Anurocampa abelardochaconi, Chacón & St Laurent, 2023

Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel & Carneiro, Eduardo, 2023, Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages, Zootaxa 5306 (4), pp. 401-426 : 418-422

Anurocampa abelardochaconi, Chacón & St Laurent sp. nov. ( Figs 18–20 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1528A997-76FD-49DB-8066-389BFBABA402

Type material. Holotype. 1 ♂ COSTA RICA: INBIOCRI001080279 (COI Barcoded), Prov. San José, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.14889 -83.95190, 20 February 1983, Isidro Chacón ( MNCR) . Paratypes, (Total: 25 ♂, 6 ♀) COSTA RICA: Prov. San Jose : 1 ♂: INBIOCRI001073453 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.14889 -83.95190, 1 March 1985, Abelardo Chacón & Isidro Chacón ( MNCR) . 6 ♂♂: INB0003007210 , INB0003007216 , INB0003007217 INB0003007218 , INB0003007221 , INB0003007212 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 August 1984, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♂: INB0003011959 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.14889 -83.95190, 1 March 1985, Abelardo Chacón & Isidro Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♂: INB0003007224 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 February 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 5 ♂♂: INB0003007214 , INB0003007219 , INB0003007230 , INB0003007231 , INB0003007233 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 April 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 3 ♂♂: INB0003007220 , INB0003007222 , INB0003007227 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.14889 -83.95190, 1 May 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♂: INB0003007213 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.14889 -83.95190, 1 January 1985, Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♂: INBIOCRI001080284 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , Sendero La Botella 700 m, 10.16517 -83.95731, 1 April1983, Hesterberg, R. L. ( MNCR) . 3 ♂♂: INB0003007228 , INB0003007229 , INB0003007232 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 July 1984, Isidro Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♀: INB0003011961 , Prov. San José, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal , Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 March 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 2 ♀♀: INB0003007239 , INB0003007238 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 April 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♀: INB0003007240 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , 700 m, 10.16065 -83.95645, 1 May 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón ( MNCR) . 1 ♀: INBIOCRI001080314 , Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo , Estación Carrillo , Sendero La Botella 700 m, 10.16517 -83.95731, 1 April 1983, Hesterberg, R. L. ( MNCR) . Prov. Limón: 1 ♂: INB0003031644 Pococí, Guápiles, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central , Pococí , Reserva Forestal , Quebrada Molinete , 500 m, 10,178 69 -83,92266 28 August 1986, Isidro Chacón ( MNCR) . Prov. Heredia: 2 ♂♂: INBIOCRI000210289 , INBIOCRI000210311 , Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Estación El Ceibo 400 m, 10.32804 -84.08042, 1 April 1990, Carlos Chávez ( MNCR) . 1 ♀: INBIOCRI000210767 . Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Estación El Ceibo 400 m, 10.32804 -84.08042, 1 April 1990, Carlos Chávez ( MNCR) . All of these specimens were collected in light traps, and none of their localities overlap with the localities of A. markhastingsi sp. nov..

Etymology. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. is named in honor of Sr. Abelardo Chacon (RIP) of San Jose, Costa Rica, in recognition of his pioneering participation in the field collections for the national biodiversity insect inventory of Área de Conservación Guanacaste and for the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversity (INBio) in Santo Domingo de Heredia. The name is a masculine noun in the genitive case.

Diagnosis. Externally mostly similar to A. mingens due to the somewhat lighter coloration overall than in A. cf. orousseti and A. markhastingsi sp. nov. as well as by the presence of a dark submarginal line and more well-defined discal spot (females A. markhastingsi sp. nov. may have a less well-defined submarginal line). While it may be possible to differentiate A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. and A. markhastingsi sp. nov. in the field in Costa Rica due to the aforementioned characters, we recommend examination of the terminalia to be certain of identification since the two species are very similar. The most immediately apparent morphological feature is the absence of a pair of VIII tergite pits in male A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. (present in all other examined Anurocampa species), and these should be discernable by brushing scales from the terminal abdominal segments so as not to require a full genitalia dissection. If genitalia are examined, the narrow, triangular uncus and a well-developed subapical pair of spines on the valvae combined with a narrow phallus all help to differentiate this new species from A. markhastingsi sp. nov.. Anurocampa markhastingsi sp. nov. and A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. have conspicuously different DNA barcodes (BIN BOLD:AAB4585 vs. BIN BOLD:AAT9497).

