Andinomys edax, Thomas, 1902

Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Cricetidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 204-535 : 504

668.

Andean Mouse

Andinomys edax

French: Andinomys vorace / German: Eigentliche Andenmaus / Spanish: Raton de los Andes

Other common names: Andean Rat

Taxonomy. Andinomys edax Thomas, 1902 , “El Cabrado, between Potosi and Sucre [Potosi], Bolivia. Altitude 3700 metres.”

Validity of the form A. edax lineicaudatus, from time to time ranked as a separate species, a subspecies, or just a junior synonym of edax edax , needs further taxonomic consideration. A recent published revision concludes that Andinomys consists of a single species, although it includes significant genetic divergences among clades. Monotypic.

Distribution. Andes and high Andean environments in S Peru, extreme N Chile, SW Bolivia, and NW Argentina .

Descriptive notes. Head-body 134-182 mm,tail 107-160 mm, ear 22-29 mm, hindfoot 28-35 mm; weight 66-80 g. The Andean Mouse is moderately large and heavybodied. Furis soft and lax, dorsum and sides are drab, and underparts are buffy white, with basally slate-colored hair. Tail is 60% to nearly 100% of head-body length; it is sharply bicolored, densely furred, but lacks a terminal pencil. Mystacial vibrissae are numerous but short. Forefeet and hindfeet are well-haired on their upper surfaces, covered with white hair above, and silvery-white ungual tufts extend well beyond claws. Fifth digit of hindfoot (not including claw) reaches at least to base (often to middle) of second phalanx of fourth digit; palmar pads enlarged but not fused. Ears are comparatively small and look rounded, with fine gray edging. Eight mammae are present.

Habitat. Variety of habitats from subtropical mountain forests to, more typically, semiarid Puna and pre-Puna at elevations of 650-4500 m (mostly above 3000 m). The Andean Mouse mainly lives in high-elevation grasslands and related ecotonal highland systems, but it has not been recorded in the most arid part of the Andean Altiplano.

Food and Feeding. Molarstructure (prismatic crowns and triangulate cusps) and stomach contents suggest an herbivorousdiet,likely of mostly green herbs.

Breeding. Two females caught in April had signs of reproductive activity (open vaginas). No reproductive activity was observed in individuals captured in June-August. A pregnant female with three large embryos (crown-rump length 34 mm) was reported in mid-December in southern Peru. In north-western Argentina , females with closed vaginas were recorded in February-March, one lactating female and another with three embryos in February, and females with open vaginas in March (one with two embryos). Young individuals were trapped in February,June, andJuly. These observations suggest that the Andean Mouse is reproductively active from early Decemberto June.

Activity patterns. The Andean Mouse is nocturnal. It is primarily terrestrial and sometimes scansorial. It lives in round holes, quite clean, and insides are carpeted with very fine dried grass.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.

Bibliography. Anderson (1997), Diaz & Barquez (2007), Dunnum, Vargas, Bernal, Zeballos, Vivar, Patterson, Pardinas, D'Elia & Jayat (2016), Hershkovitz (1962), Jayat, D'Elia etal. (2017), Jayat, Pacheco & Ortiz (2009), Ortiz & Jayat (2007), Pearson (1951a), Salazar-Bravo & Jayat (2015), Salazar-Bravo et al. (2016), Thomas (1902e, 1926b), Yepes (1935b).

Figures

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[MISSING], 648. [MISSING], 649. [MISSING], 650. [MISSING], 651. [MISSING], 652. [MISSING], 653. [MISSING], 654. [MISSING], 655. [MISSING], 656. [MISSING], 657. [MISSING], 658. [MISSING], 659. [MISSING], 660. [MISSING], 661. [MISSING], 662. [MISSING], 663. [MISSING], 664. [MISSING], 666. Western Puna Mouse (Punomys lemminus), 667. Koford’s Puna Mouse (Punomys kofordi), 668. Andean Mouse (Andinomys edax), 669. Andean Swamp Rat (Neotomys ebriosus), 670. Salta Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys fossor), 671. Biting Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys mordax), 672. Peterson’s Chinchilla Rat (Funeomys petersoni), 673. Patagonian Chinchilla Rat (Funeomys chinchilloides), 674. Chilean Climbing Mouse (Irenomys tarsalis), 675. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys cerradensis), 676. Common Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorinos), 677. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat (Phaenomys ferrugineus), 678. Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Wilfredomys oenax), 679. Andean Long-clawed Mouse (Paynomys macronyx), 680. Chilean Long-clawed Mouse (Chelemys megalonyx), 681. Edwards’s Long-clawed Mouse (Notiomys edwards), 682. Valdivian Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus valdivianus), 683. Large Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus annectens), 684. Guafo Island Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus lafkenche), 685. Michaelsen’s Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus michaelseni), 686. LLong-haired Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix longipilis), 687. Hairy Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix hirta), 689. Sanborn’s Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix sanborni), 690. Woolly Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix lanosa), 691. Ornate Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix jelskii), 692. Gray Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix illutea), 694. Olive Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix olivacea)

Distribution. Andes and high Andean environments in S Peru, extreme N Chile, SW Bolivia, and NW Argentina .