Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835)

CASTRO, PETER & NG, PETER K. L., 2010, Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea), Zootaxa 2375 (1), pp. 1-130 : 21-26

Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835)

( Figs. 2A, B ; 3A–G ; 14D–F)

Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835: 51 , pl. 15, fig. 1 [ Japan].

Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858: 93 (39); 1907: 90 [ Hong Kong]. — Miers 1886: 226 [in list]. — Targioni-Tozzetti 1877: 102, pl. 7, figs. 2, 2a–d [ Japan].

Eucrate sulcatifrons — De Man 1887: 92 [in passim]. — Tesch 1918: 158 [in key], 158 [ Indonesia]. — Stebbing 1920b: 268 [ South Africa]. — Sakai 1965: 169, pl. 83, fig. 3 [colour]; 1976: 535 [in key], 536, fig. 284b [ Japan]. — Campbell 1969: 119 [in key], 126. — Guinot 1971: 1080 [in list]. — Kensley 1981: 46 [in list; South Africa]. — Miyake 1991: 220 [in list; Japan]. — Naiyanetr 1998: 78; 2007: 90 [Gulf of Thailand]. — Minemizu 2000: 291 [ Japan]. — Rodríguez & Suárez 2001: 284 [in list]. — Hsueh & Huang 2002: 130 [in key], 131, fig. 15. — Ng et al. 2008: 78 [in list]. — Yang et al. 2008: 770 [in list] [ China].

Eucrate crenata — Ortmann 1894: 688, pl. 23, fig. 4. — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 300 [ India, Hong Kong]. — Nobili 1906a: 145 [Persian Gulf]; 1906b: 296 [Red Sea, Gulf of Aden]. — Rathbun 1903: 23 [ Japan]; 1911: 237 [ Seychelles]. — Tesch 1918: 158 [in key]. — Balss 1922a: 137 [in list]. — Calman 1927: 214, 218, 219 [Suez, Red Sea]. — Shen 1932: 114, figs. 66, 67, pl. 5, fig. 2; 1937: 170 [in list] [ China]. — Sakai 1934: 314; 1935: 183, fig. 94; 1939: 562, 722, pl. 102, fig. 1; 1940: 42, 45 [in lists]; 1956: 46 [in list]; 1965: 168, pl. 83, fig. 4; 1976: 535 [in key], 535, pl. 192, fig. 1 [colour] [ Japan]. — Miyake 1961: 21 [in list; Japan]. — Miyake et al. 1962: 130 [in list] [ Japan]. — Campbell 1969: 119 [in key], 136, fig. 7 [ Japan]. — Guinot 1971: 1080 [in list]. — Kim 1970: 16; 1973: 408, 636, fig. 163, pl. 32; 1977: 206 [in list] [ Korea]. — Kim & Kim 1982: 141, 151 [ Korea]. — Yamaguchi et al. 1987: 22, pl. 9, fig. 11; 2003: 52. — Dai & Yang 1991: 401 [in key], 401, fig. 195, pl. 54, fig. 2 [ China]. — Miyake 1991: 146, 220 [in list], pl. 49, fig. 5 [ Japan]. — Rikuta 1991: 21, 24 [ Japan]. — Galil 1992: 117 [Mediterranean]. — Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 433, fig. 153; 2003: 52. — Karasawa 1997: 61, pl. 15, fig. 2, pl. 18, fig. 6. — Naiyanetr 1998: 78; 2007: 90 [Gulf of Thailand]. — d’Udekem d’Acoz 1999: 241 [in list, references for Mediterranean Sea records]. — Ito & Honma 2001: 29 [in list] [ Japan]. — Galil et al. 2002: 138, unnumbered colour fig. [in list, references for Mediterranean Sea records]. — Karasawa & Kato 2003b: 130 [in list]. — Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79 [in list]. — Yang et al. 2008: 770 [in list] [ China].

Eucrate aff. crenata — Guinot 1969b: fig. 35, fig. 52 [Suez Canal].

