Netuma Bleeker, 1858

Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Oliveira, Claudio & Ferraris Jr, Carl J., 2024, A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2), pp. 426-476 : 450

Netuma Bleeker, 1858

MP 100, BI 1, ML 100

( Figs 1–3 , 20B , 22 )

Type species: Bagrus netuma Valenciennes, 1840 .

Diagnosis

Mesethmoid medial notch indistinct, obscured by bone deposition (1, 1> 2); posterior branch of lateral ethmoid depressed (13, 0> 1); posterior cranial fontanel reduced to small opening (27, 1> 0); vomer lateral processes very narrow (53, 0> 1); accessory tooth plates two pairs (59, 0> 1); exoccipital posterior process not supporting Müllerian ramus (94, 1> 0); dorsal crest of premaxilla beginning between lateral one-third or one-half of anterior margin (124, 0> 1); metapterygoid anterior process truncate (138, 0> 1); first external branchiostegal ray narrow proximally and broad distally (147, 1> 0); posterolateral processes of urohyal posteriorly oriented, forming angle less than 60° (161, 0> 1); posterior portion of second basibranchial short and wide (167, 2> 3); third basibranchial chalice shaped (168, 0> 1); anterior process of first hypobranchial at middle of bone (174, 0> 1); lateral margin of third pharyngobranchial well developed and acute (193, 0> 1); adipose-fin base very short (222, 2> 3); adipose-fin origin vertically above posterior one-half of anal fin (223, 1> 2); gas bladder lateral diverticula present (243, 0> 1).

Ambiguous optimization: Mesethmoid median portion moderately wide (2, 2> 1); lateral line bifurcated, reaching dorsal and ventral caudal-fin lobes (247, 1> 2).

Included species

Netuma bilineata Valenciennes, 1840

Netuma aff. bilineata

Netuma patriciae Takahashi, Kimura & Motomura, 2019 Netuma thalassina Rüppell, 1837 .

Habitat and distribution: Brackish and marine waters, eastern Africa, South and Southeast Asia, southern New Guinea, and northern Australia ( Fig. 20 ).

Remarks

Netuma is a well-defined genus that was determined to be monophyletic in previous morphological and molecular studies ( Kailola 2004, Marceniuk and Menezes 2007, Betancur-R. 2009, Marceniuk et al. 2012), a condition corroborated here, but without consensus of its relationships in the MP, BI, and ML analysis.

Figures

Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 3. BI analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 20. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of the Ariini incertae sedis. A, Carlarius heudelotii, MNHN B-0689.B, Netuma bilineata, AUM 47559.C, Plicofollis argyropleuron, AUM 44750. * marine, ** brackish water, *** freshwater.

Figure 22. Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837), SMF 2627 (senior synonym of Bagrus netuma), Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, East Africa, Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern China, south to Australia, type species of the genus.