Zaphanta, Dyari, 1910

St Laurent, Ryan A. & Giusti, Alessandro, 2019, Revision of Zaphanta Dyarı 1910 (Lepidoptera: Mimallonidae: Zaphantinae) ı with descriptions of nine new species, Journal of Natural History 53 (19), pp. 1209-1246 : 1215-1216

Keys to species of Zaphanta

Considering that external morphology of most Zaphanta species is rather homogeneous, we offer a key to all Zaphanta species based on male genital morphology

1. Costal valva base modified with variably shaped projections ( Figures 25 , 30, 31 and 35–37) .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Costal valva base not modified as above, simple ( Figures 27–29 and 32–34 ) ............ 2

2. Distal tip of phallus ventrally projected ( Figures 25–33 and 35–37 ) ............................... 3 Distal tip of phallus flat ( Figure 34 ) ............................... ............................... Z. beckeri sp. nov.

3. Subuncal projection tooth- or blade-like ( Figures 27 , 28, 32 and 33) ............................. 4 Subuncal projection wider than uncus, flattened, duckbill-like ( Figure 29 ) ........................ ............................................................................................................................................. Z. anas sp. nov.

4. Subuncal projection blunt, tooth-like, not blade or spine-like nor approaching uncus in length ( Figures 27 and 28 ) ............................................................................................................ 5 Subuncal projection thin, sharp, blade-like ( Figures 32 and 33 ) ....................................... 6

5. Subuncal projection, thick, broader than and nearly touching tip of uncus ( Figure 28 ) ....................................................................................................................................... Z. rawlinsi sp. nov. Subuncal projection somewhat variable in shape, but never wider than nor nearly touching uncus tip ( Figure 27 ) ........................................................................................ Z. fraterna

6. Subuncus projection not reaching farther than half length of uncus ( Figure 32 ) ............ ......................................................................................................................................... Z. stiletto sp. nov. Subuncus projection extending beyond half length of uncus, nearly reaching uncus tip ( Figure 33 ) ................................................. ................................................. Z. machaera sp. nov.

7. Costal base of valvae with dense setae (do not confuse with thick spines) ( Figures 30 , 31 and 35–37) .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Costal base of valva with dense spines ( Figure 25 ) .............................................. Z. infantilis

8. Subuncal projections paired, sharp spines ( Figures 30 and 31 ) ........................................ 9 Subuncal region with weakly sclerotised ribbon-like structure ( Figures 35–37 ) ....... 10

9. Costal base of valvae with tusk-like projections, valvae mesally without region of dense setae ( Figure 30 ) ................................................................................ Z. elephanta sp. nov. Costal base of valvae without tusk-like projections, valvae mesally with region of dense setae ( Figure 31 ) .................................... .................................... Z. elephanticula sp. nov.

10. Uncus usually weakly sclerotised, often deeply bidentate, phallus distally very narrow and widely splayed, appearing forked; subuncal region with diamond-shaped ribbon of sclerotisation ( Figure 37 ) .......................................................................... Z. bahiana sp. nov. Uncus usually well sclerotised, weakly if at all bidentate; phallus may be somewhat distally splayed but does not appear deeply forked; subuncal region with V-shaped ribbon of sclerotisation ( Figures 35 and 36 ) .............................................. Z. acuta sp. nov.

Figures

Figures 25–29. Zaphanta male genitalia; a = ventral, b = lateral, c = phallus, lateral aspect, d = phallus, ventral aspect. 25. Z. infantilis, French Guiana, St. Jean du Maroni, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402338 [note: phallus shown encased in its thick membrane; similar membranes are removed or were not present to the same degree in other preparations] (NHMUK). 26. Z. infantilis, Guyana, Potaro, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402340 [note: Figure 26(a) shows the uncus and subuncal sclerotisation to display the degree of variation in this character in Z. infantilis; Figure 26(c,d) shows the phallus with its membrane peeled back and also display a more apparent lateral spine cluster on the phallus in this particular individual] (NHMUK). 27. Z. fraterna, Costa Rica, Esperanza, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402344 (NHMUK). 28. Z. rawlinsi holotype, Ecuador, Sucumbios, Sacha Lodge, Laguna de Pilchicocha, 220 m, St Laurent diss.: 7-21-18:3 (CMNH). 29. Z. anas holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, km 26, Manaus-Itacoatiara Highway, St Laurent diss.: 8-25-18:2 (CNC). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 32–34. Zaphanta male genitalia; a = ventral, b = lateral, c = phallus, lateral aspect. 32. Z. stiletto holotype, Brazil, Rondônia, Calama, Rio Madeira, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402345 (NHMUK). 33. Z. machaera holotype, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, 800 m, genitalia slide 5296 (VOB). 34. Z. beckeri holotype, Brazil, Rondônia, Ariquemes, 180 m, St Laurent diss.: 5-16- 18:1 (VOB). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 35–37. Zaphanta male genitalia; a = ventral, b = lateral, c = phallus, lateral aspect. 35. Z. acuta holotype, Brazil, São Paulo, Itanhaém, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402349 (NHMUK). 36. Z. acuta, Brazil, Goiás, Goiás, 500 m, St Laurent diss.: 5-16-18:2 (USNM). 37. Z. bahiana holotype, Brazil, Bahia, Camacã, 400–700 m, St Laurent diss.: 5-16-18:3 (VOB). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 30–31. Zaphanta male genitalia;a = ventral,b = lateral,c = phallus,lateral aspect.30. Z.elephanta holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Fonte Boa, genitalia vial NHMUK 010402347 (NHMUK). 31. Z. elephanticula holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, km 26, Manaus-Itacoatiara Highway (CNC). Scale bar = 1 mm.