Eucrate crenate [sic] — Yamaguchi et al. 1976: 38 [in list] [ Japan].

not Eucrate crenata var. dentata — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 301 [ Hong Kong]. (? = Eucrate alcocki Serène , in Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973)

not Eucrate crenata var. dentata — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 301 [ India]. — Sankarankutty 1966: 350 [in list; India]. (? = Eucrate indica n. sp.)

(?) Eucrate crenata — Nobili 1903: 35 [ Singapore]. (? = Eucrate tripunctata Campbell, 1969 )

not Eucrate sulcatifrons — Stephensen 1946: 167, fig. 45 A, B. — Barnard 1950: 282 [in key], 295, fig. 54 d, e. [= Trissoplax dentata ( Stimpson, 1858) ]

not Eucrate crenata dentata — Chhapgar 1957: 437, pl. 11, figs. j, k, l. [west coast of India]. [= Trissoplax dentata ( Stimpson, 1858) ]

not Eucrate sulcatifrons — Edmondson 1962: 4, figs. 1 b, 2a–c [Hawaiian Is.]. — McLaughlin et al. 2005: 257 [in list]. [= Platyozius laevis (Borradaille, 1902) ]

not Eucrate crenata — Tirmizi & Ghani 1982: 107, fig. 3; 1996: 77 [in key], 80, fig. 31 [ Pakistan]. (? = Eucrate tripunctata Campbell, 1969 )

not Eucrate crenata — Shen & Jeng 2005: 150, 152, colour photographs [ Taiwan]. (= Eucrate formosenis Sakai, 1974 )

Type material. Male lectotype, 2 female paralectotypes ( RMNH D 287); 2 dry female paralectotypes ( RMNH D 42176); mouthparts of paralectoptype ( RMNH D 42177) (see Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 433; 2003: 52; Fransen et al. 1997: 111).

Type locality. Japan, unknown location .

Type material of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 , lost; type locality: Hong Kong. Neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 (see Remarks below): male, 34.0 mm × 49.1 mm ( QM W27449; Figs. 3 , 14D–F); type locality: Hong Kong, New Territories, Mirs Bay , mouth of Tolo Channel, stn. 2, 22°47’N, 114°28’E, P. Davie coll., 12.04.1989.

Material examined. Mediterranean Sea, Israel. Off Palmahim , 36 m, B. Galil coll., 03.06.2000: 1 male, 21.8 mm × 28.3 mm ( RMNH 48621 ) .

Suez Canal. A. Gravel coll., 1932: 11 males, 2 females ( MNHN-B 10145); Great Bitter Lake? (“Tiursah Lake”), A. Gravel coll., 1933: 9 males, 20.2 mm × 26.6 mm, 18.3 mm × 23.5 mm, 17.1 mm × 21.7 mm, 15.6

mm × 20.0 mm, 11.8 mm × 16.2 mm, 10.0 mm × 13.2 mm, cl 10.0 mm [rest of carapace damaged], 8.6 mm × 11.4 mm, 7.6 mm × 9.2 mm; 4 females, 20.2 mm × 25.5 mm, 10.7 mm × 12.7 mm, 9.3 mm × 11.3 mm, 8.0 mm × 9.9 mm ( MNHN-B 10146), 1 male, 20.2 mm × 25.6 mm ( MNHN-B 9316).

Red Sea. F. Jousseaume coll., 1897 (G. Nobili det., 1905): 2 males, 12.4 mm × 16.2 mm, 10.4 mm × 13.9 mm, 1 male, 19.2 mm × 25.0 mm ( MNHN-B 10148); F. Jousseaume coll.? (G. Nobili det., 1905): 1 male, 13.1 mm × 16.8 mm ( MNHN-B 10147).

Persian Gulf. Stn. 4, 25°55’N, 50°16’E, from Hircinia -like sponge, 13 m, C. E. Dawson coll., 06.09.1956: 1 male, 10.1 mm × 13.8 mm ( RMNH D 16333) .

