Aphelocerus coactus, OPITZ, 2005

OPITZ, WESTON, 2005, Classification, Natural History, And Evolution Of The Genus Aphelocerus Kirsch (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (293), pp. 1-128 : 2-5

Habitus of Aphelocerus coactus , new species.

CONTENTS

Abstract....................................................................... 6 Resumen....................................................................... 7 Introduction.................................................................... 8 Literature Review............................................................. 8 Materials and Methods........................................................ 8 Assessment of Species­Level Discontinuities.................................... 10 Phylogenetic Methods........................................................ 11 Repositories of Specimens.................................................... 11 Natural History................................................................ 13 Mimetic Associations........................................................ 13 Floral Associations.......................................................... 15 Field Observations........................................................... 16 Natural History Information from Specimen Labels.............................. 17 Diagnosis of Aphelocerus ....................................................... 17 Description of Aphelocerus ..................................................... 18 Species Groups of Aphelocerus .................................................. 20 Troublesome Couplets in Key to Species......................................... 23 Key to Species Groups and Species.............................................. 23 Description of Aphelocerus Species. ............................................. 30 coalitus group

Aphelocerus leucomelas (Chevrolat) ......................................... 30

Aphelocerus coalitus , new species........................................... 32 echinatus group

Aphelocerus echinatus , new species.......................................... 34

Aphelocerus affaniatis , new species.......................................... 34 ciliaris group

Aphelocerus ciliaris , new species............................................ 35

Aphelocerus citimus , new species............................................ 37 bispineus group

Aphelocerus delicatulus (Barr) .............................................. 39

Aphelocerus aeneus , new species............................................ 39

Aphelocerus bispineus , new species.......................................... 41

Aphelocerus acuticolis , new species......................................... 41 acanthus group

Aphelocerus primigenius , new species........................................ 42

Aphelocerus sturnus Kirsh. ................................................. 42

Aphelocerus acanthus , new species.......................................... 43

Aphelocerus inconstans (Gorham) ........................................... 45

Aphelocerus cirritus , new species........................................... 47

Aphelocerus patulus , new species........................................... 47

Aphelocerus chiriqui , new species........................................... 48 sculptilus group

Aphelocerus sculptillus , new species......................................... 50

Aphelocerus sabulosus , new species......................................... 51

Aphelocerus chondrus , new species.......................................... 51

Aphelocerus cohibilis , new species.......................................... 53 irroratus group

Aphelocerus irroratus , new species.......................................... 53 immarginatus group

Aphelocerus immarginatus (Chevrolat) ....................................... 55 yungas group

Aphelocerus acutus , new species............................................ 56 Aphelocerus torosus , new species........................................... 56 Aphelocerus olanchoensis new species....................................... 58 Aphelocerus vietus , new species............................................. 58 Aphelocerus turnbowi , new species.......................................... 59 Aphelocerus cornuatus , new species......................................... 61 Aphelocerus humerus , new species.......................................... 61 Aphelocerus domus , new species............................................ 62 Aphelocerus capillus , new species........................................... 62 Aphelocerus coactus , new species........................................... 64 Aphelocerus scalenus , new species.......................................... 67 Aphelocerus yungas , new species............................................ 67 Aphelocerus extensivus , new species......................................... 68 batesi group

Aphelocerus lividus , new species............................................ 69 Aphelocerus nitidus (Chevrolat) ............................................. 70 Aphelocerus sagittarius , new species......................................... 72 Aphelocerus triangulus , new species......................................... 73 Aphelocerus batesi , new species............................................. 73 Aphelocerus ebenus , new species............................................ 75 Aphelocerus catie , new species.............................................. 75 Aphelocerus monteverde , new species........................................ 76 Aphelocerus arenatus , new species.......................................... 78 Aphelocerus bufustis , new species........................................... 78 Aphelocerus anticus , new species............................................ 81 Aphelocerus naevius , new species........................................... 81 Aphelocerus protenus , new species.......................................... 82 Aphelocerus argus , new species............................................. 84 panus group

Aphelocerus panus , new species............................................. 84 Aphelocerus hespenheidei , new species....................................... 85 Aphelocerus collaris , new species........................................... 85 formicoides group

Aphelocerus dispilis , new species............................................ 87 Aphelocerus formicoides , new species........................................ 87 cheliferous group

Aphelocerus akis , new species.............................................. 88 Aphelocerus chelonus , new species.......................................... 89 Aphelocerus cheliferous , new species........................................ 89 scutellaris group

Aphelocerus scutellaris (Chevrolat) .......................................... 90 Aphelocerus improcerus , new species........................................ 91 Aphelocerus propinquus , new species........................................ 93 Aphelocerus calvus , new species............................................ 93 myrmecoides group

Aphelocerus myrmecoides , new species...................................... 95 Aphelocerus inbatus , new species........................................... 98 Aphelocerus eriodes , new species........................................... 98 Aphelocerus discapillus , new species....................................... 100 Evolutionary Considerations................................................. 100 Character Selected for Phylogenetic Analysis................................ 101 Phylogenetic Analysis..................................................... 103 Phylogenetic Scenario for the Evolution of Aphelocerus and its Species Groups.. 103

Zoogeographic Considerations............................................. 104 Geophysical Orismology.................................................. 105 Grupos de Especies de Aphelocerus ........................................... 108 Pasos Problamaticos en la Clave de Especies.................................. 110 Clave de los Grupos de Especie y de las Especies.............................. 111 Acknowledgments............................................................ 117 References................................................................... 117 Maps........................................................................ 120