Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis ( Willemse, 1921 )

Jiang, Bing, Wang, Haojie, Storozhenko, Sergey Yu. & Huang, Jianhua, 2019, Notes on the grasshopper genera Longgenacris You & Li, 1983 and Fruhstorferiola Willemse, 1922 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with proposal of a new synonym, Zootaxa 4624 (3), pp. 397-406 : 401-402

Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis ( Willemse, 1921)

Figs. 18–44

Fruhstorferia tonkinensis Willemse, 1921: 16 (holotype—female, Vietnam [= Tonkin], Than-Moi; deposited in K. K. Hofmuseum Wien).

Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Willemse, 1922: 4 ; Rehn & Rehn, 1944: 20; Willemse, 1957: 488; Zheng, 1993: 106; Jiang & Zheng, 1998: 118; Li et al., 2006: 219; Kim & Pham, 2014: 56.

Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng & Wei, 2003: 482 [483] (holotype—male, China: Xiaolong, Yizhou, Guangxi), syn. nov.

Type locality: VIETNAM (Than-Moi).

Type material examined. Longgenacris rufiantennus , holotype male, CHINA: Xiaolong, Yizhou , Guangxi, 20 April 2001, Shizhen Wei leg.; two females paratypes, data same as holotype (all types are deposited in Shaanxi Normal University) . Other material examined: 5 males and 13 females, CHINA: Sanka, Minqiang , Longzhou County, Guangxi, 3 August 2012, Tao Wei leg.; 10 males and 10 females, CHINA: Longjiang, Nonggang, Longzhou County , Guangxi, 27 August 2012, Tao Wei leg.; 6 males and 15 females, CHINA: Nonggang, Longzhou County , Guangxi, 26 July 2012, Tao Wei leg.; 5 males and 6 females, CHINA: Gaoji, Sanjiang County , Guangxi, 11 July 2009, Jianhua Huang leg.; 8 males and 5 females, CHINA: Yong'an, Xing'an, Guangxi, 2 July 2006, Jianhua Huang leg.; 11 males and 14 females, Xiaolong, Yizhou, Hechi, Guangxi, 7 July 2012, Tao Wei leg. (the specimens are deposited in the insect collection of Central South University of Forestry Technology )

Description. Male. Body length: 25.0–28.0 mm; pronotum length: 5.9–7.0 mm; tegmen length: 19.0–23.0 mm; hind femur length: 13.0–15.0 mm.

Body medium-sized, well-proportioned and densely pubescent ventrally. Head large and short; face distinctly reclinate backwards in profile; frontal ridge distinct, sulcated completely, with lateral margins nearly parallel and reaching clypeus; vertex somewhat convex; fastigium slightly sloping forwards and a little depressed medially, with apical margin rounded; occiput broad and flat, slightly convex. Eyes large and protruding, long oval, with vertical diameter about 1.3 times as long as horizontal diameter and 1.8 times as long as subocular sulcus. Antennae slender and filiform, largely exceeding posterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum elongated, anterior margin broad and straight, posterior margin bluntly produced; median keel low, lateral keel absent; three transverse sulci all interrupting median keel; posterior transverse sulcus straight and situated behind midlength; prozona 1.03–1.10 times as long as metazona with fine dense punctures near anterior margin, metazona coarsely punctate and finely rugose. Prosternal process conical, with apex rounded and slightly curved backwards. Both tegmina and hind wings developed; tegmina exceeding apices of hind femora, apices rounded. Hind femora well-proportioned, upper median keel without fine denticles; hind tibiae bearing 10–11 spines at upper outer margins and 11–12 spines at inner margins, without ecto-apical spine. Terminal abdominal tergite with small but distinct triangular furculae which are separated basally. Epiproct triangular, with maximum width slightly greater than length, basal half longitudinally long-oval sulcated medially, apical half nearly flat or depressed medially, and lateral margins each bearing a small or indistinct basal projection and a apical carina. Cerci laterally compressed, slightly upcurved at tip, just exceeding apex of epiproct; in profile, a bit robust at base, somewhat constricted in middle and a little expanded at end with apices bluntly angulate. Subgenital plate short conical, lateral margins straight and tapering from base to apex in dorsal view ( Fig. 22 ); apex short papillary. Epiphallus not divided into two symmetric halves; anterior projections large; ancorae elongate and lamellate, strongly curved ventrally with apices pointed; posterior projections elongate with apices truncate; lateral margins strongly concave at the base of ancorae and the posterior two-thirds straight in dorsal view; bridge moderately broad, with anterior margin deeply concave; lophi large, broader than long, projecting ectodorsally, and extremely close to posterior projections, with apical margins straight, inner corner roundly angulate and outer corner circular; oval sclerites elongate. Phallic complex robust, zygoma broad, apodemes moderately long and robust, reaching only the middle of basal valves of penis, valves of cingulum conical, apical valves of penis crescent in lateral view, basal valves of penis large and broad lamellate.

