Pyrops effusus ( Distant, 1891 )

Constant, Jérôme, 2015, Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), European Journal of Taxonomy 128, pp. 1-23 : 6-9

Pyrops effusus ( Distant, 1891)

Figs 2 A–E, 6–7A–C, 10A, C–F

Fulgora effusa Distant, 1891: 518 , pl. XX, figs 4, 4a (Type in NHM) [described, illustrated and compared with P. whiteheadi ( Distant, 1889) ].

Fulgora viridicastanea Baker, 1925: 359 , pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4 fig. 8 (Type in USNM) [described, illustrated and compared with P. whiteheadi erroneously mentioned and illustrated as “ Fulgora effusa ”]. Synonymized under P. effusus by Nagai & Porion (2004).

Fulgora effusa – Schmidt 1905: 349 [comparative note with other species]; 354 [mention of a specimen in the Stettiner Museum]. — Lallemand 1963: 88 [synonymized under whiteheadi (erroneous)]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].

Pyrops effusa (sic!) – Schmidt 1926: 47 [transferred to Pyrops ; compared with P. peltzeri Schmidt, 1926 , the latter synonymized under P. pythicus ( Distant, 1891) by Lallemand (1963)]. — Nagai & Porion 1996: 26 [transferred back to Pyrops ; catalogued as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)], pl. 11, fig. 163 [type of P. effusus illustrated under the name of P. whiteheadi ]. — Nagai & Porion 2004: 6 [removal from synonymy with P. whiteheadi ; notes on morphology; senior synonym of P. viridicastaneus and distribution], pl. 1, figs 2, 4 [illustrated from 2 localities].

Laternaria effusa – Metcalf 1947: 196 [transferred to Laternaria ; catalogued]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].

Laternaria viridicastanea – Metcalf 1947: 207 [transferred to Laternaria ; catalogued]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].

Fulgora viridicastanea – Lallemand 1963: 88 [synonymized under P. whiteheadi (erroneous) and compared with P. whiteheadi and P. effusus ; transferred back to Fulgora (erroneous)]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].

Fulgora whiteheadi – Lallemand 1963: 88, pl. X, figs 11–13 [keyed, comments illustration of male genitalia (based on misidentified specimens of P. effusus )].

Fulgora whiteheadi viridicastanea – Satô & Nagai 1994 [considered as a subspecies of P. whiteheadi (erroneous) and compared with “ Fulgora whiteheadi gunjii ”].

Pyrops viridicastanea – Nagai & Porion 1996: 26 [transferred back to Pyrops ; catalogued as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)]. — Nagai & Porion 2004: 6 [synonymized under P. effusus , notes].

Pyrops whiteheadi ( Distant, 1889) – Nagai & Porion 1996, pl. 11, fig. 163 [illustration of the type of P. effusus ( Distant, 1891) ].

non Fulgora effusa – Baker 1925: 359, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 4, fig. 7 [described, illustrated (misidentification

of Pyrops whiteheadi )].

Diagnosis

In addition to the characters defining the effusus group, the species can be recognized by: (1) head yellow-brown with apical half of cephalic process blue (often faded to greenish in collection specimens) ( Fig. 2 D–E); (2) pro- and mesonotum yellow-brown ( Fig. 2A ); (3) tegmina green with yellow spots also beyond nodal line; on basal half, spots tranverse and sometimes coalescent ( Fig. 2A ); (4) tegmina without large pale yellow patch at nodal line and apical margin slightly infuscate ( Fig. 2A ).

Material examined

Type material

INDONESIA: Holotype of Fulgora effusa (examined on photographs), ♂: [Borneo] [ effusa Dist. ] [ Distant Coll . 1911 —383.] ( BMNH) .

INDONESIA: Holotype of Fulgora viridicastanea (examined on photographs, Fig. 10 C–F), ♀: [Banjermassin, Borneo] [ Fulgora viridicastanea Baker ] ( USNM).

