Periglischrus acutisternus Machado-Allison, 1964

Gomes-AlmeidaK, Brenda Karolina, DiórioK, Gabriel Félix, CostaK, Samuel Geremias dos Santos & PepatoK, Almir Rogério, 2024, DNA barcoding, visual-guide resource, new localities and host associations of genus Periglischrus Oudemans, 1902 (Acari: Mesostigmata, Spinturnicidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, Acarologia 1902 (2), pp. 425-462 : 431-436

Periglischrus acutisternus Machado-Allison ( Figures 3–5 )

Periglischrus acutisternus Machado-Allison, 1964: 200–202 (original designation).

Periglischrus tiptoni Furman, 1966: 144–147 .

Specimens examined — 2♀ (UFMG AC 220038, 220055) on bats Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) (2 ex.) and 2♂ (UFMG AC 221025-26) on P. discolor (1 ex.): Lagoa Santa, Lapinha cave, PE Sumidouro, - 19.5616° S, - 43.959° E, 11 Aug. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964374 [UFMG AC 220038],

OP964375 [UFMG AC 220055]). 1♀ (UFMG AC 220820), 1♂ (UFMG AC 220819) and 1

protonymph (UFMG AC 220136) on Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) (1 ex.): Rio Pardo de Minas, Mosquito cave (unregistered), PE Serra Nova e Talhado, - 15.6545° S, -42.7335°

E, 16 Dec. 2021, collected by B. Gomes-Almeida et al. (COX1 sequence [voucher code]: OP964373 [UFMG AC 220136]).

Barcode sequences — OP964373 and OP964375 ( Table 1).

Distribution — Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Venezuela ( Gettinger 2018 ; Beron 2020).

Hosts and records from Brazil — Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) : Rio de Janeiro ( Almeida et al. 2011); Phyllostomus discolor Wagner, 1843 : Pernambuco ( Dantas-Torres et al. 2009), Distrito Federal ( Gettinger and Gribel 1989), Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva and Graciolli 2013 ; Silva et al. 2017), Minas Gerais (present study); Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) :

E ;

– Details ventral setae on leg I; F – Details ventral setae on leg II; G – Coxa I with proximal (pv) and distal dv () setae, indicated in red arrow H – Femur–tibia I with proximal ad setae indicated; I – Coxa II with posterolateral seta pl () indicated; J – Femur II, proximal ad and pd setae, indicated; K – Proximal ad and pd on tarsus III, indicated; L – Femur IV, proximal ad and pd setae, indicated; M – Genu IV, proximal ad and pd setae, indicated; N – Proximal ad and pd on tarsus IV, indicated. Scale bars: A =200 µm, B, E, F, G, H, I, J, K–N = 50 µm, C, D = 100 µm

.

Maranhão, Paraná and São Paulo ( Confalonieri 1976), Minas Gerais ( Confalonieri 1976 and present study), Rio de Janeiro ( Lourenço et al. 2016); Mato Grosso do Sul ( Silva et al. 2017).

Differential diagnosis — Female: large, idiosoma length less than 2.000 μm (n=3, 1.167–

1.352, 1.279) ( Figure 3A ); dorsal opisthonotal area with four pairs of minute setae ( Figure 3D );

sternal plate has a flask-shaped with a narrow, subtriangular, median sclerotized projection at the anterior end of the plate ( Figure 3E–F ); distal posteroventral (pv) setae on tibia–tarsus I,

genu–tarsus II and distal anteroventral av () seta on genu-tibia II and tibia III are short, blunt and peg-like; and posteroventral pv () setae of femur and genu I-II robust with finely serrated on entire surface ( Figure 3H and K ). Male: Smaller than female (n=3, 492–558, 518); has distinctly longer sternogenital St (1–St4) setae, extending almost to level of second pair of setae and second–fourth pairs of sternal setae extending beyond bases of adjacent posterior setae

( Figure 4C ); seven pairs of setae on intercoxal IV and one pair of minute setae posterior to sternogenital plate; ventral setae on legs I-II mostly normal, setiform, and slender, however,

some may be enlarged, spinelike ( Figure 4D–F ); large dorsal setae of tarsi III–IV coarsely barbed or serrated ( Figure 4K and N ); proximal anterodorsal ad) seta (of femur–tibia I and genu IV medium to large in size ( Machado-Allison 1964 ; Furman 1966 ; Herrin and Tipton

1975; Morales-Malacara 2001).

