Caenomastax insignis Hebard, 1923

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Garay, Andrea, Castañeda, Didier, Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel & García, Alexander García, 2016, Systematics and phylogeny of the genus Caenomastax Hebard, 1923 (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae: Eumastacinae), Zootaxa 4117 (2), pp. 241-264 : 251-252

Caenomastax insignis Hebard, 1923

( Fig. 53–55 , 65–67 , 77–78 , 85–87, 19–110 )

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:40408

Diagnosis. Posterior projection of the pronotal disc of females reaching half the length of tegmina and blunt-ended ( Fig. 77, 78 ). Female tegmina 3-lobed ( Fig. 85 ). Medial projection of subgenital plate tip projecting and longer than lateral projections ( Fig. 87 ). Abdominal sternites of male black and tomentose, lophi of epiphallus slightly curving towards the latero-external margin ( Fig. 65 ).

Specimens examined: COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca, La Palma, ♂♀ 14 January 1995. D. Angel leg. Silvania, ♂ Vereda Azafrán, 1500 m, in Coffea arabiga , 28 November 2009. N. Flórez leg. [UNAB]. Boyacá, Coper, 10♂ 12♀ September of 2009. O. Cadena leg., Maripi ♀ 27 April 1974 I. Arévalo. Santander, Florián, 8♂ 7♀ June 2012. J. Cardona leg. [CAUD].

Measurements (mm). (♂/♀). Lt: 14 /15.2; P: 3/4; Teg: 2.8 /3; HF: 8 /8.3; HT: 8.5/5.2.

Comments. A complete description of the external morphology of the species was given in its original description. As for phallic structures, they were described by Rehn & Grant (1958). They are commonly found in the understory, among varied vegetation, mostly Melastomataceae and other forbs, in which they can be abundant; they are not found commonly in ferns though in some collection places they inhabited disturbed areas, being found even in grasses in roadsides and overgrown cattle fields. According to Varón (2000), the species is found up to 2000 m.a.s.l., but literature data and the material that could be checked points to an upper limit of about 1600.

Figures

FIGURES 53 – 64. Males of the species of genus Caenomastax (Head and thorax in dorsal view, terminalia in dorsal and side view respectively). 53 – 55. C. insignis. 56 – 58. C. similis n. sp. 59 – 61. C. bimaculata n. sp. 62 – 64. C. magdalenensis n. sp.

FIGURES 65 – 76. Phallic complex of the species of Caenomastax. 65 – 67. C. insignis. 68 – 70. C. similis n. sp. 71 – 73. C. bimaculata n. sp. 74 – 76. C. magdalenensis n. sp.

FIGURES 77 – 84. Head, pronotum and tegmina of Caenomastax females in side and dorsal view, respectively. 77 – 78. C. insignis. 79 – 80. C. similis n. sp. 81 – 82. C. bimaculata n. sp. 83 – 84. C. magdalenensis n. sp.

FIGURES 85 – 96. Tegmina, ovipositor and subgenital plate of the females in genus Caenomastax. 85 – 87. C. insignis 88 – 90. C. similes n. sp. 91 – 93. C. immaculate n. sp. 94 – 96. C. magdalenensis n. sp.

FIGURES 19 – 30. Characters used for the phylogeny (mainly male in dorsal view and phallic complex). 19, 22, 25 and 29. Caenomastax similis n. sp. 20 and 23. Zeromastax selenesii. 21, 24 and 26. Paralethus rowelli. 28. Santanderia lita. 30. Hebardomastax atopa.

FIGURES 31 – 40. Head and pronotum of males of the species included in the phylogenetic analysis. 31. Caenomastax insignis. 32. Zeromastax selenesii. 33. Caenomastax similis n. sp. 34. Homeomastax dereixi. 35. Caenomastax bimaculata n. sp. 36. Eumastax restrepoi. 37. Caenomastax magdalenensis n. sp. 38. Santanderia lita. 39. Hebardomastax atopa. 40. Paralethus rowelli.

FIGURES 41 – 52. Dorsal view of terminalia and phallic complex of the species of the out group (except Hebardomastax atopa). 41 – 43. Homeomastax dereixi. 44 – 46. Eumastax restrepoi. 47 – 49. Santanderia lita. 50 – 52. Zeromastax selenesii.

FIGURES 97 – 102. Hebardomastax atopa n. comb. 97. Male habit, side view. 98 – 100. Phallic complex. 101 – 102. Terminalia in dorsal and lateral view respectively.

FIGURES 103. Most parsimonious tree of genus Caenomastax. 145 steps long (CI, 0.93; RI, 0,86). Black circles indicate the synapomorphies and white ones the homoplasies (* C. atopa = Hebardomastax atopa n. comb.).

FIGURES 104. Consensus tree with Bremer (Br), (Br absolute / Br relative), indicated in the upperpart of each branch. Bootstrap value indicated in the lower part of each branch (* C. atopa = Hebardomastax atopa n. comb.).

FIGURES 105 – 110. Living monkey grasshoppers. 105 – 106. Santanderia lita (male and female). 107. Homeomastax dereixi (male). 108. Caenomastax similis n. sp. (female) (Photo: Daniel Castro). 109 – 110. Caenomastax insignis (male and female).