Clinterocera yunnana ( Moser, 1911 )

Xu, Hao, Qiu, Jian-Yue & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2018, Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group, Zootaxa 4531 (3), pp. 301-352 : 339-340

Clinterocera yunnana ( Moser, 1911)

( Figs. 22–23 , 36 , 56–57 , 78–79 , 98–100 , 128–129 , 144 , 176–178 , 180 , 236–241 )

Callynomes yunnanus Moser, 1911: 134 (type locality: Yunnan, China); Schenkling 1921: 365; Mao 1937: 1097. Clinterocera yunnana (Moser) : Krajčík 1999: 40; Smetana 2006: 300; Krajčik 2011: 73 (partial); Krajčík 2012a: 75; Bezděk 2016: 391.

Differential diagnosis. This new species is similar to melanistic individuals of C. davidis ( Figs. 155–156 ), but punctures on pronotum are denser ( Fig. 22 ), punctures on elytra are elongate ( Fig. 23 ), and the parameres are different ( Fig. 78 ). This species is also similar to C. krikkeni , and distinguishing characters are provided in differential diagnosis section of C. krikkeni .

Redescription. General: Body length 19.8–22.0 mm; width 7.5–9.0 mm. Body completely black. Body surface with numerous setiferous punctures; setae yellow, stubble like. Head, pronotum, elytra, and pygidium covered with khaki tomentum; tomentum scattered on elytral disc ( Fig. 128 ). Head: Clypeus apical margin raised, frons evenly convex. Surface tomentous, with dense, fine, setiferous punctures; punctures elliptic behind clypeal apex, rounded in frons; setae short. Antennal scapus strongly expanded, subflabellate; exterior surface tomentous, with dense, minute punctures; interior surface with many setiferous punctures in margins, setae slender. Mouthparts: Prementum extremely expanded, scutellate; exterior surface tomentous, with dense, semicircular, setiferous punctures; setae short ( Fig. 129 ). Pronotum: Subcircular, margins slightly raised; anterior margin almost straight, slightly convex in medial in dorsal view; disc with dense, minute, rounded arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; punctures denser in lateral portion; setae short ( Fig. 22 ). Surface tomentous; thicker in posterior portion ( Fig. 128 ). Scutellum: Subtriangular. Surface tomentous, with sparse, fine, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Elytra: Subrectangular. Surface with dense, fine, elongate arcuate-striolae, setiferous punctures, denser in elytral declivity; setae short ( Fig. 23 ). Disc distinctly tomentous, but a rectangular area in medial portion always without tomentum; elytral declivity with wide, lateral tomentous band; posthumeral tomentous spots absent; lateral tomentous spots indistinct ( Fig. 128 ). Metepisternum and metepimeron: Surface tomentous, with dense, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short ( Fig. 144 ). Sternum: Preprosternal apophysis robust, slightly reflexed, with cluster of long setae on the apex. Metasternum tomentous, surface with dense, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures in lateral portion; punctures rounded in middle portion; setae short ( Fig. 129 ). Abdomen: Shallow, longitudinal groove between abdominal sternites III–V; female abdomen convex. Abdominal sternites surface with dense, fine, rounded, annulate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Surface distinctly tomentous, posterior margin of each sternite slightly tomentous ( Fig. 129 ). Propygidium surface heavily tomentous, with dense, setiferous punctures; setae short; terminal spiracla distinctly protruding. Pygidium: Distinctly convex. Surface heavily tomentous, with fine, round, setiferous punctures; setae short. Legs: Surface with dense, fine, sinuous striolae and arcuate, setiferous punctures; setae slender. Tibiae slender. Protibia with a small, external denticle in apical portion; a blunt protrusion near middle of outer margin, protrusion larger in female; apical tooth of inferior ridge elongate, tapering, curved downwards ( Fig. 36 ), this tooth short and indistinct in female. Mesotibia and metatibia with a small, acute protrusion near middle of outer margin; three distinct, acute protrusions in distal portion; two spurs slender, acute ( Figs. 56–57 ). Surface of coxa, trochanter, femora, tibiae with tomentum. Tarsi with 4 tarsomeres, slender ( Figs. 36 , 56–57 ); propretarsi short, acute. Parameres: Elongate, outer margins constricted in medial, distal portion expanded, apex obtuse in apical view; interparameral split constricted ( Figs.78–79 ).

Variation. The density of tomentum on the body surface is variable, some specimens are heavily tomentous ( Figs. 177–178 ).

