Salticus fulvovittatus, Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2021

Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), Peckhamia 228 (1), pp. 1-84 : 74-84

17. Salticus fulvovittatus nov. sp. Pitch black, the cephalothorax very short and humpbacked, on the sides beautifully decorated, marked with three green-gold transverse stripes; abdomen elongate and oval, anterior fifth part yellow, with three yellow transverse bands; venter black, white spotted, legs shorter 4.2.3.1 spotted with black, red and green. Length 4.5 mm. Perhaps the female of No. 15. The eyes black, surrounded by brown-red circles; the pedipalps are golden yellow. The sides of the cephalothorax have the same splendid appearance as in S. viridifasciatus , which is also drawn in the same way; the middle green transverse band is the narrowest. The abdomen oval, black-brown, 11 / 2 times as long as the cephalothorax, the front half yellow laced; besides this there are 3 to 4 fine yellow transverse stripes on the back. On the venter 5 to 6 white roundish spots. The spinnerets are clear, but not elongated. Locality. Amboina . Not rare, especially on flowering composites. On the underside of the leaves makes a dense, snow-white tent-shaped nest, in which the spider hides in approaching danger and lays its eggs.

from Thorell 1877 (p. 591-594)

Gen. Thiania C. L. Koch 1846 . 95. Th. (?) albo-cincta n. cephalothorace ferrugineo-testaceo, squamulis ad maximam partem pallide aureis tecto, area tamen interoculari nigricanti, squamulis flavis et luteis vestita; palpis flavis, pedibus testaceus; abdomine supra et in lateribus squamulis densis ferrugineo-luteis tecto, cingulo recurvo supra petiolum, vittis transversis duabus, media et postica, ut et fascia angusta longitudinali a cingulo ilio ad vittam anteriorem ducta ornato, hac pictura argenteo-albicanti; ventre sub-argenteo toto. — ♀ ad. Long, circa 5 ½ millim.

Femina. — Cephalothorax patellam + tibiam + ⅔ metatarsi 4 i paris longitudine aequans, paullulo longior quam patella + tibia + metatarsus 1 i paris, paene dimidio longior quam latior, fronte paullo rotundata, lateribus parum rotundatis anteriora versus paullo angustatus, a medio inter coxas 2 i et 3 ii parium lateribus fortiter rotundatis posteriora versus angustatus, in medio postice emarginatus; non altus, dorso ante oculos posticos (paene in medio dorsi ipsius sitos) sat leviter proclivi et parum convexo, pone hos oculos magis declivi, paene recto et in declivitatem posticam parum praeruptam et ipso dorso paene duplo breviorem sensim transeunti. Supra in medio, mox pone oculos posticos, impressione transversa recurva evidentissima praeditus est cephalothorax, praeterea paene laevis, arcubus supraciliaribus oculorum posticorum humilibus, sed bene expressis; pilis sub-erectis longis sparsus et squamulis densis vestitus est. Clypeus humilis valde, altitudine vix ¼ diametri oculi maximi aequans. Oculi antici perfecte visibiles quum desuper inspicitur cephalothorax, in seriem leviter modo sursum curvatam dispositi: linea margines eorum superiores tangens recta est. Quadrangulus oculorum parum plus ⅓ longitudinis cephalothoracis occupat et aeque paene latus est atque cephalothorax in loco ubi locati sunt oculi postici; saltem ⅓ latior est quam longior, vix vel parum latior antice quam postice. Oculi medii antici maximi, spatio minuto sejuncti; oculi laterales antici parvi, mediis plus duplo minores et spatio dimidiam diametrum suam paene aequanti ab iis remoti. Oculi seriei 2 ae minuti, paene in medio inter posticos et laterales anticos siti (paullulo fortasse longius ab illis quam ab his). Oculi postici saltern aeque magni sunt atque laterales antici, et non multo (vix tota diametro sua) altius quam ii positi; spatium quo inter se distant multo (saltem dupla oculi diametro) majus est quam spatium quo a margine cephalothoracis sunt remoti. Oculi tres ejusdem lateris lineam levissime modo foras et paullo deorsum curvatam designant. Sternum breviter et inverse ovatum fere, coxis multo latius; spatium inter coxas 1 i paris latitudinem labii aequat. Mandibulae directae, parallelae, versus apicem sensim paullo angustatae, altitudinem faciei longitudine aequantes, dimidio longiores quam latiores, tibias anticas crassitie paullo superantes, in dorso nitidissimae, subtilissime transversim striatae, parce pubescentes; unguis mediocris. Maxillae longae, angustae, parallelae, basin versus sensim angustatae, latere exteriore recto, apice intus late et oblique truncato, praeterea rotundato; dimidio longiores quam labium, quod saltem dimidio longius est quam latius, versus apicem truncatum sensim angustatum. Palpi mediocres, internodiis cylindratis, modice pubescentes et pilosi. Pedes breves, sat graciles, anteriores parum robustiores quam posteriores; parce pilosi et pubescentes sunt, aculeis multis mediocribus armati. Pedes 4 i paris reliquis sunt longiores, 2 i et 1 i (qui vix vel parum longiores sunt quam 2 i) reliquis breviores. Tibia cum patella 4 i paris metatarsum cum tarso ejusdem paris aequat, et paullo longior est quam tibia cum patella 3 i paris. Tibiae omnes patellis evidenter et non parum (in pedibus 4 i paris plus dimidio) longiores sunt. Patellae posteriores cum femoribus, tibiis et metatarsis omnibus aculeati; tibiae et metatarsi posteriores non tantum apice sed etiam ad basin et medium aculeis muniti sunt, tibiae 1 i paris subter 2. 2. 2., antice 1, tibiae 2 i paris subter 2. 2. 2., antice 1. 1. aculeos ostendunt; metatarsi anteriores modo 2. 2. aculeos, subter, habere videntur. Abdomen anguste et inverse ovato-ellipticum fere, antice obtusum, plus duplo longius quam latius, pilis longioribus sparsum, dense squamulosum. Vulva ex foveis duabus parvis obscuris spatio angusto longitudinali sejunctis constare videtur. Mamillae sat longae, superiores cylindratae, inferiores cylindrato-conicae, crassiores et paullo breviores quam superiores.

Color. — Cephalothorax ferrugineo-testaceus, area interoculari nigricanti, pilis nigris sparsa squamulisque flavis et luteis tecta; praeterea squamulis pallide aureis ad partem sub-cupreis et (in lateribus mox sub oculis) viridi-aeneis undique vestitus est cephalothorax; clypeus albicanti-pilosus. Oculi antici viridiglauci, annulo supra luteo, praeterea vero albicanti circumdati. Sternum testaceum, albicanti-pubescens, paullulo virescenti-squamulosum. Mandibulae luteo-testaceae, ungui fusco. Maxillae et labium pallide testacea. Palpi flavi, albicàntipubescentes, setis paucis nigris sparsi. Pedes flavo-testacei, aculeis nigris. Abdomen in fundo supra et in lateribus testaceo-ferrugineum, squamulis obscure vel ferrugineo-luteis, sub-aureo-micantibus dense tectum, et vittis duabus transversis angustioribus albo-argenteis usque versus ventrem productis ornatum, altera in medio dorsi, altera in medio inter eam et anum sita; praeterea supra petiolum vitta angusta recurva albicanti cinctum est, quae utrinque in lateribus paene ad medium eorum producitur: ab hoc cingulo ad anteriorem vittarum transversarum fascia angusta longitudinalis media argenteo-albicans ducta est; in summo apice dorsum paullo sub-virescenti- et subargenteo-squamulosum videtur. Latera abdominis antice sub-argenteo-squamulosa sunt, venter testaceus totus, squamulis sub-argenteis tectus quoque. Mamillae navo-testaceae.

