Begonia, L., 2022

Moonlight, Peter & Fuentes, Alfredo F., 2022, AN UPDATED CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOLIVIAN BEGONIA, INCLUDING ONE NEW SPECIES, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (407), pp. 1-66 : 5-9

Key to the sections of Bolivian Begonia species

1a. Plant tuberous ____________________________________________________________________ 2

1b. Plant lacking a tuber, lower stem rarely swollen and resembling a tuber _____________ 4

2a. Plant caulescent, with an aerial stem _____________________ Begonia sect. Australes ( 1)

2b. Plant acaulescent, lacking an aerial stem __________________________________________ 3

3a. Staminate flower with 4 tepals, styles bifid __________________ Unplaced to section ( 10)

3b. Staminate flower with> 5 tepals, styles multifid __________ Begonia sect. Eupetalum ( 4)

4a. Plants vines, rooting at the nodes; leaves 3-veined to the base Begonia sect. Wagneria ( 9)

4b. Plants terrestrial herbs, rarely rooting at the lower nodes; leaves with pinnate, palmatepinnate or palmate venation but never 3-veined from the base ______________________ 5

5a. Leaf venation pinnate _____________________________________________________________ 6

5b. Leaf venation palmate-pinnateor palmate _________________________________________ 7

6a. Inflorescence a symmetrical cyme ____________________ Begonia sect. Ruizopavonia ( 8)

6b. Inflorescence an asymmetrical cyme ________________ Begonia sect. Cyathocnemis ( 2)

7a. Leaf margins lobed ________________________________________________________________ 8

7b. Leaf margins lacking lobes ________________________________________________________ 9

8a. Leaves> 30 × 25 cm, glabrous or with a soft indumentum; inflorescences with <75 flowers _______________________________________________ Begonia sect. Knesebeckia ( 6)

8b. Leaves> 30 × 30 cm, with an abrasive indumentum; inflorescences with> 100 flowers Begonia sect. Pritzelia ( 7)

9a. Plantsshort-livedherbs, generally reaching maturity at < 50 cm high; venation palmate, lacking a clear primary vein ______________________________ Begonia sect. Ephemera ( 3)

9b. Plants perrenials, generally reaching maturity at> 50 cm high; leaf venationpalmatepinnate or pinnate, with a clear primary vein _______________________________________ 10

10a. Styles bifid __________________________________________ Begonia sect. Cyathocnemis ( 2)

10b. Styles multifid __________________________________________ Begonia sect. Hydristyles ( 5)

Key to Bolivian Begonia species

1a. Plant tuberous or rhizomatous _____________________________________________________ 2

1b. Plant lacking a tuber or rhizome __________________________________________________ 21

2a. Plant rhizomatous _________________________________________________________________ 3

2b. Plants tuberous ___________________________________________________________________ 5

3a. Petiole with a collar of hairs where the petiole joins the leaf blade B. leathermaniae (31)

3b. Petiole glabrous where the petiole joins the leaf blade ______________________________ 4

4a. Ovary and fruit with one long wing and tworib-likewings; leaf laminae peltate (in Bolivia) ____________________________________________________________ B. acerifolia ( 30)

4b. Ovary and fruit with 3 subequal wings; leaf laminae basifixed or rarely peltate B. wollnyi ( 32)

5a. Plant caulescent, with an aerial stem ______________________________________________ 6

5b. Plant acaulescent, lacking an aerial stem _________________________________________ 18

6a. Leaf blade symmetrical, reniform to orbicular, apex indistinct __________ B. veitchii ( 10)

6b. Leaf blade asymmetrical, lanceolate to ovate, rarely reniform, apex distinct, acute to acuminate ________________________________________________________________________ 7

7a. Leaf blades lanceolate; anthers united into a 4–25 mm long column __ B. boliviensis ( 1)

7b. Leaf blades ovate, broadly ovate, orbicular or reniform; anthers free or united only at the base __________________________________________________________________________ 8

8a. Tepals yellow _____________________________________________________________________ 9

8b. Tepals white, pink, orange or red __________________________________________________ 14

9a. Apex of the inner tepals on the staminate flower slightly notched __________________ 10