Type material. A syntype is labeled: China / Yunnan [pale yellow label with a black border] // Callynomes / yunnanus / Type, Mos. [pale yellow label] // yunnanus M. [pale yellow label] (male, MFNB, Figs. 98–100 ). This species was described based on an unspecified number of specimens, but the measurement was only mentioned as a single value; Moser’s collection is housed in MFNB, and only one male of this species was found (currently on loan to Dr. Jan Krikken).

Other material examined (21♂♂, 32♀♀). CHINA: 1♀ ( MNHN), Chine. Hubei : 1♀ ( YUJC), 3.VII.2012, Qinggangping, Hejiaping , Changyang County, Yichang , 1,000 m, Lin-Song YANG ; 1♀ ( YUJC), 14.VII.2005, Mt. Tianzhushan , Changyang County, Yichang, Bing-Yan GUO ; 1♂ ( YUJC), 9.VII.2011, Dalaoling Nature Reserve, Changyang County, Yichang , 1,200 m, Guang-Mei WANG ; 1♀ ( QCCC), 27.V.2012, Mount Qilishan, Nanzhang County, Xiangyang , Mao YE; Sichuan : 1♀ ( MNHN), Siao-Lou [Mount Erlangshan, Tianquan County] Chasseurs du P. Dejean 1904 ; 1♀ ( MNHN), Su-Tchuen, Chasseurs indigènes 1903 ; 1♀ ( MNHN), Su-Tchuen, Chasseurs indigènes 1903 // Museum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür ; 1♂ ( MNHN), Chasseurs indigenes des Missionnaires de Ta-Tsien-Lou [Kangding], 1906. Guizhou : 1♀ ( QCCC), 12.VIII.2012, Mount Leigongshan Nature Reserve , Leishan County, Kaili, Shu-Lin YANG ; 1♂, 1♀ ( GFGY), 22.V.1979, Zhenyuan , 940 m, Mu-Sheng MI ; 1♀ ( MNHN), Chine Kouy-Tcheou. Yunnan : 8♂♂, 14♀♀ ( QCCC) , 1♂, 1♀ ( RMNH) , 1♂, 1♀ ( KSCJ), IX.2013, Manjiu, Manwan , Yunxian County, Lincang , Zi-Chun XIONG // in rotten wood in ant nest ; 1♀ ( QCCC), V.2016, Manjiu, Manwan , Yunxian County, Lincang, Zi-Chun XIONG ; 2♀♀ ( QCCC), 15.I.2017, Manjiu, Manwan , Yunxian County, Lincang , Zi-Chun XIONG // in rotten wood in ant nest ; 1♂ ( QCCC), 12.VI.2009, Nujiang Nature Reserve, Qiqi , Gongshan County, Liang DING ; 1♂ ( QCCC), VII.2011, Gongshan County, Ying-Bing LI ; 1♂ ( SNUC), IV.2013, Donghe, Zizhi, Mingguang , Tengchong, Cong-Chao DAI ; 1♀ ( QCCC), 9.X.2017, Rideng, Weideng , Weixi County, Diqing, Bai-Jun LI ; 1♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), II.2018, Rideng, Weideng , Weixi County, Diqing, Bai-Jun LI ; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( QCCC), III.2018, Rideng, Weideng , Weixi County, Diqing, Bai-Jun LI ; 1♂ ( QCCC), IV.2018, Rideng, Weideng , Weixi County, Diqing, Bai-Jun LI . MYANMAR: 1♀ ( KSCJ), VIII.2006, Chudu Razi, E. Kachin ; 1♂ ( KSCJ), VII.2007, near Chudu Razi, Kachin .

Distribution. China: Guizhou (new provincial record), Hubei (new provincial record), Sichuan (new provincial record), Yunnan; Myanmar.

Natural history. Fresh adults were found overwintering in cells in some rotten trees with a large ant nest of Lasius ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) (Mr. Zi-Chun Xiong, personal observation, September 2013 and January 2017, figs. 240–241). A female was caught using a Lindgren funnel trap; the trap was set at the edge of forest and alcohol was used as trapping agent ( Figs. 236–237 ).