Lg. corp. 5½; lg. cephaloth. 2½, lat. ej. paene 1¾, lat. front 1½ millim.; lg. abd. 3⅕, lat. ej. 1½ millim. Ped I et II 4¼, III 4¾, IV 5¼ millim.; pat. + tib. III 1½, pat. + tib. IV, ut metat. + tars. IV, 1⅔ millim. Feminam singulam ad Kandari invenit Cel. Beccari. Etsi mas mihi ignotus est, ad gen. Thianiae C. L. Koch hanc feminam retuli; nonne recte? Ad formam corporis in universum Epiblemis valde similis est, sed vix ulli ex generibus Europaeis a Cel. Simon acceptis adscribenda. Quamquam clypeo humili, spatio inter oculos posticos multo majore quam est spatium quo hi oculi a margine cephalothoracis distant, et forma abdominis ab ex. gr. Maevia bene distinctum videatur gen. Thiania (saltem Th. (?) albo-fasciata nostra), suspicor, feminas quasdam generis Maeviae formam generis Thianiae induere posse. Salt. enim fulvo-vittatus Dol. (1) qui certe nihil est nisi femina S. (Maeviae) viridi-fasciati Dol. (2) ad formam corporis et oculorum dispositionem cum Th. (?) albovittata nostra paene plane congruit. [(1) Tweede Bijdr., cet., p. 20, Tab. V, fig. 3. (2) Ibid., p. 19. Tab. III, fig. 8).]

new English translation of text (Thorell 1877; note that translation from Latin is imprecise)

Genus Thiania C. L. Koch 1846 . 95. Thiana (?) albo-cincta sp.nov. Cephalothorax rusty-brick in colour, for the most part covered with pale gold scales, but with the area between the eyes blackish, covered with yellowish scales; pedipalps yellow, legs brick in colour; abdomen covered with rusty-safron scales above and on the sides, a recurved band above the pedicel, two transverse bands, middle and posterior, a narrow longitudinal, silvery-white band extending from the front, the venter entirely near-silver. ♀ adult length about 5.5 mm.

Female. — Cephalothorax e qual in length to the patella + tibia + ⅔ metatarsus of leg IV, slightly longer than the patella + tibia + metatarsus of leg I, nearly half as long as wide, the front slightly rounded, the sides rounded at the front, the side margins little rounded and slightly narrowed at the front, at the middle between coxae II and III the lateral margins are strongly rounded and narrow at the median posterior margin; not tall, above in front of the posterior eyes (almost in the middle of the back), slightly downward and a bit convex, behind these eyes flat and sloping downward nearly straight and in the posterior declivity not steep and nearly half as wide across. Above in the middle, right behind the posterior eyes, the cephalothorax has an obvious transverse, recurved impression, in addition a slight but well marked arch above the posterior eyes; covered with sub-erect long, sparse hairs and dense scales. Clypeus slightly strong, with a height equal to just ¼ the diameter of the AME. Anterior eyes completely visible when the cephalothorax is observed from above, arranged in a slightly curved line: the line across the top of these eyes is straight. The ocular quadrangle occupies less than ⅓ of the length of the cephalothorax, which is widest at the posterior eye row; at least ⅓ wider than long, just slightly narrower at the front than at the rear. The AME are large, only slightly separated; the ALE small, the AME more than twice their diameter and separated from them by about the same distance. The PME minute, nearly in the middle between the PLE and the ALE (perhaps a little more distant from the former than from the latter). The PLE are just as large as the ALE, and are positioned not much (hardly by their diameter) higher; the distance between the PLE and the ALE is greater than their distance from the margin of the cephalothorax. A line on the lateral side of the three side eyes is slightly curved downward. Sternum short and inversely ovate, the coxae much wider; the distance between the coxae of legs I and II is equal to their width. Chelicerae straight, parallel, appear slightly narrower toward the apex, equalling the length of the height of the face, longer than wide at the middle, the anterior legs slightly exceeding their thickness, bright above, below with transverse striations, few hairs; fang unremarkable. Endites long, narrow, parallel, gradually narrowed toward the base, straight on the sides, the apex wide on the inside and obliquely truncated, more rounded; half as long as the labium, longer by half than wide, toward the truncated apex slightly narrowed. Pedipalps unremarkable, cylindrical, moderately covered with hair. Legs short, quite thin, the anterior legs a bit more robust than the posterior legs: scarcely haired, armed moderately with spines. Legs IV are longer than the rest, legs II and I (which is a bit longer than leg II) are shorter than the rest. The length of the tibia + patella of leg IV is equal in length to the tarsus, and slightly longer than the tibia + patella of leg III. The tibiae of all legs appear to more than a little longer than the patellae (in legs IV half again as long). The posterior patella, with the femur, tibia and metatarsus all bear spines; the posterior tibia and metatarsus are armed with spines not only at the apex but also at the base and middle, the tibia of leg I 2.2.2 below, in front 1, tibia of leg II 2.2.2 below, in front 1.1; the metarsus of the anterior legs bear 2.2 spines below. The abdomen is narrow and shaped inversely ovate-elliptical, at the front obtuse, more than twice as long as wide, with sparse hairs and dense scales along the length. The epigynum has two slightly obscure, narrow, longitudinal structures. The spinnerets are long, the posterior lateral (above) spinnerets cylindrical, the anterior lateral (below) spinnerets cylindrical-conical, grosser and slightly shorter than the posterior lateral spinnerets.

Color. — Cephalothorax dusky brick, the area between the eyes blackish, covered with sparse black hairs, and yellow and yellowish scales; in addition pale gold to coppery scales and, on the sides under the eyes, the cephalothorax is covered with green-bronze; the clypeus with whitish hairs. Anterior eyes blue-green, ringed above with yellow, in addition to a whitish surround. Sternum brick colour, with white hairs, and slightly green scales. Chelicerae brick yellow, fangs darker. Endites and labium light brick colour. Pedipalps yellow, with white and sparse black hairs. Legs brick-yellow, spines black. Abdomen viewed from above and on the sides rusty-brick colour, with dense cover of indistinctly rusty-white, shining near-gold scales, and displaying two silvery-white transverse lines extending to the venter, one in the middle, the other in-between this and the anus; just above the pedicel there is a narrow, white recurved line that extends on each side to the middle: to this band at the front transverse line the longitudinal siver-white tract is connected; at the top a few greenish and silvery scales can be seen. On the sides of the anterior abdomen are silvery scales, the venter entirely brick-colour, also covered with silvery scales. Spinnerets strongly brick-colour.

Length of body 5½; length of cephalothorax 2½, the sides nearly 1¾ high, width at front 1½ mm; length of abdomen 3⅕, width 1½ mm. Legs I and II 4¼, III 4¾, IV 5¼ mm; patella + tibia III 1½, patella + tibia IV, and metatarsus + tarsus IV, 1⅔ mm. One female from Kandari [Kendari, Sulawesi] collected by Beccari. It seems to me uncertain to refer this female to the genus Thiania C. L. Koch ; not correct? The overall shape of the body is similar to Epiblemum , but it is hardly allowed to ascribe this to any of the European groups of Simon. Nevertheless the low clypeus, the much greater distance between the PLE than the distance between these eyes and the margin, and the shape of the abdomen like Maevia suggest Thiania (at least our Thiania (?) albo-fasciata), to suspect, that female Maevia have the form of Thiania . Salticus fulvo-vittatus Doleschall (1) would certainly be nothing more than the female Salticus (Maevia) viridi-fasciata Dolescall (2) which in the from of the body and the position of the eyes almost entirely matches our Thiania (?) albo-vittata). [(1) Tweede Bijdr., cet., p. 20, Tab. V, fig. 3. (2) Ibid., p. 19. Tab. III, fig. 8).]

from Thorell 1878 (p. 5-8, 278-283)