Body yellowish or greenish brown. Antennae with basal two segments pale yellowish brown, apical segments dark yellowish brown and the remaining segments coral red. Postocular band broad and black. Pronotum with median keel black in full length or in prozona only. Tegmina brown, with anterior margin black in basal half; hind wings transparent, with apex infumated and veins dark brown. Fore and mid legs yellow or yellowish green. Hind femora green externally and yellowish internally and ventrally, with two black maculae at upper surface, the one near apex large and rectangular, the other one in the middle indistinct and linear, just on upper median keel and the basal one absent; knees black. Hind tibiae bluish green but black basally, with spines completely black or yellow basally and black at tip. Furculae and lateral margins of epiproct black.

Female. Body length: 28.0–34.0 mm; pronotum length: 7.8–8.0 mm; tegmen length: 27.0– 28.5 mm; hind femur length: 15.0–18.0 mm.

Similar to male. Body slightly larger than male. Epiproct triangular, apex blunt, basal part flat and slightly depressed. Cerci short conical, apex pointed, not reaching apex of epiproct. Dorsal and ventral ovipositor valves hookshaped at tip, margins without distinct denticles; lower valves of ovipositors with a blunt tooth at base. Subgenital plate longer than broad, posterior margin with median tooth distinctly longer than submedian teeth.

Biology. Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis is a polyphagous species. Reported host plants for F. tonkinensis include Oryza sativa , Zea mays , Arachis hypogaea , Colocasia esculenta , Glycine max , Melanotus tamsuyensis , Helianthus annus , Prunus persica , Citrus unshiu , Flueggea virosa , Penthorum chinense, Cinadessa cincrascens, Senecio scandens , Pterocarya stenoptera , Strophanthus divaricatus , Vitex negundo , Cinnamomum camphora ( You et al., 1990) , Morns alba ( Qiu et al. 2004) , Ageratum conyzoides , Oxalis corniculata , Artemisia argyi ( Qiu et al. 2005) , Leonurus sibiricus , Oplismenus undulatifolius , Artemisia sacrorum , Bidens pilosa , Chrysanthemum indicum , Comnyza canadensis ( Yang et al. 2007) , and Chinese wingnut Pterocarya stenoptera (Juglandaceae) is the most preferred host plant for F. tonkinensis , and has a significant positive correlation with the population density of F. tonkinensis ( Zhang et al. 2008) .

Distribution. CHINA (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan), VIETNAM.

Remarks. Although being placed in the genus Longgenacris when described as new species, L. rufiantennus has substantial differences from its congener L. maculacarina concerning the length of tegmina and wings ( Figs. 1–4 , 32, 33, 36, 37 ), the shape of cerci in male ( Figs. 11 , 35 ), subgenital plate in female ( Figs. 13 , 39 ), as well as structures of male genitalia ( Figs. 14–17 , 40–44 ). When the types of L. rufiantennus were examined, we found that it has no difference from F. tonkinensis in the above-mentioned morphological characters ( Figs. 18–29 , 32–44 ). Therefore, we treat L. rufiantennus as a new junior synonym of F. tonkinensis herein.

Figures

FIGURES 18–31. Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis (Willemse, 1921). 18, 19. Male in lateral and dorsal view. 20–22. End of male abdomen in lateral and dorsal view. 23, 24. Female in lateral and dorsal view. 25. Subgenital plate of female in ventral view. 26, 27. Epiphallus in dorsal and dorso-frontal view. 28, 29. Phallic complex in dorsal and lateral view (epiphallus removed). 30. Nymphs in aggregation on Chinese wingnut Pterocarya stenoptera (Juglandaceae). 31. Copulating adults on Chinese wingnut.

FIGURES 32–55. 32–44. Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng & Wei, 2003. 32–34. Holotype male in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 35. End of male abdomen. 36–38. Paratype female in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 39. Subgenital plate of female in ventral view. 40, 41. Epiphallus in dorsal and dorsofrontal view. 42–44. Phallic complex in dorsal and lateral view (epiphallus removed). 45–48. Hind femur in lateral view. 45. Ognevia longipennis (Shiraki, 1910). 46. Diabolocatantops pinguis (Stål, 1861). 47. Stenocatantops splendens (Thunberg, 1815). 48. Xenocatantops brachycerus (Willemse, 1932). 49–52. Ognevia longipennis (Shiraki, 1910). 49, 50. Epiphallus in dorsal and dorso-frontal view. 51, 52. Phallic complex in dorsal and lateral view (epiphallus removed).

FIGURES 1–17. Longgenacris maculacarina You & Li, 1983. 1, 2, 7. Holotype male in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 3, 4, 8. Paratype female in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 5, 6. Head and prothorax of female showing the variation in postocular band. 9, 10. Hind femur showing the variation in black maculae. 11, 12. Terminal abdomen of male in lateral and dorsal view. 13. Subgenital plate of female in ventral view. 14, 15. Epiphallus in dorsal and dorso-frontal view. 16, 17. Phallic complex in dorsal and lateral view (epiphallus removed).