Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say, 1832)

O'Brien, Charles W. & Haseeb, Muhammad, 2014, Revision of the “ Rice Water Weevil ” Genus Lissorhoptrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America North of Mexico, The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (2), pp. 163-186 : 178-183

Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say, 1832) ( Figs. 1, 2 , 30 , 31 )

Bagous simplex Say 1832: 29 . Syntypes apparently lost. Transferred to Notiodes by Melsheimer (1853: 93), to unnamed genus by Lacordaire (1863: 489), to Endalus by Taschenberg (1869: 186), to Lissorhoptrus by LeConte (1876: 183).

Bagous egenus Gyllenhal 1836: 549 . One male syntype, Amer. borealis, Dejean (NHRS). Transferred to Notiodes by Schoenherr (1843: 184), to Endalus by Taschenberg (1869: 186). Described as synonym of B. simplex Say.

Hydronomus berolinensis Schilsky 1908 : no. 69. Type apparently lost ( Lohse 1908: 57). Synonymized with L. simplex and country of origin changed from Germany to USA by Kuschel (1955: 269 and 290).

Notiophilus apiculatus : of authors (not Gyllenhal 1836: 320). LeConte (1876: 183); Blatchley and Leng (1916: 229).

Redescription. Male: Body small and mediumsized; moderately robust. Rostrum: Moderately long, 0.71X as long as prothorax; black, broadly

5, 6) L. longipennis ; 7, 8) L. longitarsis .

13, 14) L. chapini ; 15, 16) L. insularis ; 17, 18) L. robbinsorum .

subcylindrical; dorsum weakly curved, even; convex along midline; venter straight, lacking carina; basal scales contiguous, moderately smooth, agglutinate; apical 1/3 clothed with subcontiguous, rough, plumose scales; sides subparallel; suprascrobal groove strongly developed. Head: Very weakly convex; scales nongranulate, contiguous, brown and white; plumose scales whitish, on articulating area and around and behind eyes; frons with numerous distinct curved submedian setae, broad, 0.57X as wide as head across eyes, impressed, distinctly set off from rostrum by transverse impression. Antennae: Inserted just in front of apical 1/3; scape moderately short, moderately slender, strongly clavate, with several setae; scape and funicle reddish brown; funicle short, 0.93X as long as scape, club elongate-oval, asymmetrical, 0.71X as long as funicle, reddish brown, 1 st club segment ca. 0.70–0.90X total club length, glabrous. Pronotum: Transverse, 0.91X as long as broad; sides sinuately subparallel, moderately expanding from base; apical constriction sudden and strong, in apical 1/5; scales dense, roughened, agglutinate; apical constriction dorsally distinct and uniform, moderately rounded behind constriction, sides slightly impressed behind round area; disc transversely unevenly flattened, not undulate, not rugose or rugulose; sides pale tan-brown; pleuron with dark brown longitudinal vitta; postocular lobes moderately developed. Elytra: 1.40X wider at humeri than pronotum; 1.64X longer than wide at humeri; subparallel, sinuate behind humeri to declivity, declivity at 45–60° (in relation to dorsal plane); markedly wider than prothorax; apices subacuminate, conjointly slightly emarginate to subtruncate; humeri well-developed, obliquely angulate, subacutely produced; intervals uneven in width, flattened to weakly convex, odd-numbered intervals with setae inconspicuous; subrecumbent, curled, coarse, associated with slight swelling; swellings becoming progressively larger and more acute posteriorly; strial grooves distinct, deep, narrow, with punctures small, elongate, narrow, deep and well-separated, not wider than strial grooves; scales subgranulate, contiguous and few imbricate, round and oval, arranged irregularly, usually with 2 scales across intervals brown, whitish, and black; maculate to fasciate; cuticle black to reddish black. Venter: Prosternum medially clothed, narrowly in front of coxae to broadly behind coxae, with plumose scales. Abdominal ventrites: Ventrite I with median impression deep, moderately broad, uniformly impressed for entire length, not narrowed apically, continued on basal 1/2 of ventrite II, apical margin moderately declivous, 1.80X as long as II; ventrite II medially impressed, with impression narrow, shallow, apical 1/10 declivous, not impressed on declivity, 1.67X as long as III and IV together; ventrite V transversely convex basally, transversely impressed apically, impression shallow, broad, lacking median subapical carina or tubercle, with 2 pairs of apicolateral setae, 2.33X as long as III and IV together, 1.40X as long as II, 0.78X as long as I; I and II completely clothed, with contiguous, agglutinate scales; III and IV completely clothed, with dense, suberect, plumose scales, and lacking setae. Tergite VII: Apical margin not medially emarginate. Legs: Moderately long; femora clavate, reddish black; tibiae moderately slender, reddish black; fore and hind tibiae with inner margin straight, with outer margin straight or nearly so toward apex (in lateral view), moderately long bristles on inner surface, short conspicuous bristles on outer surface; middle tibiae with long, fine swimming hairs on inner and outer margins; hind tibial mucro 3-toothed, basal tooth small, acute, externally posteriorly directed, median tooth large, acute, strongly curved, apically directed, apical tooth small, acute, internally apically directed; tarsi moderately short, sublinear, reddish brown, slightly widened toward apex; tarsomere 3 not wider at apex than 2, sublinear, subtruncate; claws reddish. Genitalia: As in Fig. 31 . Standard length: 2.80 mm.