[5-8 in part:] II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti dal Prof. O. Beccari. Dopo la pubblicazione dei suddetti lavori di Doleschall si è aggiunto poco alle nostre cognizioni intorno all' Aracno-Fauna di questa isola. Le collezioni di Doleschall dei ragni d' Amboina e d'altre parti dell' Arcipelago Indiano, furono da lui regalate al Museo Zoologico di Leida; e Yan Hasselt ha pubblicato recentemente una lista delle specie di questa raccolta che erano ancora in uno stato di conservazione sufficiente per essere determinate. Una specie di questa lista, il Pholcus elongatus Vins. , non è descritta nei lavori di Doleschall, ma io credo che quest' autore l' abbia compresa nel suo Ph. phalangioides Walck. Inoltre Van Hasselt parla di una nuova specie di « Attus » (senza darne il nome o la descrizione) « affine al Salticus fimbriatus Dol. », la quale chiamerò Sinnis (?) Hasseltiì; egli dà pure una figura colorata dell' Epeira caput lupi Dol. , e fa diverse osservazioni sopra altre specie. — Nella prima parte dei presenti studi, fra le specie comuni a Selebes e ad altre località ne ho citato 14 di Amboina , tutte raccolte dal Prof. Beccari, che non erano prima state osservate in quest'isola; quindi il numero delle specie di Amboina già conosciute sembrerebbe giungere a 91. La collezione dei ragni di Amboina fatta dal Prof. Beccari ed ora conservata nel Museo Civico di Genova, contiene, oltre poche forme che non ho potuto determinare né descrivere, 100 specie diverse; numero molto maggiore di quelle che erano note a Doleschall. Di queste specie 50 appartengono alle Orbitelariae, 13 alle Retitelariae, 6 alle Tubitelariae, 7 alle Laterigradae, 5 alle Citigradae e 19 alle Saltigradae. Alcune furono raccolte nel 1873; ma la maggior parte il Prof. Beccari le radunò nel breve spazio di un solo mese, il Dicembre del 1874! Le specie per lo più sono rappresentate da parecchi esemplari, e molte da un gran numero, in generale di ambedue i sessi; e veramente questa raccolta si può considerare come una delle più interessanti e ricche che siano state portate in Europa dalle regioni intertropicali. Delle 100 specie contenute in essa ed enumerate nel seguente catalogo descrittivo, 43 sono già descritte o citate da Doleschall ed altre 14 da me (loc. cit.); 43 sono nuove per Amboina e 37 di esse sembrano non ancora descritte. Delle specie menzionate da Doleschall e da Van Hasselt, 34 mancano nei materiali del Prof. Beccari; pertanto il numero totale delle specie di ragni che si sa essere abitanti di Amboina è portato da questa collezione a 134, cioè non molto meno del doppio di quelle che ci ha fatto conoscere Doleschall.

La grande preponderanza in numero delle Orbitelariae e delle Saltigradae, e specialmente del primo gruppo (al quale appartiene la metà delle specie raccolte dal Prof. Beccari) è molto sorprendente; essa in parte può essere attribuita al fatto che questi gruppi in Amboina , come in Selebes ed in generale nelle regioni tropicali, sono rappresentati molto più riccamente che gli altri; ma senza dubbio dipende pure, ed anzi più particolarmente, dalla più grande facilità colla quale si possono raccogliere le specie di queste sezioni. Pertanto un giudizio sulla ricchezza relativa di specie dei differenti gruppi, ricavato dalle cifre succitate, sarebbe prematuro, come nel caso di Selebes. Si potrebbe dire lo stesso se si volesse venire a generalità intorno alla distribuzione geografica delle specie e delle sezioni superiori; perciò io mi limiterò a dare alla fine della rivista della raccolta in questione, un catalogo di tutti i ragni trovati finora in Amboina , coll' aggiunta delle altre località nelle quali, per quanto io so, sono stati osservati; lasciando che il lettore tragga da queste notizie quelle conclusioni che crederà meglio.

La lista seguente delle specie comprese nella collezione del Prof. Beccari, contiene le descrizioni delle specie nuove o poco conosciute, con quelle osservazioni sulle altre che io ho creduto poter essere utili alla generalità degli Aracnologi. Trovo conveniente di dare note descrittive piuttosto lunghe della maggior parte delle specie già illustrate da Doleschall, poiché, sebbene le descrizioni e le figure di quest'autore siano buone pei suoi tempi, e gli esemplari raccolti in Amboina si possano in generale determinare facilmente con esse, pure è molto raro il caso che bastino per la determinazione sicura dei ragni di altre località. Finora noi conosciamo soltanto una piccola parte della Fauna Aracnologica fuori d' Europa, el' Arcipelago Malese e la Papuasia non fanno eccezione a questo riguardo, benché siano meglio conosciuti, relativamente ai loro ragni, della maggior parte delle altre regioni intertropicali. Lo studio dei ragni di Selebes e di Amboina , e il piccolo numero delle specie (25) conosciute come comuni a queste due isole (numero che forma soltanto circa due noni della cifra delle specie trovate finora nella prima di queste isole e un poco meno di un quinto di quelle che si conoscono dell'altra), mi inducono a credere che le varie isole dell' Arcipelago Malese e della Papuasia siano abitate da specie in gran parte differenti, ma probabilmente spesso molto affini fra loro e non sempre distinguibili con facilità. Pertanto io credo molto lontana quell' epoca in cui le descrizioni dei ragni di queste parti del mondo potranno essere corte e sufficienti in pari tempo. Sori (Liguria) 15 Aprile 1878.

[278-283:] 97. [ Maevia ] M. viridi-fasciata (Dol.) cephalothorace nigro, lateribus partis cephalicae, vittis duabus trahsversis recurvis in dorso et macula triangula ad marginem posticum sita viridi-aeneis; pedibus nigro- et pallido-annulatis, aeneo- et albo-squamulosis; abdomine viridi-aeneo, vitta recurva alba in declivitate antica sita et utrinque ad medium laterum retro producta, maculis striisve transversis utrinque 2 albis ad latera dorsi, posterius, positis, secundum medium vero dorsi antice fascia brevi lanceolata plerumque sub-cuprea et pone eam serie macularum vel saltem macula supra-anali ejusdem coloris ornato; ventre obscure aeneo, maculis 6 albis in duas series ordinatis, posticis 2 parvis, reliquis magnis et oblongis; parte palporum tibiali apice extus procursu brevi in duos lobos diviso munita, lobo superiore desuper viso spinam brevem simulanti, inferiore uncum acuminatum incurvum formanti. — ♂ ad. Long. 5½-7½ millim.

Cephalothorace nigro, squamulis viridi-aeneis, cupreis et aureis ad maximam partem vestito, vitta vel vittis duabus transversis nigris plus minus distinctis ornato; abdomine supra obscure aeneo, pictura lutea vel flava, e vitta transversa recurva in declivitate antica sita et usque ad medium laterum producta, vittis tribus transversis pone eam et stria longitudinali media antica praecipue constanti; pedibus et ventre ut in mare est dictum. — ♀ ad. Long. 5½-6⅘ millim.

Syn.: 1859. Salticus viridifasciatus Dol., Tweede Bijdr. , cet., loc. cit., p.19 (= ♂).

