Protothymallus, Böhme, 2007

Böhme, Madelaine, 2007, Revision Of The Cyprinids From The Early Oligocene Of The České Středohoří Mountains, And The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Protothymallus Laube, 1901 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae), Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 63 (2 - 4), pp. 175-194 : 178-181

Genus Protothymallus LAUBE, 1901

v 1901 Protothymallus nov. gen. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 22, pl. IV, fig. 1–4.

v 1969 Varhostichthys nov. gen. – Obrhelová, Karpfenfische im Süsswassertertiär, p. 50 (partim).

T y p e s p e c i e s: Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 .2

D i a g n o s i s: See diagnosis of the type species.

Stratigraphic and geographic occ u r r e n c e: Early Oligocene (~32 Ma) probably to early Late Oligocene (~28 Ma) of the České středohoří Mountains (SE Saxony, NE Bohemia).

Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885)

non, v 1843

Leuciscus brevis nov. spec. – Agassiz, Recherches sur les poissons fossiles, vol. 5, p. 55; pl. 51c, fig. 4.

non, nv 1857

Leuciscus oeningensis AGASSIZ, 1832 – Giebel, Tertiäre Wirbelthierreste bei Zittau, p. 316.

+ 1885 Chondrostoma elongata nov. spec. – Kramberger, Palaeoichtyolozki prilozi, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 2, 3.

1885 Chondrostoma bubalus TROSCHEL, 1854 – Kramberger, Palaeoichtyolozki prilozi, p. 38.

1886 Chondrostoma bubalus TROSCHEL, 1854 – Kramberger, Palaeoichthyologische Beiträge, p. 133 – 134.

1886 Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 – Kramberger, Palaeoichthyologische Beiträge, p. 133.

1900 Thaumaturus lusatus nov. spec. – Laube, Salmonoiden der Braunkohlenformation, p. 20.

v 1901 Protothymallus lusatus ( LAUBE, 1900) – Laube, Synopsis, p. 23, pl. IV, Fig. 1–3.

v 1901 Protothymallus princeps nov. spec. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 25, pl. IV, Fig. 4.

v 1901 Tinca macropterygia nov. spec. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 36, pl. V, fig. 6; –pl. VIII, fig. 4.

v 1901 Gobio major nov. spec. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 38, pl, V, fig. 7.

v 1901 Leuciscus fritschii nov. spec. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 43, pl. VII, fig. 1.

v 1901? Squalinus spec. indet. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 44, pl. VII, fig. 3.

v 1901 Squalinus sp. indet. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 44, pl. VIII, fig. 5.

1901 Chondrostoma bubalus ( TROSCHEL, 1854) – Laube, Synopsis, p. 45.

v 1901 Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 – Laube, Synopsis, p. 46.

v 1901 Chondrostoma laticauda nov. spec. – Laube, Synopsis, p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 2.

v 1969 partim Varhostichthys brevis (AGASSIZ, 1843) – Obrhelová, Karpfenfische im Süsswassertertiär, p. 50.

non 1970

Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 – Anđelković, Fossile Fische aus Serbien, p. 306, pl. IX, Fig. 1, 2.

2 The correct publication year is 1885, not 1884 as statet in Andelkovicz (1970, 1989) and Gaudant (1996).

v 1970 Varhostichthys brevis (AGASSIZ, 1843) – Obrhelová, Vorläufer von Tinca tinca , pl. 1–7; fig. 1–14.

non 1989

Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 – Anđelković, Tertiary fishes of Yugoslavia, p. 73, pl. V, fig. 2.

1993 " Chondrostoma " elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 – Gaudant, Eocene Freshwater Fish-Fauna, p. 235.

1996 Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885) – Gaudant, Rectifications de nomenclature, p. 94.

M a t e r i a l: A total of 121 specimens.

8 specimens from Varnsdorf: GBAW – 1885/3/1 (type of Chondrostoma elongata KRAMBERGER, 1885 ); NMP – Tc 8 (type to Thaumaturus lusatus LAUBE, 1900 ), Pc 256 (original to, Laube 1901: pl. 4, fig. 1), Pc 257 (type to Chondrostoma laticauda LAUBE, 1901 : pl. 7, fig. 2), Tc 7 (original to Protothymallus lusatus LAUBE, 1901: 46 and Obrhelová,1970: pl. 4, fig. 1), Pc 323 (original to Obrhelová, 1970: pl. 1, fig. 1), Pc 324, Pc 2724.

