Xiphiola Bolívar, 1896

Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Ferrari, Augusto, Zefa, Edison & Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, 2016, Revision of the South American genus Xiphiola Bolívar, 1896 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Ommatolampidinae: Abracrini), Zootaxa 4170 (3), pp. 567-580 : 568-569

Xiphiola Bolívar, 1896

Xiphiola Bolívar, 1896: 17 ; Amédégnato, 1974: 202 ( Ommatolampinae : Abracrini ); Ferreira et al. 1980: 92 (karyology); Otte, 1995: 95; Yin &Yin 1996: 752; Costa et al. 2010:1 –25 (phylogeny).

Type species: Xiphiola cyanoptera Bolívar, I., by original monotypy.

Diagnosis. Within the tribe Abracrini , Xiphiola can be distinguished from other taxa by the following combination of characters: (i) macropterous; (ii) antennae ensiform; (iii) apical joint of maxillary palpomere flattened; (iv) pronotum without median carina; (v) lateral carina of pronotum well marked, rectilinear or slightly divergent posteriorly; (vi) posterior region of the metapleura distinctly darkened.

Redescription. Lectotype ( Figs. 1–3 ). Body elongated. Integument smooth on face and abdomen. Macropterous. Medium size.

Head. In side view subrectilinear; as wide as the anterior margin of pronotum. Frontal costa prominent.

Protruding eyes. Interocular space wide or narrow. Fastigium of the vertex long with pointed apex. Antennae ensiform with 17 joints, longer than the head and pronotum together. Apical joint of maxillary palpomere flattened.

Thorax. Pronotal disc without median carina; pronotum rectangular, marked by three deep and transverse sulci, lateral carinae of the pronotum parallel or divergent; anterior margin of pronotum straight and posterior margin sinuous; metazona shorter than prozona. Lateral lobes slightly sinuous. Prosternal spine subtriangular; space between the mesosternal lobes narrower, and metasternal lobes distant. Tegmina long and oval, the apex rounded, reaching beyond the last abdominal segment; veins of tegmina strongly impressed; hind wings well developed ( Fig. 5 ). Hind femora robust and surpassing the abdomen tip, with upper and lower carinae serrulated. Genicular lobes rounded. Hind tibiae with seven external and nine internal spines. Second hind tarsomere shorter.

Abdomen. Tympanum present. Supra-anal plate subtriangular, longer than wide, marked by deep median longitudinal sulci ( Fig. 13 ); furculae present or not; apex of the supra-anal plate rounded or pointed, with tubercles. Subgenital plate short curved top edge, with apex pointed directed upward. Cerci long with pointed or truncate apex ( Figs. 13 , 24 ).

Phallic complex. Cingulum with long apodemes; endophallic sclerites with dorsoventrally flattened apodemes; arch of cingulum developed; gonopore with a rectangular ventral projection ( Figs. 15 , 26 ); lateroventral sclerites moderately large. Sclerites of aedeagus covered dorsally by the wide endophallic sheath, apex of the aedeagus valves divided. Slender aedeagus curved downward, with upper sclerites simple. Ectophallus membranous; ejaculatory sac relatively great ( Figs. 16 , 27 ). Bridge of the epiphallus flat ( Fig. 17 ) or with median reentrance ( Fig. 28 ), anterior projections almost the same size as the ancorae; lophi prominent ( Figs. 17 , 28 ), without internal conical protuberance; presence of oval sclerites.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 3. 1. Lectotype of Xiphiola cyanoptera Bolívar, 1896, (MNCN) male, lateral view; 2. same, male, dorsal view (MNCN); 3. label data of lectotype of Xiphiola cyanoptera Bolívar, 1896.

FIGURES 4 – 6. 4. Paralectotype of Xiphiola cyanoptera Bolívar, 1896, (MNCN), female, lateral view (MNCN); 5. same, female, dorsal view (MNCN); 6. label data of paralectotype of Xiphiola cyanoptera Bolívar, 1896.

FIGURES 11 – 17. 11. Xiphiola cyanoptera (Gerstaecker, 1889), male, lateral view; 12. Head and pronotum of male, dorsal view; 13. Supra-anal plate, male, dorsal view; 14. Ovipositor valves, female, lateral view; 15. Phallic complex, lateral view; 16. Endophallus, lateral view; 17. Epiphallus, dorsal view. (Figures 15 – 17 were redrawn from Amédégnato (1977).

FIGURES 22 – 28. 22. Xiphiola borellii Giglio-Tos, 1900, male, lateral view; 23. Head and pronotum of male, dorsal view; 24. Supra-anal plate of male, dorsal view; 25. Ovipositor valves, female, lateral, view; 26. Phallic complex, lateral view lateral; 27. Endophallus lateral, view; 28. Epiphallus, dorsal view.