1859. Attus viridifasciatus id., ibid ., Tab. Ill, fig. 8 (= ♂).

1859. Salticus fulvovittatus id., ibid ., p. 20, Tab. V, fig. 3 (= ♀).

Mas. — Cephalothorax patellam + tibiam + dimidium metatarsi 4 i paris, vel patellam + tibiam 1 i paris longitudine fere aequans, circiter ⅓ longior quam latior, in lateribus ample et sat fortiter (posterius fortius) rotundatus, infra anteriora versus igitur sat fortiter angustatus, lateribus partis cephalicae supra vero parallelis; frons modice rotundata, fere ¼ angustior quam pars thoracica. Supra in medio, paullo pone oculos posticos, impressione forti transversa paullo recurva et sulco parvo in medio notata praeditus est cephalothorax, ut in affinibus, arcubus supraciliaribus oculorum posticorum parum expressis; praeterea aequalis est, secundum marginem frontalem supra vitta pilorum brevium densorum sub-erectorum, intermixtis pilis longioribus munitus, qui quasi cristam vel (si in medio detriti sunt), penicillos duos brevissimos formant. Valde altus est cephalothorax, dorso ipso ante et pone oculos posticos (qui fere in medio ipsius dorsi positi sunt) sat leviter proclivi et declivi et parum convexo, in declivitatem posticam, ipso dorso fere dimidio breviorem et non multo praeruptam, sensim transeunti. Clypeus altissimus: altitudo ejus dimidiam diametrum oculi maximi superat. Series oculorum anticorum modo leviter sursum curvata: linea margines eorum superiores tangens recta est; laterales antici mediis plus duplo, paene triplo minores sunt et ab iis spatio remoti quod fere dimidiam diametrum oculi lateralis aequat. Quadrangulus oculorum plus ⅓, fere ⅖, longitudinis cephalothoracis occupat: rectangulus est, vix ¼ latior quam longior, et postice non parum (vix vero dupla oculi diametro) angustior quam cephalothorax eodem loco. Oculi 2 ae seriei minuti, paene in medio inter oculos laterales anticos et oculos posticos locati. Oculi postici paullo majores quam laterales antici et diametro sua altius quam ii positi; spatium quo inter se distant evidenter minus est quam id quo a margine cephalothoracis sunt remoti. Sternum breviter et inverse orbiculato-ovatum, coxis multo latius; spatium inter coxas 1 i paris labii latitudinem superat. Mandibulae paene directae vel paullo porrectae, parallelae, rimam angustam inter se relinquentes; sub-cylindratae sunt, in apice late et oblique truncatae, patellis li paris paullo crassiores, altitudinem faciei longitudine superantes, triplo longiores quam latiores; in dorso recto, ad latus exterius, versus apicem, costa tenui longitudinali sunt munitae, et magis intus, versus apicem, ubi deplanatae et sub-excavatae sunt, sulco longitudinali paullo obliquo instructae et transversim striatae, praeterea coriaceae, paullo pilosae. Sulcus unguicularis antice, ad basin unguis, dente forti armatus est, anguli sulci interiores (anticus et posticus) dentem parvum format, et praeterea latus mandibulae interius prope sulcum dente parvo munitum videtur. Unguis sat longus et, basi excepta, gracilis. Maxillae longiores, sub-ovatae, labio circa dimidio longiores, apice latae et, intus, oblique truncatae, angulo apicis exteriore modo levissime dilatato-rotundato, non vel parum prominenti; labium multo longius quam latius, versus apicem truncatum sensim angustatum. Palpi graciles, clava tibiam anticam latitudine paene aequanti; pars patellaris sub-cylindrata est, paene duplo longior quam latior; pars tibialis desuper visa ea paullulo brevior, et apicem versus sensim paullo incrassata, circa dimidio longior quam latior apice (a latere inferiore visa parte patellari longior est): apex lateris exterioris partis tibialis in laminam brevem profunde bilobam producta est, lobo superiore apicem obtusum versus sensim angustato (desuper viso speciem spinae brevioris anteriora versus et foras directae praebenti), lobo inferiore uncum acuminatum incurvum formanti. Pars tarsalis parte tibiali paullo longior eaque paullo (vix dimidio) latior, ovato-lanceolata, apice obtuso; bulbus parvus, rotundatus, humilis: e medio lateris exterioris ejus spina longissima gracillima exit, primum retro directa et dein circum bulbum curvata, apice longo versus apicem partis patellaris pertinenti. Pedes longitudine mediocri; 1 i paris interdum, in exemplis magnis, reliquos longitudine superant, in exemplis vero parvis 4 i paris pedes reliquis longiores sunt. Sat graciles sunt pedes, praesertim apicem versus, anteriores reliquis paullo robustiores; femora 1 i paris compressa sunt et supra arcuata, metatarsi multo graciliores quam tibiae. Tibiae patella dimidio-duplo longiores; tibia cum patella 4 i paris longior quam tibia cum patella 3 ii paris, sed brevior quam metatarsus cum tarso 4 i paris. Patella 4 i paris paullulo crassior sed vix longior quam 3 ii paris patella videtur; tibia 4 i paris basi patella paullo angustior est. Femora omnia, patellae posteriores, tibiae et metatarsi omnes aculeis gracilibus armata: tibiae anteriores subter 2. 2. 2., antice 1. 1. aculeos ostendunt, metatarsi anteriores subter 2.2. et, in pedibus 2 i paris, 1 antice (apice). Metatarsi 4 i paris non apice tantum verum etiam ad medium et basin aculeati. Abdomen longum et angustum, circa duplo et dimidio longius quam latius, sub-lanceolatum. Mamillae longae, sub-cylindratae, superiores longiores et multo angustiores quam inferiores, articulo 2° non longiore quam latiore, obtuso. Color. — Cephalothorax niger, vittis duabus latis transversis e squamulis viridi-aeneis (intermixtis interdum cupreis) formatis et macula magna triangula ejusdem coloris ad marginem posticum sita ornatus, lateribus quoque partis cephalicae eodem modo viridi-aeneis; vitta anterior paullo pone marginem frontalem (qui vittam angustiorem densissime nigro-pilosam format) ducta est et paullo modo recurva, vitta posterior per impressionem mediam deorsum et retro ducta et curvata est, usque ad margines laterales pertinens; praeterea cephalothorax squamulis atris est vestitus, excepto clypeo, qui pube alba est munitus, et annulis oculos anticos cingentibus, qui colore albicanti vel cinerascenti ad maximam partem sunt. Sternum nigrum, albicanti-pilosum et viridi-aeneo-squamulosum. Mandibulae nigro-fuscae vel fuscae. Maxillae et labium nigro-fusca, saepe apice pallida. Palpi flavi, parte femorali basi et parte tarsali paene tota (basi pallida excepta) nigricantibus; pars femoralis ad partem, partes patellaris et tibialis totae cum basi partis tarsalis pube alba supra tectae sunt, pars tarsalis praeterea nigro-pubescens. Pedes aut nigricantes, annulis pallidioribus, aut testacei, plus minus evidenter nigricanti-annulati; squamulis viridi-aeneis vestiti sunt et squamulis albis quoque, quae annulos vel maculas in partibus pedum pallidioribus formant. Abdomen in fundo nigrum, supra squamulis plus minus obscure viridi-aeneis ad maximam partem vestitum; in declivitate antica vitta transversa est cinctum, quae utrinque posteriora versus usque ad medium laterum est continuata; in dorso anterius fasciam longitudinalem angustam abbreviatam lanceolatam versicolorem sub-cupream, cyaneum, virescentem vel albicantem colorem sentientem ostendit, et ad utrinque latus, posterius, dorsum maculas vel strias parvas duas albas habet, quae maculae vel striae 4 fere in quadratum dispositae sunt: duae anteriores earum cum apicibus vittae illius sunt conjunctae et in medio longitudinis dorsi positae, duae posteriores in medio inter eas et anum; mox supra anum macula vel series longitudinalis macularum, colore fasciae mediae, conspicitur. Latera inferius et venter obscure aeneo-squamulosa: utrinque, secundum latera ventris, inter rimam genitalem et mamillas, series macularum trium albissimarum extensa est, posticis duabus harum sex macularum parvis et paullo ante mamillas sitis, reliquis majoribus, oblongis. Mamillae nigrae.

Femina a mare multum differt, etiam forma cephalothoracis, qui multo minus altus et paullo longior est quam in mare et minus fortiter in lateribus rotundatus: frons igitur non multo angustior quam pars thoracica et levius rotundata; spatium inter oculos posticos paullo majus est quam id quo a margine cephalothoracis distant hi oculi; altitudo clypei veri vix ¼ diametri oculi maximi superat. Cephalothorax aeque fere longus est ac patella + tibia + dimidium metatarsi 4 i paris, circa ⅖ longior quam latior; vitta illa frontali e pilis brevibus sub-erectis densis formata carere videtur (?). Praeterea cephalothorax, oculi et sternum sunt ut in femina diximus. Mandibulae directae, parallelae, forma ordinaria, modo duplo longiores quam latiores, in dorso leviter convexae, aequales, laeves et nitidae; sulcus unguicularis modo dente singulo parvo antice et postice, intus, armatus videtur. Pedes breves, apicem versus sensim angustati, 4 i paris reliquis longiores; tibiae non multo (modo in 4 i paris dimidio) longiores quam patella, metatarsus cum tarso 4 i paris brevior quam tibia cum patella ejusdem paris. Aculei pedum ut in mare diximus. Abdomen brevius et crassius quam in eo, duplo saltem longius quam latius, anguste ovatum. Vulva ex foveis duabus longis et valde angustis (saltern triplo longioribus quam latioribus), parallelis, septo angusto sejunctis constat. Color quoque feminae a maris colore multis rebus differt. Cephalothorax niger vel, praesertim postice, sub-testaceus est, squamulis viridi-aeneis et aureis ad maximam partem tectus, intermixtis saepe cupreis (in lateribus saepe squamulis cupreis vestitus); in medio inter oculos posticos vitta lata transversa nigricanti-aenea interdum conspicitur, et magis postice vestigia vittae fortiter recurvae nigricantis vidisse videor. Clypeus albicanti-pubescens; annuli circum oculos anticos lutei vel luteo-rubri, inferius albicantes. Sternum ut in mare. Mandibulae, maxillae et labium pallide fusca, hae saepe basi infuscatae. Palpi flavo-testacei, pallido-pubescentes. Pedes aut nigricantes, annulis testaceis, aut testacei, plus minus evidenter nigro-annulati et virescenti- alboque squamulosi. Abdomen supra squamulis obscure aeneis tectum est et pictura lutea vel flava e squamulis formata ornatum: in declivitate antica cingulus adest ad medium laterum ductus; posterius dorsum tres vittas transversas angustiores, apicibus paullulo retro curvatas habet, quarum antica, paullo ante medium dorsi sita, cum apicibus cinguli illius conjuncta est, postica paullo ante anum sita: interdum hae tres vittae omnes in apicibus dilatatae sunt, prima in medio quoque, postice; in spatio ante primam harum vittarum linea brevis longitudinalis adest, et inter vittas duas posteriores stria vel macula ejusdem coloris. Vulva nigra. Venter et mamillae ut in mare.