(?) Seychelles. REVES 2: stn.26, 08.09.1980: 1 female, 5.3 mm × 6.5 mm ( MNHN-B30533 ) ; stn.29, 09.1980: 1 female, 3.9 mm × 4.7 mm ( MNHN-B30541 ) ; stn.30, 09.09.1980: 1 male, 5.0 mm × 6.1 mm ( MNHN-B30542 ) ; stn. 35, 10.09.1980: 1 ovigerous female, 4.9 mm × 6.3 mm ( MNHN-B30536 ) ; stn. 40, 44 m, 13.09.1980: 1 male, 6.2 mm × 7.9 mm ( MNHN-B30532 ) ; stn. 44, 62 m, sand, 14.09.1980: 1 female, 4.6 mm × 4.9 mm ( MNHN-B30538 ) .

(?) Madagascar. Nosy Be, stn. H50–52, R. Humes coll.: 1 male, 16.6 mm × 19.7 mm ( MNHN-B30531 ) ; West of Nosy Tanikely , 37 m, gritty mud, stn. H39, R. Humes & J. Ostheimer coll., 15.09.1960: 1 male, 14.3 mm × 16.6 mm ( MNHN-B30530 ) ; Procal Bay , 55 m, A. Crosnier col.: 3 males, 9.6 mm × 12.4 mm, 14.0 mm × 17.2 mm, 17.1 mm × 21.0 mm ( MNHN-B30529 ) .

Japan. Shikoku, Mimase near Kochi, 17.05, 1979, L. B. Holthuis, K. Sakai & H. Suzuki coll.: 1 male, 17.3 mm × 21.7 mm ( RMNH D 32744) .

Kyushu, Arike Bay, NW Simabase, near Mitsushu, 08.11.1968, T. Sakai & L. B. Holthuis coll.: dry carapace ( RMNH D 25143).

Amakusa Archipelago, tidal flat, 08.1983, T. Yamaguchi leg: 2 males, 23.0 mm × 29.1 mm, 24.9 mm × 31.6 mm; 1 female, 24.4 mm × 30.6 mm ( RMNH D 41888) .

Japan. Unknown location, Male lectotype, 2 female paralectotypes ( RMNH D 287 ) ; 2 dry female paralectotypes ( RMNH D 42176) ; mouthparts of paralectoptype ( RMNH D 42177) .

China. Amoy, G. Schlegel coll.: 1 male, 30.1 mm × 37.0 mm, 2 pre-adults females, 3 females, 2 ovigerous females ( RMNH D 286 ) .

Off Qingdao, from fishermen, 23– 25.08.2002: 3 males, 4 females ( ZRC 2002.0493 ) .

Fou Choi (= present day Fuchow): 1 male, 27.3 mm × 33.6 mm ( MNHN-B24488 ) .

Guandong Province , Nanao I., Nanao Qianjing fishing port, Y. Cai & P. K. L. Ng coll., 12.11.1998: 12 males, 1 female ( ZRC 1999.0676 ) ; 14.11.1998: 4 males ( ZRC 1999.0675 ) ; 14.11.1998: 1 male, 14.2 mm × 18.0 mm ( ZRC 1999.0673 ) ; 2 pre-adult females, 13.6 mm × 16.8 mm, 14.4 mm × 17.8 mm ( ZRC 1999.0674 ) . Unidentified location. Stn. 2, 25 m, 11.07.1967, id. as E. costata by H. Chen, 07.03.1986: 1 male, 21.3 mm × 27.2 mm ( MNHN-B30544 ) . – Stn. N118, 23.06.1970, id. as E. costata by H. Chen, 07.03.1986: 1 male, 16.6 mm × 20.4 mm ( MNHN-B30545 ) .

Hong Kong. New Territories , Tolo Channel, stn. 2, 22°47’N, 114°28’E, P. Davie coll., 12.04.1989: male neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson (here designated), 1858, 34.0 mm × 49.1 mm ( QM W27449) ; stn. 2, 1 male, damaged carapace, 1 female, 22.3 mm × 27.5 mm ( QM W27392) . – New Territories , Mirs Bay, stn. 8, 22°55’N, 114°40’E, P. Davie coll., 13.04.1989: 1 male, 17.5 mm × 21.5 mm ( QM W27392) ; stn.4: 1 male, 16.9 mm × 20.4 mm ( QM W27391) . – Unknown location: 1 female, 27.6 mm × 34.9 mm ( SWIMS CRU-XX-134 ) .