Additional material

INDONESIA: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: Kalimantan, Batulicin, Apr. 2008 ( RBINS); 2 ♂♂: Laut Island, Jan. 2008 ( RBINS); 1 ♀, Laut Island, Jun. 2004 ( RBINS); 1 ♂, E-Borneo, Midden, 10 Oct. 1925, H.C. Siebers ( FSAG); 1 ♂, idem, 4 Oct. 1925 ( FSAG); 1 ♂, SE Borneo, Atkinson coll. ( BMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Borneo, 1909 ( BMNH); 1 ♀, North Borneo ( BMNH).

Examined on photograph

INDONESIA: 1 specimen ( Fig. 10A ), Kalimantan, Wehea Protected Forest, 25 Sep. 2010, Kara Norby.

Measurements and ratios

TL: ♂ (n = 4): 35.1 mm (34.3–36.0); ♀ (n = 2): 40.2 mm (40.0–40.5); TL+process: ♂ (n = 4): 42.5 mm (41.0–43.2); ♀ (n = 2): 46.7 mm (46.4–47.0); LTg/BTg = 2.33; BF/BPrH = 3.0; LPr/LF = 2.18; LPr/ BPrH = 6.92.

Male genitalia

Pygofer and anal tube dark brown; gonostyli brown, paler dorsally and dark brown basoventrally. Pygofer higher than long, with posterior margin sinuate in lateral view ( Fig. 7A ). Anal tube slightly elongate, 1.20 times as long as broad, broader at 2/3 of total length ( Fig. 7 A–B); lateral margins slightly sinuate ( Fig. 7B ) and apical margin strongly notched in dorsal view ( Fig. 7B ). Gonostyli ( Fig. 7A ) elongate with posterior margin broadly rounded ( Fig. 7A, C ).

Distribution

Known from Borneo, South Kalimantan and southern East Kalimantan, and Laut Island ( Fig. 6 ).

Biology

No host tree has been identified for this species, for which records are available for the months January, April, June, September and October.

Note

Nagai & Porion (2004) mentioned the existence of 2 types of specimens showing (1) strongly and (2) weakly contrasted colour of the tegmina and illustrated both ( Nagai & Porion 2004: figs 2, 4). They mentioned the strongly contrasted ones from Laut Island and Kutai, and the weakly contrasted ones from Loksado (confirmed by the examination of the specimens in MHNL collections by H. Labrique, pers. comm. Mar. 2015). Since then strongly contrasted specimens were found in several locations on Borneo and weakly contrasted ones on Laut Island, which seems to confirm that they occur together. The occurrence of pale and dark forms in the same species was already known from other species of Pyrops , e.g., P. sultanus (Adams & White, 1847) (see also Nagai & Porion 1996: figs 189, 191), and P. lathburii (Kirby, 1818) (see also Nagai & Porion 1996: figs 194, 196, 198).

Figures

Fig. 2. Pyrops effusus ♀, Kalimantan, Batulicin (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Frons, normal view. Scale bar = 30 mm (D–E not to scale).

Fig. 10. — A. Pyrops effusus, in natura, Borneo, Kalimantan, Wehea Protected Forest, 25 Sep. 2010, K. Norby. — B. Pyrops gunjii, in natura, Borneo, East Kalimantan, 0°32’4.70”S 117°27’46.73”E, 3 Jul. 2011, M. Hauskrecht. — C–F. Fulgora viridicastanea, holotype (Photographs A. Kennedy). C. Dorsal view. D. Left lateral view. E. Head, normal view of frons. F. Labels.

Figs 7–9. Pyrops effusus group, ♂ genitalia. 7. Pyrops effusus. 8. Pyrops gunjii. 9. Pyrops whiteheadi. — A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Posteroventral view. An = anal tube, G = gonostylus, Py = pygofer. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photographs by J. Brecko

Fig. 6. Pyrops effusus group, distribution map.