♂. Lg. corp. 7½; lg. cephaloth. 3⅓, lat. ej. paullo plus 2½, lat. front. paene 2 millim.; lg. abdomen plus 4, lat.ej. 1⅚ millim. Ped I 9 (pat + tib 3⅓). II 8 ½, III 7 ½, IV 8⅓ millim .; pat + tib. III 2 ⅓, pat . + tib. IV 2¾, metat. + tars. IV 3 millim. ♀. Lg. corp. 6⅘; lg. cephalth. 2⅘, lat. ej. 2, lat. front 1⅔ millim.; lg. abd. 4, lat ej. 2 millim. Ped I 4⅔, II 4 ⅓, III 5 ⅕, IV 6½; pat . + tib. III 1 ⅔, pat . +tib. IV 2, metat. + tars. IV 2 millim. Exempla multa (pleraque mascula) ad magnam partem detrita pulcherrimae hujus speciei vidi, quae differentia magna inter marem et feminam ut et longitudine pedum 11 paris in mare valde varianti conspicua est.

[294 in part:] Elenco del ragni. Finora osservati in Amboina . In questo elenco ho anche cercato di dare, per quanto me l'ha permesso la letteratura aracnologica per ora a me accessibile, una enumerazione completa delle località dove furono finora osservate le diverse specie di ragni abitanti Amboina ; nei casi in cui io stesso non ho veduto esemplari provenienti dalla località citata, ho aggiunto il nome dell' autore da cui ho attinta l' indicazione. Le notizie intorno alla sinonimia sono date soltanto per quelle specie che non sono state trattate nei presenti Studi (I e II). Le specie a me ignote sono segnate con un asterisco.

[311-312 in part] Gen. Maevia (C. L. Koch) 1848 . 130. M. viridi-fasciata (Dol.) 1859 . - Labuan (Cambr.); Amboina ; Nuova Guinea: Ramoi.

Si vede da questo catalogo — se si omettono le località che mi paiono incerte, e dopo le quali ho messo un segno d'interrogazione — che delle 134 specie annoverate, 79, o quasi 59%, furono finora osservate solamente in Amboina ; 55 specie, o più del 41%, sono comuni ad Amboina ed ad altre località. Fra queste 55 specie, 15 (cioè più dell' 11% del numero totale, 134) sono diffuse tanto all' ovest di Amboina (nell' Asia, particolarmente nell' Arcipelago Indo-Malese, e nell' Africa), quanto all'est di quest' isola (nell' Australia, la Papuasia sopratutto, e fino nell' America); 30 specie (più del 22%) sono state osservate solamente all' ovest, 10 specie (quasi 7½%) solamente all' est di Amboina . — Sei specie sono comuni ad Amboina ed all' Africa, cinque ad Amboina ed all' America: queste ( Nephilengys Malabarensis (Walck.) , Uloborus zosis id., Pholcus sisyphoides Dol. , Heteropoda venatoria (Linn.) e Icius (?) convergens (Dol.)) sono tutte specie circumtropicali. È molto sorprendente la cifra abbastanza scarsa di specie orientali (Papuane ecc.) finora trovate in Amboina , paragonata al gran numero di specie che quest' isola sembra abbia in comune coi paesi all'ovest. Ma questa cifra verrà senza dubbio aumentata di molto, quando l' Aracno-fauna della Nuova Guinea e delle isole adiacenti sarà meglio conosciuta; e mi pare pure probabile, che parecchie specie date dagli autori come comuni ad Amboina e Giava, non siano state correttamente determinate, e che per questo il numero delle specie occidentali debba subire qualche riduzione. Dei ragni della Nuova Guinea a me conosciuti (più di 50 specie), almeno 25% sono Pure abitanti d' Amboina . Pertanto io credo, che nonostante le cifre succitate, è molto probabile che la fauna aracnologica di Amboina appartenga al tipo Australiano (Papuano o Austro- Malese), piuttosto che all' Asiatico (Indo-Malese).

new English translation of text (Thorell 1878; note that translation from Latin is imprecise)

[5-8 in part:] II. Amboina spiders collected by Prof. O. Beccari. After the publication of the aforementioned works by Doleschall little has been added to our knowledge about the Arachno-Fauna of this island. Doleschall's collections of spiders in Amboina and other parts of the Indian Archipelago were donated by him to the Zoological Museum of Leiden, and Yan Hasselt recently published a list of species in this collection that were still in sufficient conservation status to be determined. One species on this list, Pholcus elongatus Vins. , is not described in the works of Doleschall, but I believe that this author has included it in his Pholcus phalangioides Walck. Furthermore, Van Hasselt speaks of a new species of " Attus " (without giving its name or description) related to Salticus fimbriatus Dol., Which he will call Sinnis (?) Hasseltiì; he also gives a colored figure of Epeira caput lupi Dol. , and makes various observations on other species. In the first part of the present studies, among the species common to Celebes and other localities I mentioned 14 of Amboina , all collected by Prof. Beccari, which had not previously been observed on this island; therefore the number of Amboina species already known would seem to reach 91. The collection of Amboina spiders made by Prof. Beccari and now preserved in the Civic Museum of Genoa contains, beyond a few forms that I have not been able to determine or describe, 100 different species; a much greater number than were known by Doleschall. Of these species, 50 belong to the Orbitelariae, 13 to the Retitelariae, 6 to the Tubitelariae, 7 to the Laterigradae, 5 to the Citigradae and 19 to the Saltigradae. Some were collected in 1873, but most of them were gathered by Prof. Beccari in the short space of a single month, December 1874! The species are mostly represented by several specimens, and many by a large number, generally of both sexes, and truly this collection can be considered as one of the most interesting and richest that has been brought to Europe from intertropical regions. Of the 100 species contained in it and enumerated in the following descriptive catalog, 43 are already described or cited by Doleschall and another 14 by me (loc. cit.); 43 are new to Amboina and 37 of them seem not yet described. Of the species mentioned by Doleschall and Van Hasselt, 34 are missing from Prof. Beccari's materials; therefore the total number of species of spiders known to be inhabitants of Amboina is brought by this collection to 134, that is not much less than the double of those that Doleschall has introduced us to.

The great preponderance in number of the Orbitelariae and Saltigradae, and especially of the first group (to which half of the species collected by Prof. Beccari belong) is very surprising; it can in part be attributed to the fact that these groups in Amboina , as in Celebes and in general in the tropical regions, are much more richly represented than the others; but doubtless it also depends, and indeed more particularly, on the greatest ease with which the species of these sections can be collected. Therefore a judgment on the relative richness of species of the different groups, obtained from the above figures, would be premature, as in the case of Celebes. The same could be said if we wanted to come to generalities around the geographical distribution of the species and the upper sections; therefore I will limit myself to giving at the end of the directory of the collection in question, a catalog of all the spiders found so far in Amboina , with the addition of the other localities in which, as far as I know, they have been observed; letting the reader draw from this information those conclusions that he will believe best. The following list of the species included in the collection of Prof. Beccari contains descriptions of the new or little known species, with those observations on the others that I believed could be useful to the generality of Arachnologists. I find it convenient to give rather long descriptive notes of most of the species already illustrated by Doleschall since, although the descriptions and figures of this author are good for his time, and the specimens collected in Amboina can in general be easily determined with them, yet it is very rare that they are sufficient for the reliable determination of spiders from other locations. So far we know only a small part of the Arachnological Fauna outside Europe, and the Malay Archipelago and Papua are no exceptions in this respect, although they are better known for their spiders than most other intertropical regions. The study of the spiders of Celebes and Amboina , and the small number of species (25) known to be common to these two islands (a number which forms only about two ninths of the number of species found so far in the first of these islands and a little less than one fifth of those known about the other), lead me to believe that the various islands of the Malay Archipelago and Papua are inhabited by largely different species, but probably often very similar to each other and not always easily distinguishable. Therefore I believe that the epoch in which the descriptions of the spiders of these parts of the world will be short and sufficient at the same time is very far away. Sori (Liguria) April 15, 1878.