Indonesia. Java, Surabaja , 1927: 1 male, 20.7 mm × 26.6 mm ( RMNH D 27699) .

Kai Is., Danish Kei Islands Expedition , stn. 103, Sunda Strait, 06°05’S, 105°42’E, 52 m., 04.08.1922: 2 males 8.6 mm × 10.3 mm, 10.0 mm × 12.5 mm ( ZMUC) .

(?) Aru Is. Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. A I/3, Trangan I., 06°58’S, 134°05’E, 26–27 m, 20.06.1970: 1 female, 6.7 mm × 8.7 mm ( MNHN-B30784 ) . – Stn. A III/5–6, Trangan I., 06°46’S, 133°58’E, 11–16 m, 21.06.1970: 1 male, 8.7 mm × 11.1 mm, 1 pre-adult female, 9.3 mm × 11.9 mm ( MNHN-B30783 ) , 2 males, 6.7 mm × 8.5 mm, 11.1 mm × 13.4 mm ( MNHN-B30785 ) .

(?) Australia. Northern Territory. Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. B I/4–7, Bathurst I., Clarence Straits, 12°01’S, 130°08’E, 30.06.1970: 1 pre-adult female, 4.0 mm × 4.9 mm ( MNHN-B30786 ) .

Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth visible (except large individuals), carapace with relatively short posterolateral borders ( Figs. 2A, B ; 3A ). P5 propodus slender ( Figs. 2A ; 3A ). Typically 2 adjacent red-brown spots on upper branchial region of carapace; small red-brown spots on chelipeds, anterior portion of carapace.

Remarks. Diagnostic of E. crenata is a depression on the carapace around each orbit and the relatively low and triangular outer orbital teeth and three anterolateral teeth, the second of which is obtuse and slightly dorsally elevated ( Fig. 3A, B ). A shallow sulcus extends posteriorly for a short distance from the median notch of the front and bifurcating on the gastric region. It becomes less pronounced with size as the carapace becomes somewhat inflated, especially in females. A shallow sulcus with very short, scattered setae extends for a short distance from each third anterolateral tooth onto the gastric region; the sulcus becomes less pronounced and devoid of setae in larger individuals. These are characters are consistent among numerous specimens collected throughout its wide geographical range, from the Mediterranean Sea (as an introduced species) to Japan, its type locality.

Many of these characters, however, are also diagnostic of Eucrate solaris . The ventral surface of the cheliped meri of E. crenata , however, is smooth or with shallow granules whereas there are conspicuous, high tubercles in E. solaris . The colour pattern is also very distinctive in each of the two species (see Remarks for E. solaris below).

The alcohol-preserved type material of Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835 (RMNH D 287), actually consists of a male and two females, not one female as stated by Yamaguchi & Baba (1993: 433; 2003: 52) and Fransen et al. (1997: 111). No particular specimen was actually indicated as being the lectotype, even if this was stated as such by Fransen et al. (1997: 112). The male specimen (21.4 mm × 27.0 mm; RMNH D 287) is herein designated the lectotype and the two alcohol-preserved females (23.8 mm × 30.1 mm, 12.3 mm × 16.1 mm; RMNH D 287), two dry females (24.4 mm × 29.8 mm, 24.6 mm × 31.0 mm; RMNH D 42176), and the dry mouthparts of a sixth specimen (RMNH 42177) as paralectotypes.

