Pantographa Lederer, 1863

Solis, M. Alma, Mally, Richard, Hayden, James E. & Nuss, Matthias, 2023, Revision of the type species of Syllepte Hübner and other spilomeline genera recently synonymized (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Zootaxa 5389 (3), pp. 343-361 : 348-350

Pantographa Lederer, 1863 ; revised status, valid genus

Type species: Pionea scripturalis Guenée, 1854 , type locality: Brazil , p. 373.

Guenée (1854) listed type material of P. scripturalis as three examples from Brazil. We designate one specimen with adult female and labels figured ( Figs. 15–16 ) [ NHMUK01396720 ] as the lectotype to stabilize the name of this species, abdomen undissected, not attached, Lectotype designated, and then two other specimens as paralectotypes.

Diagnosis: Basal and antemedial line complete with orbicular spot elongate width of discal area, claviform spot circular in anal area ( Fig. 15 ). Female signum with 2 small, equal-sized, round, slightly scobinated circles ( Fig. 18 ). Male genitalia with transtilla medially, anteroposteriorly flat, cornuti present as lengthwise sclerotizations or absent ( Fig. 17 ). Second abdominal tergite with a prominent, mostly straight lengthwise membranous fold without lateral, triangular pouches.

Description: Head: Labial palpus upturned, 2 nd segment 3 times as long as 3 rd segment; maxillary palpus short, only slightly longer than 3 rd segment; ocellus with a dark, sclerotized band basally, clear apically; chaetosemata absent; male antenna with scales dorsally, ventrally without scales and with long, hairlike cilia, each hair slightly longer than antenna segment, female similar but with very short cilia. Thorax: Forewing length range= 14–19 mm. Forewing venation: Sc to 2/3 length of costa. R from about ¾ length of discal cell; Rs 1, Rs 2+3, and Rs 4 close together from anterior angle of discal cell, Rs 4 running parallel for a short distance, then diverging toward outer margin. M 1 from anterior angle of discal cell to outer margin; base of M 2 and M 3 close to CuA 1. CuA 2 from apical fourth of Cubitus vein. CuP ill-defined, very faint, slightly longer than discal cell. 1A+2A well marked to outer margin; 3A a loop slightly less than one third the length of 1A+2A. Hindwing venation: Sc+R 1 and Rs stalked for half-length of Media beyond discal cell. Origin of M 1 from Rs; origin of M 2 and M 3 close to CuA 1. Three Anal veins well marked. Forewing pattern ( Fig. 15 ): Basal and antemedial lines brown, complete or entire width of wing; orbicular and claviform spots yellow with brown outline, orbicular spot elongate, width of discal area, claviform spot circular in anal area; median line brown, reniform spot round from Sc to distal edge of discal area; postmedial line curving outward from costa and then inward at M 2 to posterior margin, not visible if wing shaded dark brown posteriorly; subterminal line slightly visible to M 1 only, dark brown shading from M 1 to posterior margin variable; subterminal line not present; terminal line dark brown; fringe variable. Retinaculum scales anterior to CuP. Hindwing pattern: Postmedial line dark brown as double scalloped lines, curving to posterior margin, finger-like scalloped pattern from M 2 to CuA 2, variable dark brown basal shading, no subterminal line, terminal line dark brown, fringe variable. Frenulum: Female with 2 spines, male with 1 spine. Legs: Foreleg with tibial epiphysis, midleg with one pair of subequal tibial spurs, hind leg with two pairs of tibial spurs, distal spurs equal to length midleg spurs. Tympanal organ: Pons tympani prominent, post tympanal area with sclerotized outer margin, tergo-sternal sclerite highly sclerotized, processus tympani small or not visible, 2 nd tergite segment with a prominent, lengthwise membranous fold, same width throughout or broader medially, without lateral pouches, praecinctorium bilobed, membranous. Male genitalia ( Fig. 17 ): Uncus broad to tegumen, shorter than valvae, as long or slightly longer than tegumen, uncus apex variable in shape, pointed without medial cleft to round with medial cleft distally, dorsally with long, non-deciduous setae; subscaphium prominent, lengthwise sclerotization variable; valvae round apically with well-developed, variable fibula, ventrally directed towards sacculus, saccular medial lobe almost flat, well-developed group of long, deciduous scales externally; transtilla medially, anteroposteriorly flat, with a suture and slightly separated, posterior arms with a prominent or slight curve posteriorly to costa of valva; juxta u-shaped, slightly sclerotized; saccus shape ventrally variable, square-like and triangular, and if round, long as wide; coremata lateral to vinculum, round; phallus with lengthwise, long cornuti, number variable or absent. Female genitalia ( Fig. 18 ): Anterior apophyses twice as long as posterior apophyses; antrum distally, lightly sclerotized, without sclerotized bands; ductus seminalis about 1 mm anterior to ostium bursae; ductus bursae twice as long or longer than corpus bursae; signum 2 small, round circles slightly scobinated.