[278-283:] 97. [ Maevia ] M. viridi-fasciata (Doleschall) , ♂ adult length 5½-7½ mm: Cephalothorax black, the head brick in colour, with two recurved transverse lines on top and a triangular spot at the posterior margin that are coppery green; legs black and white-ringed, coppery and white scaled; abdomen coppery green, a white recurved line at the front extending to the middle on either side, two white spots on either side of the dorsum, behind in the middle of the dorsum a short lanceolate coppery area, and behind a series of spots or at least the same spot near the anus; venter dark bronze with six white spots in two series, the rear two large and oblong; the RTA short and divided into two lobes, the superior lobe appearing from above to be a spine, the inferior lobe terminating in a hook. ♀ adult length 5½-6⅘ mm: Cephalothorax black, mostly covered with with coppery-green, coppery and gold scales, ornamented with two more or less distinct black lines; abdomen indistinctly coppery above, pained yellow or blonde, a recurved transverse line at the front declivity extending laterally to the middle, three transverse lines behind this and a distinct longitudinal anterior median line at the front; legs and venter as in the male.

Syn.: 1859. Salticus viridifasciatus Dol., Tweede Bijdr. , cet., loc. cit., p.19 (= ♂).

1859. Attus viridifasciatus id., ibid ., Tab. Ill, fig. 8 (= ♂).

1859. Salticus fulvovittatus id., ibid ., p. 20, Tab. V, fig. 3 (= ♀).

Male. — Cephalothorax almost equal to the patella + tibia + half of the metatarsus of leg IV, about ⅓ longer than wide, amply and strongly enough rounded on the sides and rear, except at the front where it is strongly narrowed, the lateral sides of the head are parallel; the front moderately rounded, about ¼ narrower than the thorax. Above in the middle, just behind the posterior eyes, a slightly recurved strong impression and small sulcus in the middle of the cephalothorax, and nearby, slight eyelashes of the posterior eyes are expressed; in addition a second frontal margin above a brief line of dense, sub-erect hairs, intermixed with long hairs, is present, and as a comb (if they are not worn inside), forming two short pencils. The cephalothorax is very tall, anterodorsally and behind the posterior eyes (in a middle dorsal position) slightly downward sloping and convex, the posterior slope at the top half as short and not very steep. Clypeus very tall, with a height that exceeds half the diameter of the AME; the AME more than twice the ALE, nearly triple the minors and half the diameter of the ALE distant. Ocular quadrangle occupies more than ⅓, almost ⅖, of the length of the cephalothorax; this rectangle is, just ¼ wider than long, at the rear not much (hardly twice the diameter of the eyes) narrower than the cephalothorax at the same place. The PME minute, located nearly in the middle between the ALE and the PLE. The PLE slightly larger and set higher than the ALE; the distance between the PLE appears to be less than their distance from the margin of the cephalothorax. Sternum short and inversely oval-round, the coxae much wider; the distance between the coxae of legs I exceeds the width of the labium. The chelicerae almost straight but extend slightly, in parallel, a narrow space left between them; they are sub-cylindrical, wide at the apex and obliquely truncated, somewhat thicker than the patellae of legs I, their length exceeding the height of their face, three times as long as wide; on the back right side, towards the top, the longitudinal rib thin walled and more inward, toward the top, where they are under-excavator flattened, are slightly slanted equipped with a trench extending transverse streaks, also leathery, slightly hairy. The anterior fang groove, at the base of the fang, armed with a strong tooth, the medial (anterior and posterior) margins of the fang groove with small teeth, and in addition small teeth can be seen on the medial sulcus. The fangs are long and, except at the base, thin. The maxillae long, sub-ovate, about half longer than the labium, with a wide apex and, medially, obliquely truncated, the shape of the lateral distal edge slightly dilated and rounded, not or slightly prominent; labium much longer than wide, distally slightly truncated and narrower. Pedipalps thin, the width of the tip about the same, the patella sub-cylindrical, almost twice as long as wide; the tibia seen from above slightly shorter, at the apex versus the rest slightly thicker, about half longer than wide at the end (the patella is longer at the lateral ventral side): the apex of the tibia is markedly extended into two lobes, the superior lobe obtuse rather than narrow (seen from above there appears to be a short anterior spine), the inferior lobe bearing a curved spine. The tarsus of the pedipalp longer than the tibia by half, with an obtuse apex; the tegulum small, round, low: at the middle lateral side a very long thin spine emerges, first directed to the rear and then curved around the bulb, the apex as long as the apex of the patella. Length of legs unremarkable; legs I sometimes, in most examples, will exceed the length of the rest, in some legs IV are longer than the rest. The legs are thin, particularly distally, the anterior legs slightly more robust; The femora of legs I are compressed and curved above, the metatarsi much thinner than the tibiae. Tibiae twice as long as the patellae; tibia plus patella of leg IV longer than the tibia plus patella of leg III, but shorter than the metatarsus plus the tarsus of leg IV. Patella of leg IV appears to be slightly cruder but longer than the patella of leg III; the tibia of leg IV is slightly narrower than the patella at the base. All femora, posterior patellae, tibiae and metatarsi armed with thin spines; spines of the anterior tibiae 2.2.2 below, in front 1.1, anterior metatarsi 2.2 below, and, on legs II, 1 anterior (at the apex). Metatarsi of legs IV not at the apex but spined at the middle and the base. Abdomen long and narrow, about 2 and one half times longer than wide, sub-lanceolate. Spinnerets long, sub-cylindrical, the upper (posterior lateral) longer and narrower than the lower (anterior lateral), the second segment not longer than wide, obtuse. Color. — Cephalothorax black, ornamented with two wide transverse lines comprised of green-bronze scales (mixed with coppery) and a large triangular spot of the same colour at the posterior margin, laterally on both sides of the head green-bronze; anterior line slightly behind the front margin (which is covered narrowly with dense black hairs) is slightly recurved, posterior line from the middorsal impression leads to the rear and is curved, reaching the lateral margin on either side; in addition the cephalothorax is covered with black scales, except for the clypeus, which has some white, and rings around the anterior eyes, which are mostly white or grey. Sternum black, with white hairs and green-bronze scales. Chelicerae black-brown or brown. Endites and labium black-brown, but distally pale. Pedipalps yellow, the base of the femur and all of the tarsus (except the pale base) blackish; the femur in part, all of the patella and tibia with the base of the tarsus (cymbium) are covered with white above, the distal tarsus (cymbium) nonetheless black-haired. Legs either blackish, with pale rings, or brick-colour, with or without evident blackish rings; green-bronze and white scales form spots or rings on the legs. Venter of abdomen black, above mostly covered with more or less obscure gree-bronze scales; a tramsverse line is present in the anterior declivity, which is continuous to on either side, reaching half-way to the rear; a narrow anterodorsal, lanceolate multicoloured line of coppery, blue, greenish or white colours is present, and to either side, to the rear, dorsal white spots or two small white lines, these spots or four lines are arranged in a square: the anterior two are joined with the apex line in a middorsal longitudinal position, the two posterior in the middle between thes and the anus; spots just above the anus or a longitudial series of moderate colour bands are also seen. The lower sides and venter bear obscure bronze scales: on both sides of the belly, and the groove between the epigastric groove and the spinnerets are a series of three white spots extended by six spots behind these two spinnerets, and slightly in front of the spinnerets, mostly oblong. The spinnerets black.