86 specimens from Seifhennersdorf: NMP – Tc 6; SMMGD – SaT198 original to Protothymallus lusatus, LAUBE 1901 : pl. 4, fig. 2), SaT609/Dr.379 (original to Obrhelová 1970: pl. 5, fig. 2), SaT437/Dr.377 (original to Obrhelová 1970: pl. 5), SaT62/Dr.6, SaT 63, 85, 88–91, 96, 98, 99, 101, 104, 106, 110, 113, 117, 120, 121, 125, 126, 136, 142, 143, 151, 153, 156–159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 168, 174, 177–180, 184, 188, 190, 197, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214–216, 221, 224, 301, 309, 344, 347, 361–364, 371, 380, 381, 384, 392, 399, 409, 413, 414, 431, 433, 466, 481, 492, 494, 620, Sf.3925, and two uncatalogued specimens; SMMGD collection Harald Walther, Dresden (uncatalogued juvenile specimen); MNB – MB.f.2820.

8 specimens from Seifhennersdorf or Varnsdorf: UL – V1–3 , and five uncatalogued specimens .

12 specimens from Kundratice/Kundratitz (Hlinná): NMP – Pc 339, Pc 342, Pc 309+308 (type of Squalius sp. Laube 1901), Pc 350+351 (original to Laube 1901: pl. 8, fig. 4, 5), Pc 318 (type of Protothymallus princeps LAUBE, 1901 ), Pc 319; NHMV – 1883, and five additional uncatalogued specimens).

5 specimens from Skalice/Skalitz (Žitenice/Zittenitz): NMP – Pc 325, Pc 327, Pc 2721, CM1407 , CM1431 .

2 specimens from Lbín/Welbine: NMP – Pc 311 (type of Leuciscus fritschii LAUBE, 1901 ), CM1429 .

H o l o t y p e: Figured by Gorjanović-Kramberger 1885, pl. 2, fig. 2 from Varnsdorf; deposited in the Vienna Collection of the Geologische Bundesanstalt Wien (GBAW – 1885/3/1).

L o c u s t y p i c u s: Varnsdorf near Rumburk (NE- Bohemia).

S t r a t u m t y p i c u m: Laminated diatomite at the base of the Nephelinbasanites, Late Rupelian; radiometric (K/Ar) date 30.2 ± 1.6 Ma (according to Bellon et al. 1998).

St rati graph ic an d geog raph ic o c- c u r r e n c e: Early Oligocene (Middle to Late Rupelian) probably to early Late Oligocene (earliest Chattian) of northeastern Bohemia and southeastern Saxony (Fig. 1), from the localities Seifhennersdorf, Varnsdorf, Kundratice, Lbín and Skalice. Radiometric (K/Ar) dates 32.7 ± 0.8 Ma (Kundratice) to 30.1 ± 0.7 Ma (Lbín). Obrhelová and Obrhel (1987) report additional records from Knížecí (Pirskenberg), radiometric (K/Ar) dates 29.5 ± 1.5 Ma (all ages according to Bellon et al. 1998).

A m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s: Relatively slender, medium-sized Gobioninae (SL max. 140 mm, TL max. 190 mm); mouth terminal; lower jaw long (54–58% L bas n.); supraethmoid broader than long, with prominent medial and lateral grooves; frontal and pterotic separated by the sphenotic; CSO divided, medial branch ending on the distal frontal near the crosspoint of the frontal, parietal, and sphenotic, lateral branch passing across the sphenotic to the pterotic parallel to the CIO; CPM interrupted on the articular, on the anterodorsal corner of the operculum with canalsegment; pharyngeal tooth formula 5.2.; dorsal fin usually with 7 divided soft rays (D [2]3/7[8]), anal fin generally with 6 (A [2]3/6); vertebrae count 40–41, 23 or 24 abdominal and 17 post-abdominal vertebra 3; lateral line is missing or incomplete (reaching to the ventral fin); scales are small and numerous (>50 to 70 along the median longitudinal scale row), without basal radii, but with convergent caudal radii.