Xenorthrius umbratus Schenkling, 1912

Gerstmeier, Roland & Eberle, Jonas, 2010, Revision of the Indo-Australian checkered beetle genus Xenorthrius Gorham, 1892 (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Clerinae) 2584, Zootaxa 2584 (1), pp. 1-121 : 103-106

Xenorthrius umbratus Schenkling, 1912

( Figures 1 , 2B , 60 , 71A and 71B )

Xenorthrius umbratus Schenkling 1912: 325 ; Corporaal 1949a: 421; Miyatake 1965: 163; Miyatake 1985: 156. Xenorthrius umbratus var. simplicipennis Corporaal 1949a: 421 .

Xenorthrius umbratus var. simplex Schenkling 1912: 326 .

With the introduction of Xenorthrius umbratus var. simplex Schenkling (1912) rejected his own formerly described species Xenorthrius simplex Schenkling, 1903b . He reduced it to Xenorthrius umbratus as variation simplex Schenkling, 1912 . In fact it would have been more appropriate to suborder the subsequently described species Xenorthrius umbratus as a variation to Xenorthrius simplex like Corporaal (1949a) already mentioned. In the same paper Corporaal re-established Xenorthrius simplex for the Chinese specimens and described the variation Xenorthrius umbratus simplicipennis Corporaal, 1949 , for Taiwanese specimens.

Specimens examined: Lectotype (designated here): Taiwan: Kankau (Koshun), Formosa, H. Sauter VIII.1912; Schenkling det. ; Syntypus; Xenorthrius umbratus n.sp., Schklg. ( SDEI) .

Paralectotype (designated here): Taiwan: Kankau (Koshun), Formosa, H. Sauter VIII.1912 ; Paratypus; U.S. N.M , Paratype, 40630, Xenorthrius umbratus, Schklg. , Paratype ( NMNH). Kankau (Koshun), Formosa, H. Sauter VIII.1912 ; Syntypus; Schenkling det. (3ex., SDEI, 1ex., RGCM). Kankau (Koshun), Formosa, H. Sauter VIII.1912 ; Syntypus ( SDEI). Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, 1911.7.IX.; Cotypus; Schenkling det.; Xenorthrius umbratus, Schenkl. (NHRS) . Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, 1911.7.IX .; Syntypus; Schenkling det. (2ex., SDEI) .

Others: Taiwan: Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, 1909; 7.IX.; Schenkling det (SDEI). 10035; Banshoro- Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; excoll. Withold Eichler, Inst. Zool. P.A.N., Warszawa, 64/63 (ZMPA). Banshoro- Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter 8.1912; Schenkling det (SDEI). Banshoro- Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; 934; From S.r B-H., Nov. 1924;1594; CNHM (AB Wolcott Colln.), Xenorthrius simplex var. umbratus, Schklg, Wolcott , det (FMNH). Banshoro-Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; 969; Field Mus., (F. Psota Coll.) (2ex., FMNH). Banshoro-Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; Homotype, Xenorthrius umbratus, Schkl. ; Xenorthrius , det. G. Ekis, 19 (SDEI). Banshoro- Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; Typus; Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warszawa, 12/45 (ZMPA). Banshoro-Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; Xenorthrius umbratilis Schklg; Xenorthrius umbratus Schk , det. G. Ekis. 1983 (SDEI). Banshoro-Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; Xenorthrius umbratus Schklg. ; Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warszawa, 12/45; umbratus Schklg (ZMPA) . Banshoro-Distr., Sokutsu (Formosa), H. Sauter VIII 1912; Xenorthrius umbratus, Schk , det. G. Ekis. 1985 (SDEI). Kankau (Koshun), Formosa, H. Sauter VIII.1912 (NMNH). Kosempo, Formosa, H.Sauter, 1912; Schenkling det (SDEI). Mt. Nanfengshan, 1000m Nr. Liukuei, Kaosiung Pref., Taiwan; 18-6-1981, T. Shimomura leg (RGCM). Taihorinsho, Formosa X, H. Sauter, 1909; 935.; From S.r B-H., Nov. 1924; 1595; CNHM (AB Wolcott Colln.), Xenorthrius simplex, Schklg, Wolcott , det. (FMNH). Taiwan, 11.6.71 (2ex., ISNB). Taiwan, PingTungCo., Kenting Bot. Garden, subtropical forest, July 10–14, 1980, D.R. Davis, 260m (3ex., NMNH).

