Clupeonella muhlisi Neu, 1934

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 331-333

Clupeonella muhlisi Neu, 1934 [E] ― Marmara sprat, Apolyont sprat/Cüce ringa, filisa balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Clupeonella muhlisi Neu in Woltereck and Neu, 1934: 446, fig. 1 [Lake Abuliont, Bursa Province, Türkiye; no types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Neu (1934). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004) as Clupeonella abrau muhlisi ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Clupeonella abrau muhlisi ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Uluabat (Apolyont). ― Distribution in river basins: 3-Susurluk. ― General distribution: Lake Uluabat, Bursa Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This is a pelagic in lakes. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities.― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Alosidae Svetovidov, 1952 (shads and sardines)

Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Alosa braschnikovi (Borodin, 1904) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Alosa caspia nordmanni => Alosa tanaica

Alosa fallax ( Lacepède, 1803) [N] ― Twaite shad/Tirsi balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Clupea fallax Lacepède, 1803: 424 , 452 [Seine River at Rouen, France; neotype: MNHN 0000-3188]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004) as Alosa fallax nilotica ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Alosa fallax nilotica ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Türkiye. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; southern Black Sea; northeastern Atlantic; also adjacent freshwater river habitats of Europe. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species is pelagic at sea. Juveniles remain close to shorelines and estuaries. Migrates from the sea to rivers and spawns in the main river, often only a few kilometres above the limit of brackish water. Spawning was also reported from small rivers over gravel bottoms. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON, EUT, HAB. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 [N] ― Pontic shad, spotless shad/Ringa balığı, tirsi balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Alosa immaculate Bennett, 1835: 92 [Near Trabzon (Trebizond), Türkiye, Black Sea; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Clupea pontica Eichwald, 1838 ; Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838) ; Clupea eichwaldii Grimm, 1901 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and adjacent watersheds, Russia, and Georgia. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species is pelagic at sea, in deep water. Migrates to the middle reaches of large rivers, spawning where the current is strongest, close to the surface, usually at 2–3 m depth in the main channel. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: VU (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON, FIT, HAB. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Alosa maeotica ( Grimm, 1901) [N] ― Azov shad/Ringa balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Clupea maeotica Grimm, 1901: 67 [Kerch Strait, between Black and Azov seas; neotype: ZIN 32230 (25.7 mm, 1 of 50)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004) as Alosa fallax maeotica ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Alosa fallax maeotica ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and adjacent watersheds. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species is pelagic at sea in deep water, entering brackish lagoons to spawn. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. ConservationstatusinTürkiye:Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023).― Threats: CON, HAB.― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Alosa pontica => Alosa immaculata

Alosa tanaica ( Grimm, 1901) [N] ― Black Sea shad /Tirsi balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Clupea tanaica Grimm, 1901: 67 [Don River near Rostov-na-Donu, Russia; lectotype: ZIN 16115 (1 of 2, 147 mm) (not 16125)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004) Alosa (Caspiolosa) caspia tanaica ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Alosa caspia tanaica and Alosa caspia nordmanni ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Sea of Marmara, and adjacent watersheds. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia,430-Northern Anatolia,433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species is pelagic at sea in deep water (50-70 m) in coastal waters. Migrates from sea to mouth and lower reaches of large rivers, spawns in fresh or slightly brackish water, usually close to shore, in the upper 2–4 m of almost still water bodies such as flood plains or lakes. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CLI, CON, HAB, POL. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Clupea pontica => Alosa immaculata

Sardina pilchardus ( Walbaum, 1792) [N] ― European pilchard/Sardalya

Taxonomy. Original description: Clupea harengus var. pilchardus Walbaum, 1792: 38 [Cornwall, England, northeastern Atlantic; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Clupea pilchardus Bloch, 1795 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Fricke et al.(2007). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Türkiye. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species is a pelagic, oceanodromous, and littoral species. This species forms schools. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: FIT. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Dorosomatidae Gill, 1861 (thread herrings or gizzard shads and sardinellas)

Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 [N] ― Round sardinella/Sardalya

Taxonomy. Original description: Sardinella aurita Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847: 263, Pl. 594 [Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea; lectotype: MNHN A-9824]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Fricke et al. (2007). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Türkiye. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This pelagic species schools in subtropical coastal waters from inshore to the shelf edge. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: FIT. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Cypriniformes

Cobitoidei

Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 (spined loaches)

Acanthopsis aurata => Sabanejewia aurata

Cobitinula anatoliae => Cobitis turcica