The status of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 , described from a male and a second specimen “which appears to be the female” from Hong Kong, has always been a problem as its description is rather incomplete, there were no illustrations, and the type material is lost (see Campbell 1969: 126; Evans 1967; Deiss & Manning 1981; Manning 1993; Manning & Reed 2006). Tesch (1918: 159) had nevertheless stated that “ E. crenata and E. sulcatifrons are so very much alike, that there may be no sufficient reason to separate them: both have the front transversely sulcate, the same dentition of the carapace and the same characteristic patch of hairs at the distal end of the wrist of the cheliped”. There is enough evidence to support Tesch’s assertion.

The information given in the description ( Stimpson 1907: 90) agrees well with the material of E. crenata on hand from Hong Kong, the type locality (three males, 16.9 mm × 20.4 mm, 17.5 mm × 21.5 mm, one with damaged carapace, one female, 22.3 mm × 27.5 mm; QM W27449, W27391, W27392), the type material of E. crenata (as Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835 , see above), the abundant material of E. crenata examined from other locations, and the carapace-width to carapace-length ratio given by Stimpson (cl 0.325, cw 0.41 inch = 8.25 mm × 10.41 mm; 1:1.26 for his male specimen) and that of the three males and one female Hong Kong specimens on hand (1:1.2) .

Eucrate sulcatifrons was nevertheless considered different from E. crenata by Sakai (1965: 126 [Japanese part]; 1976: 535, 536). Campbell (1969: 126) summarized these differences from Sakai’s Japanese text: E. sulcatifrons “smaller than E. crenata , has a marked concavity posterior to each of the orbits, a well developed inner orbital spine, four anterolateral teeth that are more acute than those of E. crenata , the hand of the cheliped is much enlarged, and the colour is variable but many specimens have paler carapace margins”. Sakai (1976: 535, 536) separated the two species in a key using different characters. Eucrate crenata was described as being of a medium size, “the carapace evenly convex fore and aft”, and with a “purplish red spot on either side of the carapace”; E. sulcatifrons as small in size, depressed carapace with “transverse ridges along frontal and orbital margins”, a groove running from the third anterolateral teeth, heavy chelipeds (with distal border “furnished with short hair”), and “uniformly purplish-red, rimmed with yellowish white along … borders”. Eucrate crenata is indeed shown in Sakai’s colour figures ( Sakai 1965: pl. 83, fig. 4; 1976: pl. 192, fig. 1) as having the typical red spots on the carapace and chelipeds that have been observed in other specimens (see “Colour” below), whereas E. sulcatifrons ( Sakai 1965: pl. 192, fig. 1) is shown with most of its carapace dark brown in colour. Most if not all of these characters appear to be ontogenetic differences, although the purplishred phase shown by Sakai has not been observed here or reported elsewhere.

None of the specimens examined by Campbell were identified as E. sulcatifrons , but the species was included in his key and separated from E. crenata by having a “carapace width less than 25 mm ” ( E. sulcatifrons with “carapace width less than 25 mm ”). Eucrate sulcatifrons was separated from other species of Eucrate by having a deep “median longitudinal groove, dividing on the gastric region” ( Campbell 1969: 119), a character also found in E. crenata .

Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 , was designated as the type species of Pilumnoplax by Rathbun (1918). All species originally included in Pilumnoplax (see Ng et al. 2008), however, have by now been assigned to other genera ( Table 2).

In view of the confused taxonomic history of this species and in the interest of long-term nomenclatural stability, we hereby designate a male neotype (34.0 mm × 49.1 mm; QM W27449; Figs. 3 ; 14D–F) from Hong Kong, the type locality of Stimpson’s species, as the neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 .

The small specimens from the Aru Is. and the Northern Territory, Australia collected by the Mariel King Memorial Expedition and identified as E. haswelli by R. Serène, are closer to E. crenata because of the general shape of their carapace. This identification, however, is questionable, as in the case of the small specimens from the Seychelles. They may well represent pre-adults and small individuals of E. crenata but equally may potentially belong to a different species. Also questionable are five male specimens from Madagascar (MNHN-B30529-30531). The identity of these specimens needs to be re-examined and compared with fresh material.