Remarks. Clinterocera yunnana was originally described from Yunnan ( Moser 1911), but the actual distribution seems more extensive ( Fig. 180 ), even occurring to the north of Yangtze River (northern Hubei). The label data shown that the four specimens deposited at MNHN were collected from western Sichuan. These locations seem to be outside the main region of distribution of C. yunnana , and we could not verify the validity of these old specimens. Whether the scattered records in Sichuan perhaps is due to inadequate collecting activity like in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, or specimens were simply mislabeled, is unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 180. Known distribution of the Clinterocera jucunda species group (inset map shows the distribution of C. heinrichi). Some records and collecting sites are not shown because there is no precise geographical information.

FIGURES 6–27. Setiferous punctures on the pronotum and elytron of Clinterocera. 6–7, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 8–9, C. davidis; 10–11, C. donckieri; 12–13, C. jucunda; 14–15, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 16–17, C. nigra; 18–19, C. velutina new species (holotype); 20–21, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 22–23, C. yunnana; 24– 25, C. raui; 26–27, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 28–38. Protibia and protarsi of Clinterocera (male). 28, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 29, C. davidis; 30, C. donckieri; 31, C. jucunda; 32, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 33, C. nigra; 34, C. velutina new species (holotype); 35, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 36, C. yunnana; 37, C. raui; 38, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 39–61. Metatibia and metatarsi of Clinterocera (male and female). 39. Clinterocera bicolor; 40–41, C. brevifasciata new species (holotype and paratype); 42–43, C. davidis. 44–45; C. donckieri; 46–47, C. jucunda; 48–49, C. krikkeni new species (holotype and paratype); 50–51, C. nigra; 52–53, C. velutina new species (holotype and paratype); 54– 55, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype and paratype); 56–57, C. yunnana; 58–59, C. raui; 60–61, C. sinensis new species (holotype and paratype).

FIGURES 62–83. Male genitalia of Clinterocera (apical and lateral view). 62–63, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 64–65, C. davidis; 66–67, C. donckieri; 68–69, C. jucunda; 70–71, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 72–73, C. nigra; 74–75, C. velutina new species (holotype); 76–77, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 78–79, C. yunnana; 80–81, C. raui; 82–83, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 98–111. FIGURES 98–106. Type specimens of Clinterocera. 98–100, Clinterocera yunnana, male syntype and labels (photograph by Jan Krikken); 101–103, C. ishikawai, female holotype (greasy) and labels (photograph by Shan-Shan Liu); 104–106, C. raui, female holotype and labels (photograph by Antoine Mantilleri). FIGURES 107–111. Female habitus of Clinterocera bicolor. Arrow indicates a patch of tomentum near the anteapical umbone of the left elytron.

FIGURES 112–135. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), dorsal and ventral view. 112–113, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 114–115, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 116–117, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 118–119, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 120–121, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 122–123, C. nigra (Taiwan); 124–125, C. velutina new species (holotype); 126–127, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 128–129, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 130–131, C. ishikawai (paratype); 132–133, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 134–135, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 136–147. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), oblique view. 136, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 137, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 138, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 139, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 140, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 141, C. nigra (Taiwan); 142, C. velutina new species (holotype); 143, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 144, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 145, C. ishikawai (Ryukyu, Japan, paratype); 146, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 147, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 165–179. Habitus of Clinterocera (variation). 165–166, Clinterocera krikkeni new species (Guizhou, paratypes); 167–172, C. nigra (Taiwan, 169–171 photograph by Yi-Chia Qiu, greasy); 173–174, C. velutina new species (Hainan, China, allotype and paratype); 175, C. vietnamensis new species (Nha Trang, Vietnam, allotype); 176, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 177, C. yunnana (Guizhou, China); 179, C. yunnana (Hubei, China); 179, C. sinensis new species (Zhejiang, China, paratype).

FIGURES 236–241. Habitat of Clinterocera yunnana. 236–237, Lindgren funnel trap installed at the edge of the forest in Mount Leigongshan, Guizhou, China; 238–239, an adult excavated from a rotten wood near Mount Gaoligonshan (Tengchong, Yunnan, China, photograph by Cong-Chao Dai); 240–241, an adult excavated from a nest of Lasius ants in Yuxian, Yunnan, China (photograph in artificial conditions).

FIGURES 148–164. Habitus of Clinterocera (variation). 148, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (Yunnan, China, paratype); 149, C. brevifasciata (Yunnan, China, allotype); 150, C. davidis (Guangxi, China); 151–152, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 153, C. davidis (Guangxi, China); 154–158, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 159–161, C. donckieri (Guangxi, China, slightly greasy); 162, C. jucunda (Hua Phan, Laos); 163, C. jucunda (Yunnan, China); 164, C. jucunda (Cao Bang, Vietnam).