9b. Apex of the inner tepals on the staminate flower not notched ______________________ 11

10a. Flowers vivid golden yellow; leaf upper surface dark green with pale green veins B. chrysantha ( 2)

10b. Flowers pale yellow; leaf upper surface concolorous green _________ B. micranthera ( 7)

11a. Indumentum glandular _______________________________ B. heliantha ( Excluded names)

11b. Indumentum non-glandular or lacking _____________________________________________ 12

12a. Tepals spreading ______________________________________________________ B. pearcei ( 8)

12b. Tepals projecting forwards _______________________________________________________ 13

13a. Stem and petioles glabrous _______________________________________ B. germaineana ( 4)

13b. Stem and petioles tomentose __________________________________________ B. krystofii ( 6)

14a. Filaments attached to the anthers above their bases ______________________________ 15

14b. Filaments attached to the base of the anthers _____________________________________ 16

15a. Tepal margins toothed; leaf margins irregularly dentate ________________ B. herrerae ( 5)

15b. Tepal margins entire; leaf margins crenate _______________________ B. weddelliana ( 11)

16a. Tepals cinnabar red _______________________________________________ B. cinnabarina ( 3)

16b. Tepals white or pink ______________________________________________________________ 17

17a. Bract margins denticulate, ciliate __________________________________ B. phantasma ( 9)

17b. Bract margins entire, aciliate _______________________________________ B. micranthera ( 7)

18a. Leaf blades peltate _______________________________________________ Begonia sp. 1 ( 43)

18b. Leaf blades basifixed _____________________________________________________________ 19

19a. Leaf upper surface concolorous green; staminate flowers with> 5 tepals, styles multifid __________________________________________________________________________ 20

19b. Leaf upper surface dark green, veins vivid green; staminate flowers with 4 tepals, styles bifid ____________________________________________________________ B. cremnophila ( 42)

20a. Pistillate flower with paired bracteoles; tepals on the staminate flower> 13 mm wide B. marinae ( 20)

20b. Pistillate flower lacking bracteoles; tepals on the staminate flower < 11 mm wide B. pleiopetala ( 21)

21a. Leaves margins lobed ____________________________________________________________ 22

21b. Leaves margins lacking lobes ____________________________________________________ 26

22a. Leaves> 30 × 30 cm, with an abrasive indumentum; inflorescences with> 100 flowers B. parviflora ( 33)

22b. Leaves <30 × 25 cm, glabrous or with a soft indumentum; inflorescences with <75 flowers __________________________________________________________________________ 23

23a. Stem green, succulent throughout; pistillate flowers with 2 tepals; largest fruit wing notched ___________________________________________________________ B. lophoptera ( 15)

23b. Stem thickened, appearing woody at least at the base; pistillate flowers with 3 tepals; largest fruit wing not notched _____________________________________________________ 24

24a. Petiole apex with a ring of squamose hairs _____________________ B. leathermaniae ( 31)

24b. Petiole apex lacking a ring of squamose hairs _____________________________________ 25

25a. Leaf laminae basifixed or rarely peltate; ovary and fruit with three 3 subequal wings B. wollnyi ( 32)

25b. Leaf laminae peltate (in Bolivia); ovary and fruit with one long wing and tworib-like wings ______________________________________________________________ B. acerifolia ( 30)

26a. Plant a climbing herb, rooting at the nodes; leaves 3-veined from base __ B. glabra ( 41)

26b. Plant a terrestrial to semi-scandent herb, not rooting from the nodes; leaves variously pinnate, palmate-pinnate or palmate but never 3-veined from the base _____________ 27

27a. Leaf veins pinnate ________________________________________________________________ 28

27b. Leaf veins palmate or palmate-pinnate ____________________________________________ 33

28a. Stems sparsely to densely tomentose or hispid ___________________________________ 29

28b. Stems glabrous __________________________________________________________________ 32

29a. Stipules persistent, transversely semi-orbicular or transversely ovate ____ B. bangii ( 34)

29b. Stipules deciduous or persistent, triangular _______________________________________ 30