Species examined: Pantographa scripturalis ( Guenée, 1854) , rev. comb., Lectotype designated; P. aceotesalis (Walker, 1859) (= P. cybelealis Druce, 1895 ), rev. comb.; P. confusalis ( Becker, 2023) , n. comb., P. expansalis (Lederer, 1863) (= P. orsonalis Druce, 1895 ), rev. comb.; P. fraternalis ( Becker, 2023) , n. comb.; P. limata (Grote & Robinson, 1867) , rev. comb.; P. suffusalis Druce, 1895 , rev. comb.; removed from synonymy with S. incomptalis : P. idmonalis Druce, 1895 , rev. stat.

Remarks: Below we compare Pantographa to Haritalodes Warren, 1890 because although they are externally distinct, internally they are almost identical, and upon further study these two genera may be found to be congeneric. Becker (2023) synonymized the Neotropical Bocchoropsis Amsel (1956 –1957) and its species with the Old World Haritalodes Warren, 1890 which is an issue to be addressed separately.

Comparison of Pantographa to Haritalodes . Externally, Haritalodes and Pantographa are very different. In Pantographa the forewings have a mostly brown basal field with only a bit of white and in Haritalodes they have a completely white basal field. In Pantographa the forewing postmedial line curves outward from the costa and then inward at M 2 to the posterior margin but is not visible if the wing is shaded dark brown posteriorly, and in Haritalodes the postmedial line curves almost straight from costa and then outward at M 2 before curving inward to CuA 1 and the wings are not shaded posteriorly. The subterminal line is present to just beyond CuA 2 at the margin in Haritalodes , but only slightly visible to M 1 in Pantographa .

Internally, Haritalodes and Pantographa are morphologically very similar, and vary slightly in two structures, the transtilla and the saccus of the male genitalia. The transtilla of Pantographa has posterior arms with a prominent or slight curve posteriorly close to the costa of the valva, and in Haritalodes the transtilla posterior arms are completely straight posteriorly to the costa of the valva. In Pantographa , the saccus shape is ventrally variable, square-like, triangular, and if round, long as wide, and in Haritalodes the saccus shape is ventrally round, but longer than wide.

Figures

FIGURES 10–18. 10, Syllepte nitidalis (Dognin), lectotype adult male, Ecuador, Environs de Loja [USNMENT01433441]. 11, S. nitidalis,lectotypelabels.12,S.nitidalis,malegenitalia,paralectotype,Ecuador,Zamora,USNMslide#111085[USNMENT01769261]. 13, S. nitidalis, phallus, paralectotype, Ecuador, Zamora, USNM slide #111085 [USNMENT01769261]. 14, S. nitidalis, male modified structure and final segment, paralectotype, Ecuador, Environs de Loja, USNM slide #116219 [USNMENT01769438]. 15, Pantographa scripturalis (Guenée), lectotype adult female, Brazil [NHMUK01396720]. 16, P. scripturalis, lectotype labels. 17, P. scripturalis, male genitalia, Brazil, Parana, Castro, USNM slide #107232 [USNMENT01895419]. 18, P. scripturalis, female genitalia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, USNM slide #105696 [USNMENT01899000].