Female very different from the male, as is the shape of the cephalothorax, which is much less tall, slightly longer, and less strongly rounded at the lateral margins than that of the male: the front therefore is not much narrower than the thorax and only slightly rounded; the distance between the PLE is slightly greater than their distance from the lateral margin of the cephalothorax; the height of the clypus barely exceeds ¼ the diameter of the AME; a front line of short, sub-erect hairs seems to be lacking (?). Further we have the cephalothorax, eyes and sternum in the female. Chelicerae straight, parallel, of ordinary form, now twice as long as wide, on top slightly convex, angles smooth and sleek; the fang groove armed with a single small medial tooth on the front and back. Legs short, narrower toward the apex, legs IV longer; tibia not much (now half for leg IV) longer than patella, metatarsus plus tarsus of leg IV shorter than tibia plus patella of the same leg. Spines of the legs as in the male. Abdomen short and thicker than in male, twice as long as wide, narrowly ovate. Epigynum with two long and very narrow (about three times as long as wide) pits, parallel, narrowly separated by the septum. The colour of each female differs from the male in many ways. Cephalothorax black or, particularly at the rear, near brick-colour, covered with green-bronze and gold scales for the most part, often intermixed with copper (the sides often covered with coppery scales; in the middle between the posterior eyes can be seen a wide, transverse, blackish-bronze line, and further to the rear the signs of a stronger, recurved blackish line may be seen. Clypeus with white hairs; rings around the anterior eyes off-white to off-white-red, white below. Sternum as in the male. Chelicerae, endites and labium light brown, often darker at the base. Pedipalps brick-yellow, slightly hairy. Legs either black with brick-coloured rings, or brick-coloured, with more or less visible black rings and overlaid with greenish scales. Abdomen above covered with obscure bronze scales and ornamented with a pattern of whitish or yellow scales: these lead from the anterior to the middle on the sides, the posterior dorsum has three narrow transverse lines, the furthest slightly curved, whose front, situated a little before the middle of the dorsum, is joined with the ends of the bands, the posterior situated slightly before the anus: sometimes all three lines are dilated at the apex, first in the middle and posterior; in the position before the first of these lines is a short longitudinal line, and between the two posterior lines a spot of the same colour. Epigynum black. Venter and spinnerets as in the male.

♂. Body length 7½, cephalothorax length 3⅓, width slightly more than 2½, width at front almost 2 mm; abdomen length more than 4, width 1⅚ mm. Leg I 9 (patella + tibia 3⅓), leg II 8 ½, leg III 7 ½, leg IV 8⅓ mm . Patella + tibia III 2 ⅓, patella + tibia IV 2¾, metatarsus + tarsus IV 3 mm . ♀. Body length 6⅘; cephalothorax length 2⅘, width 2, width at front 1⅔ mm; abdomen length 4, width 2 mm. Leg I 4⅔, II 4 ⅓, III 5 ⅕, IV 6½ mm; patella + tibia III 1 ⅔, patella + tibia IV 2, metatarsus + tarsus IV 2 mm . Many specimens (most males) for the most part display the beauty of this species, what differs greatly between males and females is that the length of leg I in the male is distinctly variable.

[294 in part:] List of spiders so far observed in Amboina . In this list I have also tried to give, as far as the arachnological literature that is accessible to me so far, a complete enumeration of the places where the different species of Amboina-dwelling spiders have been observed up to now; in cases in which I myself have not seen specimens from the mentioned locality, I have added the name of the author from whom I have drawn the indication. Information about synonymy is given only for those species that have not been dealt with in the present Studies (I and II). Species unknown to me are marked with an asterisk.

[311-312 in part] Genus Maevia (C. L. Koch) 1848 . 130. M. viridi-fasciata (Dol.) 1859 . - Labuan (Cambr.); Amboina ; Nuova Guinea: Ramoi.

It can be seen from this catalog - if we omit the localities that seem uncertain to me, and after which I have put a question mark, that of the 134 counted species, 79, or almost 59%, have so far been observed only in Amboina ; 55 species, or more than 41%, are common in Amboina and other localities. Among these 55 species, 15 (i.e. more than 11% of the total number, 134) are widespread both west of Amboina (in Asia, particularly in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, and in Africa), as well as in the east of this island (in Australia, especially Papua, and up to America); 30 species (more than 22%) were observed only in the west, 10 species (almost 7½%) only in the east of Amboina . Six species are common to Amboina and Africa, five to Amboina and America: these ( Nephilengys Malabarensis (Walck.) , Uloborus zosis id., Pholcus sisyphoides Dol. , Heteropoda venatoria (Linn.) And Icius (?) convergens (Dol.)) are all circumtropical species. The rather scarce number of oriental species (Papuan, etc.) found in Amboina so far is very surprising, compared to the large number of species that this island seems to have in common with the countries to the west. But this figure will undoubtedly be greatly increased when the Arachno-fauna of New Guinea and adjacent islands is better known, and it also seems probable to me that several species given by the authors as common to Amboina and Java have not been correctly determined, and that for this reason the number of western species must undergo some reduction. Of the spiders of New Guinea known to me (more than 50 species), at least 25% are pure inhabitants of Amboina . Therefore I believe that, despite the above figures, it is very likely that the arachnological fauna of Amboina belongs to the Australian type (Papuan or Austro-Malayan), rather than to the Asian (Indo-Malayan) type.

from Simon 1901 (p. 548-549, figs. 659(F)-660(G), ♂)

Figures 659-660: F. Cosmophasis viridifasciata Dol. Face et chélicéres ♂. G. Id. P. M. ♂.] F. Cosmophasis viridifasciata

Dol. Face and chelicera ♂. G. Pedipalp of same ♂.]

Le genre Cosmophasis , répandu dans l'Inde, à Ceylan, dans l'Indo-Chine et surtout en Malaisie et en Australie, est aussi représenté dans l'Afrique tropicale occidentale ( C. caerulea E. Sim. ) et orientale ( C. nigrocyanea E. Sim. ) et à Madagascar; les espèces de Malaisie ( C. viridifasciata Dol. , thalassina C. K. [ Amycus splendens L. Koch ], micans L. Koch , etc.) sont des plus brillantes, étant revêtues de squamules, tantôt d'un violet irisé, tantôt d'un vert doré, disposées sur le céphalothorax en larges zones transverses, sur l'abdomen en bandes longitudinales séparées par des espaces très noirs, parfois par des lignes et des taches blanches; leur large bandeau est garni de barbes blanches plurisériées; leurs pattes sont d'un jaune pâle et souvent rayées de noir; les espèces africaines ( C. nigrocyanea , caerulea E. Sim. ) sont aussi d'un vert métallique ou d'un bleu d'acier, avec de grosses macules blanches sur l'abdomen. C. bitaeniata Keyserl. (1) et quelques autres espèces australiennes ont l'abdomen d'un jaune doré coupé de ceintures blanches lisérées de noir; beaucoup d'espèces plus petites ( C. laticlavia Th., Collingwoodi Cambr. , quadricincta , miniaceomicans, Weyersi E. Sim. (2), etc., etc.), sont en partie d'un beau rouge, en partie d'un vert pâle métallique, diversement disposés. [(1) Keyserling a décrit deux fois cette espèce dans le mème ouvrage, le mâle sous le nom de Sobara bitaeniata , la femelle sons le nom de Selaophora rubra . (2) J'avais rapporté les deux dernières au genre Vellutus .

new English translation of text (Simon 1901)

The genus Cosmophasis , widespread in India, Ceylon, Indochina and especially in Malaysia and Australia, is also represented in tropical western ( C. caerulea E. Sim. ) and eastern Africa ( C. nigrocyanea E. Sim. ) and Madagascar; the Malaysian species ( C. viridifasciata Dol. , thalassina C. K. [ Amycus splendens L. Koch ], micans L. Koch , etc.) are the most brilliant, being covered with scales, sometimes of an iridescent purple, sometimes of a golden green, arranged on the cephalothorax in large transverse bands, on the abdomen in longitudinal bands separated by very black areas, sometimes by white lines and spots; their wide band is trimmed with white, multiserial setae; their legs are pale yellow and often striped with black; the African species ( C. nigrocyanea , caerulea E. Sim. ) are also metallic green or steel blue, with large white spots on the abdomen. C. bitaeniata Keyserl. (1) and some other Australian species have a golden yellow abdomen with white bands edged with black; many smaller species ( C. laticlavia Th, Collingwoodi Cambr. , quadricincta , miniaceomicans, Weyersi E. Sim. (2), etc., etc.), are partly beautiful red, partly a pale metallic green, variously arranged. [(1) Keyserling has described this species twice in the same work, the male under the name of Sobara bitaeniata , the female under the name of Selaophora rubra . (2) I had referred the last two to the genus Vellutus .

from Merian 1911 (p. 307-308, figs. R1, S1, T1)

Figures R1, S1, T1 : Fig. R1 . Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Dol.) ♂ aus Mapane. Linke Chelicere.

