CORIMELAENIDAE Uhler, 1871

Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. & Wheeler, Ward C., 2008, Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera), Cladistics 24, pp. 932-976 : 965

CORIMELAENIDAE Uhler (including THYREOCO- RINAE Amyot and Serville)

Historical: This family-group taxon, as conceived by many authors, includes 12 genera distributed in the

Eastern and Western Hemispheres. McAtee and Malloch (1933) revised the nine American genera; Dolling (1981) proposed maintaining the three Palearc-

tic genera Thyreocoris Schrank , Strombosoma Amyot and Serville , and Carrabas Distant in the subfamily Thyreocorinae Amyot and Serville , removing all the American genera to the subfamily Corimelaeninae

Uhler, but including both under the Cydnidae (see Rolston and McDonald, 1979, concerning the correct name for the family). Gapud (1991) stated that the Thyreocorinae (= Corimelaeninae sensu Dolling, 1981 ) is related to the Cydnidae by the presence of coxal fringes (character 261) and tibial spines (character 271), a conclusion supported in our morphological analyses. A deeply sulcate and strongly carinate prosternum (characters 231, 241) is found in the Corimelaenidae (including Thyreocorinae ) but also occurs in the Scutelleridae , Canopidae , and Megarididae .

Analytical result: The Corimelaenidae , as represented by Allocoris and Thyreocoris , is treated in our morphological analyses under successive weightings ( Fig. 43 ) and PIWE ( Fig. 44 ) as the basal group within the Cydnidae , being paraphyletic in the former. Combined molecular analyses treat Allocoris as either the sister group of the Parastrachiinae (1: 1 cost ratio; Fig. 45 ) or the sister group of all remaining taxa distal to the Parastrachiinae on the cladogram (2: 2 cost ratio; Fig. 46 ). Allocoris maintains an association with the Parastrachiinae in the 52-taxon total evidence analysis under both 1: 1 and 2: 2 cost ratios ( Figs 51 and 52 , respectively), but also including Cydninae sp. 1 in the former. The results of the 92-taxon analysis are similar ( Figs 53–55 ). The characters supporting this grouping are the posterior and humeral pronatal angles not developed (150), the coxae with fringes of setae (261), and the foretibiae with a row of stout setae on the lateral margin (271). The last two of these are the same as characters that support the monophyly of a broadly conceived Cydnidae (as recognized by Dolling, 1981) in our morphological analyses. Some of our analyses also associate Sehirus with either Corimelaenidae sensu stricto, or Parastrachiinae, or both, on the basis of the same characters listed above for Corimelaeninae + Parastrachiinae. In the absence of a stronger sequence data set, we are inclined to maintain the family status of the Corimelaenidae and incorporate the Parastrachiinae, the latter of which we treat at subfamily status.

Figures

Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious.

Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious.

Figs 45–48. 45. One of two trees derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 46. Single tree derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 47. Single tree derived from analysis of ~500 bp of 16S rRNA data using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 48. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1800 bp of 18S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio.

Figs 49–52. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio.

Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious.

Fig. 54. One of four trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious.

Fig. 55. One of three trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio, which had the lowest MRI value. Bremer support values are shown.