30a. Leaf base rounded _________________________________________________ B. leptostyla ( 37)

30b. Leaf base obliquely cordate ______________________________________________________ 31

31a. Stipules oblong-ovate; staminate tepals c. 7.5 mm long _______________ B. varistyla ( 40)

31b. Stipules elliptic; staminate tepals c. 11 mm long _____________________ B. buchtienii ( 35)

32a. Leaves with 8–12 veins on the broad side of the lamina; pistillate flowers with 2 tepals B. peruviana ( 39)

32b. Leaves with 3–6 veins on the broad side of the lamina; pistillate flowers with 5 tepals B. galea ( 14)

33a. Pistillate flowers with 2 tepals ____________________________________________________ 34

33b. Pistillate flowers with 5 (or rarely 4) tepals ________________________________________ 35

34a. Leaves with a distinct apex and a clear primary vein; largest fruit wing unnotched _____ B. bracteosa ( 13)

34b. Leaf apices indistinct, without a clear, primary vein; largest fruit wing notched B. lophoptera ( 15)

35a. Plant generally reaching maturity at < 50 cm tall; leaf venation palmate, lacking a clear primary vein; usually rooting from the lower nodes ________________________________ 36

35b. Plant generally reaching maturity at> 50 cm tall; leaf venationpalmate-pinnateor pinnate, with a clear primary vein; never rooting from the lower nodes _____________ 39

36a. Plant glabrous; leaf bases cucullate _________________________________ B. cucullata ( 17)

36b. Plant variously pubescent; leaf bases truncate to cordate __________________________ 37

37a. Leaf blades reniform __________________________________________ B. alchemilloides ( 16)

37b. Leaf blades transversely ovate to deltate __________________________________________ 38

38a. Leaves with 3–7 veins from the base; inner tepals of the staminate flowers elliptic; stamens 12–20 ______________________________________________________ B. fischeri ( 18)

38b. Leaves with 7–9 veins from the base; inner tepals of the staminate flowers oblanceolate; stamens 8–12 ______________________________________ B. subvillosa ( 19)

39a. Styles bifid _______________________________________________________________________ 40

39b. Styles mutifid ____________________________________________________________________ 41

40a. Leaf blades lanceolate; stipules persistent ____________________________ B. comata ( 36)

40b. Leaf blades transversely ovate; stipules deciduous _____________ B. alto-peruviana ( 12)

41a. Leaf margins double-dentate ____________________________________ B. unduavensis ( 28)

41b. Leaf margins entire, serrulate, denticulate or crenulate ____________________________ 42

42a. Leaf laminae lanceolate to oblanceolate __________________________________________ 43

42b. Leaf laminae transversely ovate __________________________________________________ 44

43a. Stipule margins aciliate; inflorescences either unisexual or with staminate and pistillate flowers open at different times, bearing up to 4 flowers ____________ B. subcaudata ( 27)

43b. Stipule margins long-ciliate; inflorescences with staminate and pistillate flowers open simultaneously, bearing up to 16 flowers _________________________ B. oblanceolata ( 38)

44a. Stipules persistent, retained on the stem after the leaves have been dropped _______ 45

44b. Stipules early deciduous, dropped before the leaf is mature ________________________ 46

45a. Leaves with 2–5 veins from the base; leaf margins entire to serrulate; tepals white to pink ______________________________________________________________ B. juntasensis ( 25)

45b. Leaves with 7–12 veins from the base; leaf margins serrate; tepals red B. santarosensis ( 26)

46a. Plant sparsely to densely stellate-haired or lepidote-scaled ________________________ 47

46b. Plant glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent, but never with stellate hairs or lepidote scales ___________________________________________________________________________ 48

47a. Plant densely stellate haired ___________________________________________ B. andina ( 22)

47b. Plant sparsely to densely lepidote scaled _________________________ B. unilateralis ( 29)

48a. Fruit wings subequal, the largest wing with straight edges and widest where it joins the ovary _______________________________________________________________ B. bridgesii ( 23)

48b. Fruit wings unequal, the largest wing with rounded edges and widest halfway along its length ______________________________________________________________ B. fissistyla ( 24)