Description. Adult. Male. Head: As for previous species. Thorax: As for previous species except: Forewing length 48–49 mm, wingspan 94–99 mm (n = 2); forewing dorsum ground color light to deep green with fine irroration of gray and black scales giving much of the wing hoary appearance. Overall wing pattern poorly defined due to hoary appearance, but faint wavy antemedial and postmedial lines present and most complete costally, submarginal region lighter gray than medial or antemedial region with a dark brown zigzagging submarginal line. Discal spot present, crescent shaped, lighter patch present midway along costa that reaches to roughly halfway to inner margin, white patch overlaid by green, gray, and black scales, overall patch not strongly contrasting against medial area of wing. Forewing ventrum mostly unmarked, medial band very faint. Hindwing without distinct markings, coloration dark brown underlaid with yellow-tan. Hindwing ventrum as for hindwing dorsum but more yellow-brown than gray-brown and usually stronger, straighter medial line. Abdomen: Very similar to previous species, but VIII sternite lacking mesal pits ( Fig. 19d ). Genitalia ( Fig. 19a–c ) (n = 2) Vinculum broadly ovoid, somewhat triangular dorsally. Tegumen weakly defined.Uncus somewhat elongate, forming an isosceles triangle.Socii simple, fingerlike, upcurved more heavily sclerotized than uncus, barely reaching roughly halfway to uncus apex. Gnathos absent. Valvae narrow, costal region slightly more strongly sclerotized than remainder of valvae, subapical region of valvae with strongly sclerotized pair of teeth. Juxta a simple flat structure. Phallus short, broadest distally, somewhat flattened, distally covered in short spines ventrally, with spines continuing on to cover the thick, balloon-like vesica, coecum phallus constricted giving phallus overall much narrower appearance than in previous species. When viewed from ventral or dorsal aspect, phallus broadened on either terminus.

Female. Sexual dimorphism most notable in size difference with females being roughly 1.5 times size of males. Head: As for male but antennae slimmer with shorter pectinations. Thorax: As for male. Forewing length 63–70 mm, wingspan 129–148 mm (n=3); as for male but costal white patch less contrasting and appearing stretched farther along costa and more toward anal angle, overall coloration lighter than in male, particularly antemedially and submarginally. Hindwing as in male but broader and lighter due to less dark brown scales. Frenulum with numerous tightly packed bristles. Abdomen: As for male but more robust, eighth sternite and tergite simple, lacking the pits on variable sclerotization of males. Genitalia ( Fig. 20 ) (n = 3) tergite VIII broadly rectangular with posterior margin outwardly project. Apophyses anteriores small, fingerlike; apophyses posteriores extremely fine, crisscrossing each other and held parallel to VIII segment margin, their length slightly less than VIII–IX/X intersegmental width. Lamella antevaginalis a weakly sclerotized plate embedded in membrane; lamella postvaginalis a more sclerotized band. Ductus broad, thickly membraned with a single sclerotized band embedded near terminus of ductus bursae; corpus bursae small and baglike, only moderately larger than ductus; papillae anales large and broad, papillae anales covered in relatively short, fine setae.

Life history. Unknown. All Anurocampa larvae reared to adults in Costa Rica resulted in A. markhastingsi sp. nov..

Distribution. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. has been collected with light traps in rain forest on the eastern slope of Cordillera Volcánica Central. The elevational range for the species is 400–700 m, conspicuously lower than that of A. markhastingsi sp. nov.. There is no geographic overlap of the ranges of the two newly described species.

Remarks. Initially, COI barcodes called our attention to these two morphologically cryptic Anurocampa in Costa Rica ( Fig. 21 ). Further examination of the barcodes in the context of A. mingens from Brazil and A. cf. orousseti from French Guiana emphasize the recognition of the two newly described taxa. Although differences are low, expectedly considering limited available genetic data, the morphology suggests that the two Costa Rican taxa are more closely related to the Amazonian population of A. cf. orousseti than to A. mingens from southeastern Brazil. Further genetic data and sampling from across South America is warranted.

Figures

FIGURE 18. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. (San José, Costa Rica): a) male holotype dorsal view; b) male holotype ventral view; c) female paratype dorsal view; d) female paratype ventral view.

FIGURE 19. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. (San José, Costa Rica): a) male genitalia ventral view; b) phallus ventral view; c) phallus lateral view; d) abdominal integument (tergites left, sternites right).

FIGURE 20. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. (San José, Costa Rica): Female genitalia: a) dorsal view; b) ventral view.

FIGURE 21. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred with IQ-TREE based on the COI marker and rooted to Naprepa flexifera. Branch supports indicated as SH-aLRT/UFBoot.