 laciniate with outer two lobes wider proximally ....................................................................................................................................... A. sororia

- Large leaves more than 9 cm long, 3 cm wide, or if large leaves smaller, petals much deeply laciniate from nearly the base; young branches pannose, pilose, or sericeous but often concurring with mixture of longer hairs; petals irregularly 5 laciniate ............ 35

12 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

CHEN ET AL.

35. Large leaves base obtuse or rounded; young branches with hairs to or more than 1.5 mm long .................................................. 36

- Large leaves base most often acute; young branches with hairs to 0.5mm long ........................................................................... 37

36. Leaves often 8 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, commonly much larger; one innermost lateral vein coming from the midrib more than 4.5 cm above blade base; rachis of inflorescence to 15 cm long ............................................................................................... A. cabole

- Leaves less than 8.5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, often smaller; inner lateral veins coming from blade base or less than 1 cm above blade base from midrib; rachis of inflorescence 3–6 cm long ....................................................................................... A. obtusifolia

37. Petals laciniate deep down from middle or rarely from base, petals 2 mm long; rachis of inflorescence to 4 cm long; young branches pilose; leaves less than to 7 cm long, 3 cm wide ........................................................................................... A. fissipetala

- Petals laciniate at or above middle; rachis of inflorescence longer than 4 cm; young branches pannose; leaves mostly often larger 38

38. Transverse veins at angle of 60–80° with midrib; young branches pannose and concurrently pilose with hairs to 0.8 mm long. A. laurina

- Transverse veins at angles of 50–65° with midrib; young branches pannose only with hairs 0.12–0.5 mm long ............................. .................................................................................................................................................................................... A. strychnoides

39. Inflorescence usually a solitary spike, rachis with distinctive hairs line between bracts and their supra-axillary flowers; young branches glabrous or slightly pubescent ....................................................................................................................... A. guianensis

- Inflorescence usually in serial of spikes or a panicle-like, rachis densely pubescent throughout; young branches pannose ............ ................................................................................................................................................................................... A. manausensis

40. Young branches and buds glabrous, sparsely pubescent or pannose; flowers fascicled on rachis, or flower solitary on very short inflorescence rachis (to 2 cm long) or short branches of inflorescences ....................................................................................... 41

- Young branches and buds tomentose with matted or non-matted tortuous hairs; flower most often solitary on rachis ............... 50

41. Leaves glandular at least on petioles; flowers solitary on very short inflorescence rachis, or fascicled on rachis more than 5 cm long (flower unknown for A. rubroglandula ) ................................................................................................................................ 42

- Leaves eglandular; flowers fascicled on rachis of inflorescence or short branches of inflorescence ............................................ 45

42. Petiole 1.0– 1.5 cm long; leaves most often more than 13 cm long and 5 cm wide ............................................... A. rubroglandula

- Petiole to 0.5 cm long; leaves mostly less than 10 cm long, 5 cm wide ....................................................................................... 43

43. Flowers solitary on short rachis of inflorescences (1–2 cm long); petals 5–7 laciniate .................................................... A. curtisii

- Flowers fascicled on longer rachis (more than 6 cm long); petals entire or distally 3-lobed with middle lobe much larger and acuminate, lateral 2 lobes minute and scale-like, or not obviously lobed ..................................................................................... 44

44. Flowers all sessile; petals nearly entire at apex; leaves with glands on petioles and both surfaces of blades as well ....................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... A. rengamensis

- Female flowers sessile, male flowers with pedicels; petals 3-lobed distally; leaves with glands only on petioles ........................... ............................................................................................................................................................................. A. glandulipetiolata

45. Inflorescences to 2.5 cm long; infructescences with obvious floral scars on thickened rachis ..................................................... 46

- Inflorescences more than 4 cm long; infructescences without floral scars on rachis .................................................................... 47

46. Leaf blades elliptic, base often cuneate, leathery; petioles to 2.5 mm long; infructescences ferruginous but without obvious tomenta .............................................................................................................................................................................. A. ismailii

- Leaf blade broadly ovato-elliptic or nearly orbicular, base obtuse or rounded, thickly coriaceous; petiole l, 0.8–1.2 cm long; infructescences densely tomentose ...................................................................................................................................... A. nitida

47. Flowers all sessile; leaves farinose with brownish powders on both surfaces ............................................................ A. sessiliflora

- Female flowers sessile, male flowers pedicellate; leaves without farina ...................................................................................... 48

48. Petioles 6–10 mm long; pedicels glabrescent; styles of female flowers ca. 0.5 mm long ................................................. A. corneri

- Petioles 3–6 mm long; pedicels tomentose; styles 0.6–1.0 mm long ............................................................................................ 49

49. Buds densely pubescent; bracts tomentose; styles 0.8–1.0 mm long; leaves dark brown when dry .......................... A. sabahensis

- Buds glabrous; bracts glabrous; styles ca. 0.6 mm long; leaves yellowish green when dry .................................... A. sarawakensis

50. Young branches sparsely with non-matted hairs ............................................................................................................................ 51

- Young branches densely with matted hairs ..................................................................................................................................... 52

51. Rachis ascending; bracts linear, 2–3 mm long; leaves with transverse veins at angles of 50–60° with midrib .................. A. exellii

- Rachis pendulous; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1.0– 1.6 mm long; leaves with transverse veins at angle of 70–85° with midrib. A. pomifera

52. Styles ca. 2/3 connate from base, upwards free ............................................................................................................ A. gossweileri

- Styles free from the base ............................................................................................................................................................... 53

53. Rachis ascending and sparsely with flowers; hairs on young branches, buds and young leaves to 1 mm long ............... A. boehmii

- Rachis nodding and densely with flowers; hairs on young branches, buds and young leaves less than 1 mm long ......................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... A. buchneri

54. Leaves glandular ............................................................................................................................................................................ 55

- Leaves eglandular........................................................................................................................................................................... 58

55. Flowers glandular .......................................................................................................................................................................... 56

- Flowers eglandular ........................................................................................................................................................................ 57

56. Inflorescence a supra-axillary spike, solitary; flowers sessile; leaves with transparent protuberant glands ............... A. malayensis

- Inflorescence a axillary raceme or with 2–3 basal branches; flowers with pedicels to 1 mm long; leaves with beef-red glands. A. sumatrana

57. Flowers bisexual, sessile, 1.1–1.3(–2) mm long; styles glabrous; young branches and buds pannose ........................... A. insularis

- Flowers polygamous, bisexual flowers sessile, 2.2–3.0 mm, male flowers to 1.6 mm long, with pedicels to 1 mm long; styles of