Enchodus gladiolus (Cope, 1872)
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https://doi.org/ 10.4202/app.01117.2023 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E18741-130F-EF0B-DC22-FD6FFCBBFCE9 |
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Felipe |
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scientific name |
Enchodus gladiolus (Cope, 1872) |
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Enchodus gladiolus (Cope, 1872)
Fig. 3F, G View Fig .
Material.— Eight specimens: two (RU-EFP-00277-2 and 4156) from the lower Hornerstown Formation below the MFL, four (RU-EFP-01916, 2188, 2956, 3698) from the MFL, and two (RU-EFP-04157-1, 4157-2) collected as float. All from the Maastrichtian-Danian Hornerstown Formation , Edelman Fossil Park, Mantua Township, New Jersey, USA .
Description.—The teeth are sigmoidal and range in apicobasal height 6–14 mm. Longitudinal striations are present on the rounded posterior face of the crown which extend from the base of the crown to just beneath a pronounced post-apical barb. A longitudinal carina is present along the mesial margin and extends the entire height of the crown. There is subtle variation in overall morphology among the specimens, with some being narrow and elongate whereas others are comparatively shorter and mesiodistally wider. Teeth of the latter morphology have an ovoid-shaped basal cross section, whereas those of the former possess a shallow depression on one side of the basal portion of the crown, making their basal cross section crescentic. This variation may reflect differing tooth positions (i.e., palatine versus mandibular crowns).
Remarks.—The sigmoidal, fang-like character of the teeth is characteristic of aulopiform actinopterygians, especially of the genus Enchodus ( Kriwet 2003; Kriwet et al. 2006). Enchodus is a diverse genus of fish known from the early Cretaceous through the Paleocene. Approximately 30 taxa have been recognized, with five currently-valid species known from North America ( Goody 1976; Fielitz 1997; Holloway et al. 2017). The specimens described here are best assignable to the species E. gladiolus due to their possession of a post-apical barb, full-length mesial carina, and striations on the basal portion of the distal face ( Goody 1976; Parris et al. 2007; Becker et al. 2010; Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2020; Gouric-Cavalli et al. 2021).
The only species of Enchodus previously reported from the MFL was E. ferox Leidy, 1855 ( Miller 1955; Gallagher 1993, 2003), although elsewhere in New Jersey E. gladiolus has been reported from the basal lag of the Navesink Formation at Holmdel Park and in cut bank exposures along Ramanessin Brook ( Callahan et al. 2014). Here, we report the first occurrence of E. gladiolus from the MFL, indicating it survived in the western Atlantic until the K/Pg mass extinction.
Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian to Maastrichtian) of Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, and South Dakota in USA, Argentina, Canada, Mexico , and Russia.
Elopiformes Sauvage, 1875
Paralbulinae Estes, 1969
Genus Paralbula Blake, 1940
Type species: Paralbula marylandica Blake, 1940 , Eocene , Maryland, USA .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Enchodus gladiolus (Cope, 1872)
| Boles, Zachary M., Ullmann, Paul V., Putnam, Ian, Ford, Mariele & Deckhut, Joseph T. 2024 |
Paralbula
| Blake 1940 |