Nymphs: similar to males with regard to above features, except by ontogenetic differences:

Protonymph is smaller and less sclerotized than deutonymphs and adults; peritreme is short,

over coxa III; four pairs of proteronotal setae, usually lack Pn5 seta; sternal shield plate not completely developed and lacks St4 and genital seta; anal-intercoxal plate not completely developed but smaller than in deutonymphs and male; intercoxal IV area with five pairs of setae, including adanal pair. Deutonymph female and male are smaller and less sclerotized than adults; peritreme with a long and narrow extension anteriorly; pair of proteronotal setae as adults; sternal shield plate not completely developed but St4 and genital setae are present and off shield; anal-intercoxal plate not completely developed but smaller than in male ( Deunff et al. 2011).

Remarks — This species is stenoxenous on bats of the genus Phyllostomus ( Herrin and

Tipton 1975), found here on bats Ph. discolor and Ph. hastatus . The record on Ph. discolor from Minas Gerais state is new to science. Individuals obtained in this study match the original description and re-descriptions ( Machado-Allison 1964 ; Herrin and Tipton 1975 ; Furman

1966). This species often co-occurs with smaller P. torrealbai Machado-Allison, 1965a , males and nymphs of which may be misidentified as P. acutisternus due to the similar size, presence of some distinctly enlarged ventral setae of legs I and II, large dorsal setae of tarsi III–IV coarsely barbed or serrated; males with long sternogenital setae and intercoxal IV area bearing seven pairs of setae. P. acutisternus , however, has some ventral setae on legs I and II spinelike

(instead of blunt and fusiform) and proximal anterodorsal ad) (seta of femur–tibia I and genu

IV medium to large in size (instead of always small) ( Herrin and Tipton 1975).

In our bGMYC species delimitation analyses ( Figure 2 ) P. acutisternus is represented by three haplotypes (8, 9 and 10) out of three sequences. Haplotypes 9 and 10 were recovered as a single species with large posterior probability (pp.>95%), whereas haplotype 8 was associated with a lower posterior probability (pp. 76%).

Figures

Figure 2 Mitochondrial COI haplotype ultrametric tree inferred in BEAST using strict clock and species delimitation probabilities obtained in bGMYC.

Figure 3 Periglischrus acustisternus, female. A – General view; B – Mediodistal lobe of palpal tibia indicated in red arrow; C – Dorsal plate with proteronotal setae (Pn1–Pn5) and poststigmal seta (Pst) indicated; D – Dorsal opisthosoma with hysteronotal setae Op3–Op6) indicated in red arrow; E and F – Sternal plate with sternal setaeSt1(–St4); G – Proximal anterodorsal (ad) seta on femur–tibia I; H – Distal posteroventral (pv) seta on femur–genu I (finely serrated) and tibia–tarsus I (blunt and peglike), indicated in red arrow; I – Proximal antero (ad) and posterodorsalpd () setae on tibia II; J – Proximaladandpdsetae on femur II; K – Distal pv setae on femur II (finely serrated) and genu–tarsus II (blunt and peglike), indicated in red arrow; L – Proximaladandpdsetae on femur IV; M and N – Posterolateral (pl) setae on femur–tibia IV with details, indicated in red arrow. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B–C, F, H, J, K–N = 50 µm, D = 50 µm, E, G, I = 100 µm.

Figure 4 Periglischrus acustisternus, male. A – General view; B – Dorsal view with proteronotal setae (Pn1–Pn5) and poststigmal seta (Pst) indicated; C – Ventral view with sternogenital setaeSt(1–St4) and genital seta (Sg) indicated; D – Ventral setae on legs I and II with details;

Figure 5 Periglischrus acustisternus, protonymph. A – General view; B – Dorsal view; C – Ventral view; D – Ventral setae on legs I and II with details; E – Details ventral setae on leg I; F – Details ventral setae on leg II; G – Coxa I withpv anddvsetae, indicated; H – Femur–tibia I with proximal adsetae, indicated; I – Coxa II with posterolateral setapl () indicated; J – Femur II, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; K – Proximal adandpd on tarsus III, indicated; L – Femur IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; M – Genu IV, proximaladandpdsetae, indicated; N – Proximaladandpdon tarsus IV, indicated. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, C–N = 50 µm, B = 100 µm.