Cryptarius Kailola, 2004

Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Oliveira, Claudio & Ferraris Jr, Carl J., 2024, A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2), pp. 426-476 : 456

Cryptarius Kailola, 2004

( Figs 1–3 , 24C , 29 )

Type species: Arius truncatus Valenciennes, 1840 .

Diagnosis

Mesethmoid medial notch large and shallow (1, 1> 0); mesethmoid median portion very wide (2, 0> 2); epioccipital contacting small narrow area of diagonal crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra (44, 1> 0); epioccipital posterior process and medial crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra connected (45, 0> 1); vomer arrow shaped (49, 1> 3); vomer anterior margin weakly pronounced and serrated (50, 1> 0); contact face for articulation of transcapular process with basioccipital large and depressed (85, 0> 1); transcapular process at right angle to body axis (86, 0> 1); articulation between metapterygoid and quadrate by interdigitated suture in small portion of contact and by overlapping in remaining contact area (136, 0> 1); metapterygoid anterior process rounded (138, 0> 2); anterior portion of anterior ceratohyal compressed (150, 0> 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal long (160, 0> 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal almost as long as distal portion of bone (162, 2> 0); posterior portion of second basibranchial long and wide (167, 2> 0); first pharyngobranchial large and depressed (190, 0> 1); median crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (202, 0> 1); gas bladder lateral diverticula present (243, 0> 1); lateral line not bifurcated, reaching dorsal caudal-fin lobe (247, 2> 1).

Ambiguous optimization: Interopercle anterior portion thin and acute (133, 0> 2); transverse crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (200, 0> 1); adipose-fin base very short (222, 2> 3).

Included species

Cryptarius daugueti Chevey, 1932 * sedis mutabilis Cryptarius truncatus Valenciennes, 1840 .

Habitat and distribution: Brackish waters, South and Southeast Asia ( Fig. 24 ).

Remarks

Cryptarius was established by Kailola (2004), and has been recognized as valid by both morphological ( Marceniuk and Menezes 2007, Marceniuk et al. 2012) and molecular studies (Betancur-R. 2009), but without consensus on its relationships.

Figures

Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 3. BI analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support.

Figure 24. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of the subtribe Ariina.A, Arius maculatus, AUM 44875. B, Cephalocassis melanochir, CAS 49426. C, Cryptarius truncatus, AUM 50243. D, Hexanematichthys sagor, AUM 50242. E, Kyataphisa nenga, AUM 46280. F, Osteogeneiosus militaris, AUM 44880. G, Pseudosciades sona, AUM 44861. * marine, ** brackish water, *** freshwater.

Figure 29. Cryptarius truncatus, South and southeast Asia, photograph by Ricardo Betancur-R., type species of the genus.