Fig. S1 (same) von unten. Fig. T1 . (same) ♂ aus Mapane. Taster. Fig. R1 . Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Dol.) ♂ from Mapane. Left chelicera. Fig. S1 (same) from below. Fig. T1 . (same)

♂ from Mapane. Pedipalp. [ Fig T1 , right pedipalp shown, mirror image added at right of figures here for comparison]

Cosmophasis Simon 1901 . Die Gattung bewohnt Indien, Ceylon, tropisches West- und Ost-Afrika, Madagaskar, Indochina, Indoaustralischer Archipel, Australien und Gebiete von Polynesien. Die im Folgenden genannten Spinnen sind von Herr Simon als Cosmophasis bezeichnet worden. Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Dol.) . (Textfig. R1, S1, T1.) Soviel nach der Beschreibung und Abbildung von Doleschall zu ersehen ist, stimmen die vorliegenden Exemplare mit der (Tweede Bijd., p. 19 und tab. 3, fig. 8) dargestellten Art überein. Identisch mit dieser Art sind Maevia ombria Thorell (Ragni di Selebes, p. 248-251) und Thiania albocincta Thorell (ibid., p. 251-254); identisch ist auch nach Thorell, und wie ich auch glaube, Salticus fulvovittatus Dol. (Tw. Bijdr., p. 20 und tab. 5, fig. 3). - 3 männliche Exemplare aus Zentral-Celebes sind unter sich gleich; ob ein weibliches aus der Minahassa derselben Art zugehörig ist, bleibt fraglich. Für die Form des Cephalothorax, dessen Besetzung mit Haaren und dessen Färbung, sowie für die Lage der Augen, ist das von Simon (Vol. 2, p. 542 und 549) Gesagte massgebend; Ergänzungen verlangen nur die Beschreibungen der Cheliceren (s. auch Thorell, Ragni di Selebes, p. 249) und der männlichen Palpen; hierfür verweise ich auf die hier gegebenen Zeichnungen, für welche nur zu bemerken ist, dass an den Palpen ausserordentlich zahlreich vorhandene Borsten und Haarreihen nicht dargestellt sind, um das Bild der charakteristischen Teile nicht zu stören. Das Endglied der männlichen Taster ist am scharf abgeschnittenen Ende überaus reich mit feinen kurzen Härchen von hellgelber Farbe besetzt; eine wenig tiefe Grube ausserhalb des Geisselfeldes (deren Umgrenzung in der Zeichnung angedeutet ist) ist ringsum mit derben schwarzen Härchen dicht besetzt; zahlreiche lange Borsten finden sich ohne bestimmte Anordnung an den Seiten des Endgliedes. - Für die Chelicere der männlichen Spinne ist der seitliche nach innen gerichtete starke Zahn an der Basis der Klaue besonders typisch; aus den von verschiedenen Seiten aufgenommenen Zeichungen ergibt sich Grosse und Lage der einzelnen Zähne. Dichte Haarbüschel und lange Borsten sind den Klauenrändern aufgesetzt. Beim weiblichen Exemplar fehlt der starke inuere Chelicerenzahn an der Basis der Klaue, die beiden kleinen Zähne auf derselben Seite sind etwas weiter voneinander entfernt als bei den männlichen Exemplaren.

Die Färbung der männlichen Spinnen ist braunschwarz, am vordern Teil des Cephalothorax und auf den Seiten des Abdomens grün irisierend; rings um den Cephalothorax zieht ein Band weisser Härchen. Von einem Querband vorn am Abdomen ausgehend zieht je ein weisslicher Streifen den Abdomenseiten entlang, ein ähnlicher Längsstreifen findet sich auf dem Rücken des Abdomens . Die Beine sind dunkelbraun, von den Palpen bt das Anfangs- und das Endglied dunkel, der Rest hellgelblich. 2 ♂♂. Flachland von Mapane. 1 ♂. Posso-See. Die weibliche Spinne ist hell bräunlich, zeigt aber im übrigen dieselbe Zeichnung wie die Männchen; am Ende des Abdomens , kurz vor den Spinnwarzen, fällt ein grünschimmerndes Band auf . Die Bauchseite des abdomens zeigt ein breites dunkles Längsband. 1 ♀. Kema. Während die männlichen Exemplare mit der von Thorell gegebenen Beschreibung von Maevia ombria ♂ nach der Ausbildung der Cheliceren und der Färbung der Spinne übereinstimmen, entspricht das weibliche der Beschreibung für Thiania albocincta ♀; wir könnten es danach bei den beobachteten abweichenden Charakteren mit geschlechtlichen Unterschieden zu tun haben, bei der Gruppe der Chrysilleae sind starke geschlechtliche Differenzen schon beobachtet worden, aber die im Folgenden zu beschreibende Art scheint gegen diese Auffassung zu sprechen oder diese doch wesentlich zu stören. Die Art ist schon aus Java, Celebes (Kendari) und Amboina bekannt.

new English translation of text (Merian 1911)

Cosmophasis Simon 1901 . The genus inhabits India, Ceylon, tropical West and East Africa, Madagascar, Indochina, the East Indies, Australia and areas of Polynesia. The spiders named below have been called Cosmophasis by Simon. Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Dol.) . (Text figures R1, S1, T1.) As far as can be seen from the description and illustration by Doleschall, the present specimens correspond to the type shown (Tweede Bijdr., p. 19 and tab. 3, fig. 8). Identical to this species are Maevia ombria Thorell (Ragni di Selebes, p. 248-251) and Thiania albocincta Thorell (ibid., p. 251-254); also identical according to Thorell, and, as I also believe, is Salticus fulvovittatus Dol. (Tw. Bijdr., p. 20 and tab. 5, fig. 3). - 3 males from Central Celebes are the same; whether a female from the Minahassa belongs to the same species remains questionable. What Simon said (Vol. 2, pp. 542 and 549) is decisive for the shape of the cephalothorax, its structure with hair and its color, as well as for the position of the eyes; Only the descriptions of the chelicerae (see also Thorell, Ragni di Selebes, p. 249) and the male palps require additions. For this purpose I refer to the drawings given here, for which it should only be noted that the extremely numerous bristles and rows of hairs present on the palps are not shown in order not to disturb the image of the characteristic parts. At the sharply cut end, the terminal segment of the male pedipalp is extremely richly covered with fine, short hairs of a light yellow color; a little deep pit outside the setal field (the border of which is indicated in the drawing) is densely covered with coarse black hairs all around; numerous long bristles are found on the sides of the terminal segment without any particular arrangement. - For the chelicerae of the male spider, the strong lateral inwardly directed tooth at the base of the fang is particularly typical. The size and position of the individual teeth is the result of drawings taken from different sides. Dense tufts of hair and long bristles are attached to the fang edges. In the female specimen the strong inner cheliceral tooth at the base of the fang is absent, and the two small teeth on the same side are a little further apart than in the male specimens.

The coloring of the male spiders is brown-black, iridescent green on the anterior part of the cephalothorax and on the sides of the abdomen. A band of white hairs runs around the cephalothorax. Starting from a transverse band at the front of the abdomen, a whitish stripe runs along the sides of the abdomen, a similar longitudinal stripe is found on the back of the abdomen. The legs are dark brown, the first and last limbs of the palps are dark, the rest light yellow. 2 ♂♂. Mapane plains. 1 ♂. Posso Lake. The female spider is light brownish, but otherwise shows the same appearance as the males; at the end of the abdomen, just before the spinnerets, there is a shimmering green band. The ventral side of the abdomen shows a broad, dark longitudinal band. 1 ♀. Kema. While the male specimens agree with the description of the ♂ Maevia ombria given by Thorell with respect to the formation of the chelicerae and the color of the spider, the female corresponds to the description for the ♀ Thiania albocincta ; according to this, we could be dealing with sexual differences in the observed deviating characters. In the Chrysilleae group, strong sexual differences have already been observed, but the species to be described below [ C. masarangi n. sp.] seems to speak against this view or to disturb it significantly. This species [ C. viridifasciata ] is known from Java, Celebes (Kendari) and Amboina .

Figures

Figure 1. Known occurrence of Cosmophasis species in Sunda, Sahul and adjacent oceanic islands. Better-known species are identified in the key at upper right. See Appendix 1 for identification of the other species, most know from a single locality, by number. The new species described here are from Ambon and the Banda Islands within the Wallacean region (small yellow rectangle near the center), shown in more detail in Figure 2. Localities are based on references cited in Appendix 1, as well as reliable photographs posted in iNaturalist and FLICKR. Note that some records of C. thalassina (52, generally found to the south) and C. umbratica (57, generally found to the north) are most likely confused, as separation of these species may not be possible. Background image courtesy of NASA/USGS/Landsat.