The Pakistan specimens identified as “ E. crenata ” by Tirmizi & Ghani (1996: 82) and described as “beautiful dark purplish red, with chelipeds and legs white, the carapace [with] a band of white … on the anterior and lateral borders” are certain not to belong to E. crenata . This colour pattern is similar to that found in some specimens of E. tripunctata ( Fig. 12 ). Their figures ( Tirmizi & Ghani 1982: fig. 3; 1996: fig. 31) also show strong similarities with E. tripunctata , which is characterised by anterolateral teeth that are short, rounded and similar in appearance to the outer orbital teeth ( Figs. 12A–E ; 13A–D ; Campbell 1969: fig. 4B, K, L). Eucrate tripunctata is known to occur only as far west as the Gulf of Thailand and is not yet known from the Indian Ocean (see below).

Colour pattern. Typical of many specimens of are two adjacent red-brown spots on the upper branchial region of the carapace ( Fig. 2A ). Two large red-brown spots are still clearly visible in one of the dry paralectotypes (24.6 mm × 31.0 mm; RMNH 42176) and many other preserved specimens examined. A larger but lighter coloured patch may be found between the two spots in some specimens. Also typical in most individuals are small red-brown spots on the chelipeds and sometimes along the anterior portion of the carapace ( Fig. 2A ). Larger specimens may not have any spots at all, the carapace being light orange-brown ( Fig. 2A ).

As in other species of Eucrate , several colour patterns have been reported for E. crenata . Galil et al. (2002: 138) described Mediterranean specimens as having “carapace cream, finely speckled with purple, with two prominent hepatic marks”. This generally agrees with the colour of the Chinese material.

Distribution. Mediterranean Sea (introduced), Red Sea; Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea; western Pacific Ocean from Korea and Japan to the Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia, and questionably Western Indian Ocean ( Madagascar, Seychelles) and northern Australia. Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 36 m.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Fresh colours of Eucrate species. A, B, E. crenata (De Haan, 1835); A, male (22.5 mm × 27.1 mm) (ZRC 2002.0493), China, Qingdao; B, male, Hong Kong, not preserved; C, E. alcocki Serène, in Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973, ovigerous female (18.4 mm × 21.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0621), Thailand, Pattani, Thailand; D, E. indica n. sp., female, Persian Gulf, not preserved; E, F, E. formosensis Sakai, 1974; E, female (22.2 mm × 27.1 mm) (ZRC 1993.739), Taiwan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; F, juvenile, northern Taiwan, not preserved. Photo credits: B by D. Poon; D by R. Naderloo (Forschunginstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt); E by K. Li.

FIGURE 3. Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835); A–F, male neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 (34.0 mm × 49.1 mm) (QM W27449), Hong Kong, New Territories, Tolo Channel; G, female (22.1 mm × 27.1 mm) (ZRC 2002.0493), China, Qingdao. A, overall view; B, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; C, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; D, third maxillipeds, antennules, antennae and orbits; E, outer surface of right chela; F, posterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; G, female thoracic sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a1–a6 = male abdominal somites 1–6, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); s3–s7 = thoracic sternites 3 to 7, respectively; t = telson; v = vulva.

FIGURE 12. Fresh colours of Eucrate tripunctata Campbell, 1969. A, female (34.9 mm × 45.5 mm) (ZRC 2003.0606), Thailand, Gulf of Thailand (specimen slightly tilted when photographed); B, male (24.3 mm × 29.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0606), Thailand, Gulf of Thailand; C, male (37.5 mm × 47.2 mm) (ZRC 2003.0606), Thailand, Gulf of Thailand; D. female (13.6 mm × 16.0 mm) (ZRC 2002.0248), Singapore; E, F, male (7.0 mm × 8.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.066), Singapore.

FIGURE 13. Eucrate tripunctata Campbell, 1969; A, female (29.6 mm × 37.6 mm) (QM W1070), Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay; B, male (26.7 mm × 33.8 mm) (QM W1070), Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay; C–F, male (38.0 mm × 48.9 mm) (ZRC 2003.0191), Thailand, Gulf of Thailand. A–C, overall views; D, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; E, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; F, outer surface of right chela.