Specimens of X. umbratus var. simplicipennis examined: Taiwan: Cotype, Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, 1909; 7. IX.; Cotypus; Schenkling det.; Xenorthrius umbratus Schenkl. ; Formosa, H. Sauter., Brit. Mus. 1923-61 (BMNH). Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, 1909; 7.IX.; Schenkling det.; Syntypus (2ex., SDEI, 1ex., RGCM). Others: Taiwan: Bowring., 63 47*; Schenkling det. (SDEI). Formosa, Hoozan 08-10, Sauter; Schenkling det (SDEI). Formosa, Shinchiku, 18; VII 1-30, J. Sonan, K. Miyake; 473; J.B. Corporaal det. 193, Xenorthrius umbratus Schkl. , var. simplex Schkl. ; J.B. Corporaal: Paratype:, Xenorthrius umbratus Schklg. , var. simplicipennis, 1949 . Corp. (ZMAN). Kosempo, Formosa, H. Sauter, VII.1911; Schenkling det (1ex., 1ex. 7.9.1909, SDEI). Taihanroku, Formosa; 7. X.; Schenkling det. (SDEI). Taihanroku, Formosa; Purchased, S and B H, 8-X-1921; Orthrius ; X. mouhoti (NMNH) . Taihorinsho, Formosa X, H. Sauter, 1909; 972.; Field Mus., (F. Psota Coll.) (FMNH). Taihorinsho, Formosa, H. Sauter, X.1909; Xenorthrius umbratus , simplex Schkl (NMNH) . Taihorinsho, Formosa, H. Sauter; 23.IX.; Schenkling det. (1ex., 1ex. 7.09., SDEI). Taihorinsho, Formosa, H. Sauter; 7.IX.; ex coll Grandjean; Xenorthrius umbratus Schenkl ; Museum Paris, Coll. M. Pic (MNHN). Taihorinsho, Formosa, Sauter IX. 09; Schenkling det (1ex., 4ex. 8.1909, SDEI, 1ex, RGCM). Taihorinsho, Formosa, Sauter VIII. 09; Schenkling det.; Xenorthrius umbratus Schklg. , var. simplex, Schklg. (SDEI) . Taihorinsho, Formosa, Sauter VIII.09; Xenorthrius umbratus Schenklg , det. G. Ekis. 1983 (SDEI). Taihorinsho, Formosa, Sauter VIII. 09; Xenorthrius umbratus v. simplex, Schkl. ; Xenorthrius umbratus v. simplex, Schkl. (MNHN) . Formosa, Taihorinsho, VIII.09, Sauter S. (ZMHB). Formosa, Taihorin, VIII.10 Sauter S. (2ex., ZMHB) Taiwan: NanTowCo., Sun Moon Lake, 760m, June 20–25, 1980, D.R. Davis, forest (NMNH).

Measurements: (63 specimens measured) Average total length: 8.0mm, range: 4.1–9.1mm, average elytral length: 5.3mm, average elytral width: 2.5mm, average pronotal length: 2.2mm, average pronotal width: 2.0mm, average head width: 1.8mm.

Head: Red-brown, cranium vested with fine long setae, punctation very fine, almost smooth; posterior part of clypeus red-brown, margins darkened, sparsely vested with shorter setae, with few long setae laterally; ventral part smooth; antennae red-brown, A9 to A11 forming a broad club, male antennae reaching middle of pronotum when laid back; gular sutures diverging apically, gular process relatively broad, narrower than gula.

Thorax: Average pronotal length:width ratio 1.1:1; pronotum red-brown, vested with yellowish setae, pronotal arch nearly smooth, pronotum proper also nearly smooth, some specimens with larger punctation; prosternum red-brown, smooth; mesosternum red-brown, margins darkened, vested with yellowish setae; metasternum slightly darker, vested with fine setae, punctation sparse and fine; anterior metasternal process with two strongly sclerotized, ventrally projecting, edges; scutellum oval, anterior flattened, red-brown, margins darkened.

Elytra: Average length:width ratio 2.2:1; red-brown, one pale fascia in second quarter, fascia in V-shape near suture, anteriorly and posteriorly of fascia often darker brown, especially laterally, mostly subrectangular shaped subcutaneous structures visible, especially through pale fascia, vested with short decumbent and longer erect setae, punctation relatively small, striae 1 and 2 only present till pale fascia, striae 3 indistinctly present in pale fascia in some specimens, striae 5 and 6 becoming weak towards apex and merge before reaching apex, striae 7 shorter than striae 6, striae 8 to 10 becoming confused near apex; interstices between striae equal diameter of punctures, interstices within striae smaller than diameter of punctures; punctation often rasp-like in humeral region; strongly carinated, weak carina on sutural side of striae 3, sutural sides of striae 4 and 5 strongly carinated, short carina on sutural side of striae 6 in third quarter, most conspicuous carina on distal side of striae 6, weaker carina on distal side of striae 7.

Legs: Brown, coxa, trochanter and proximal part of femora yellow, tibiae light brown, becoming lighter distally, tarsal pulvilli yellowish-pale; metatibiae slightly curved distally, anterior and posterior face of each tibia carinate, carination red-brown, distinct, especially on metatibia.

Abdomen: Ventrites red-brown, ventrites 4 and 5 orange-brown, punctation dense and fine; male pygidium round apically; male ventrite 6 with wide U-shaped emargination, lateral of emargination slightly concave. Male genitalia ( Fig. 60 ): Dorsal sinus deeper than ventral one, ventral sinus widened apically; phallic plates extremely narrow; spicular fork dividing into two branches after one third of length.

The aberration simplicipennis of X. umbratus has the elytra red-brown, without the yellow central fascia. In most specimens the center of the elytra is lighter red-brown. All of the specimens available in this study have been collected in Taiwan.

Distribution: Taiwan.

Seasonal occurrence: Collected from June to October.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Xenorthrius umbratus: Lower surface of head and pronotum with mouthparts.

FIGURE 2. Gular process: (A) Xenorthrius penangis and (B) Xenorthrius umbratus.

FIGURE 60. Xenorthrius umbratus: (A) Tegmen in ventral view, (B) phallus in ventral view, (C) tip of aedeagus in lateral view, (D) spicular fork, (E) male pygidium, (F) male ventrite 6 and distribution map.

FIGURE 71. Habitus photographs: Xenorthrius umbratus (A), Xenorthrius umbratus var. simplicipennis (B), Xenorthrius versicolor n. sp. (C), Xenorthrius wallacei (D). Scale bars = 4mm.