Female. Rostrum: 0.83X as long as prothorax; frons broad, 0.63X as wide as head across eyes. Antennae: Inserted just behind apical 1/3. Elytra: 1.42X wider at humeri than pronotum; 1.65X longer than wide at humeri. Tergite VII: Apical margin truncate, not medially emarginate. Abdominal ventrites: Ventrite I with median impression lacking; 1.67X as long as II; II convex; not impressed on declivity, apically declivous; ventrite V evenly convex basally, transversely impressed apically and medially foveate, impression deep, narrow, lacking median subapical carina or tubercle. Standard length: 3.00 mm.

Intraspecific Variation. This species is variable in color, with a wide median black vitta on the prothorax and a large black macula on the elytra to almost uniformly brown individuals; at times with only a short, narrow, angulate, dark fascia in front of the declivity. The range in size of the body is 2.40–3.60 mm.

Remarks and Comparative Notes. Lissorhoptrus simplex is very similar to L. oryzophilus , but its usual two rows of scales across the elytral intervals differs from the three or more rows of similar scales in the latter species. Often these two species may be identified only by the difference in the hind tibial mucro of the male or the different apex of tergite VII of the female.

Biological Notes. This species has been taken in large numbers sweeping aquatic plants at night. It was believed to be a pest of rice, but none of the thousands seen in collections were found feeding on or breeding in rice, and all earlier rice host records of this species checked by specialists have shown these to be misidentifications of L. oryzophilus .

Distribution. Canada (Alberta) and eastern USA Indiana and Maryland, south to Florida and Texas, north to Oklahoma and Arkansas).

Material Examined. 1,532 specimens, not including holotype. CANADA: ALBERTA: Medicine Hat, VI-1931 (1). USA: ALABAMA: 5mi. SW Mobile, 10-VI-1965 (3). ARKANSAS: Drew Co., 2 mi. E I-65 on Hwy. 138, berlese bottomland hardwoods, 22-I-1977 (2); Lawrence Co., 10 mi. SW I. Hwy. 67 on 228, berlese bottomland hardwoods, 1-IX-1977 (1); Ouchita Co., White Oak Lake St. Pk., 16-VIII-1983 (1). FLORIDA: Alachua Co., Gainesville, 9-IV-1965 (4), 12-VI-1965 (13), 13-VI-1965 (12), 15-VI-1965 (7), 12-IV-1966 (4), 17-V-1966 (8), 31-V-1966 (2), 27-VI-1966 (5), 31-V-1967 (4), 14-18-VI-1968 (6), 19-III-1970 (2), nr. Gainesville, 18-27-VII-1966 (1), Paynes Prairie, 4-X-1970 (16), 31-V-1989 (48), Paynes Prairie State Preserve, 27-III-1988 (1), U.F. Commuter Parking Lot, 14-16-VI-1968 (4), 31-V-1984 (140), 14-VIII-1984 (8), 16-VIII-1984 (39), 31-V-1989 (1), 3 mi. E Melrose, 17-VII-1998 (3); Charlotte Co., 7 mi. S Punta Gordo, 23-VI-1965 (1); Collier Co., Collier-Seminole St. Pk., 25-V-1976 (6), 26-V-1976 (4), Ochopee, 14-VI-1977 (1), 15-VI- 1977 (7), 6 mi. E Ochopee, 26-V-1976 (2); Dade Co., Coral Gables, Girl Scout Camp Mahachee, 9950 Old Cutler Rd., 27-28-II-1998 (2) 6-12-V- 1998 (3); DeSoto Co., 5 mi. W Arcadia, 29-VI- 1980 (10); Duval Co., Jacksonville, 16-18-VI-1958 (1), 8-VIII-1958 (1), 18-VI-1983 (6); Gadsden Co., Crooked Ck. @ CR270, 10 km W Greensboro, N30 34 58, W84 53 02, 1 -IV-1999 (1), 2.7 mi. SE Havana, Co. Rd. 153, sifted sand and herbs, 18-I-2000 (1), Turkey Ck. and Hwy. 65 (1); Gulf Co., 1 mi. N White City, 19-IX-1976 (1), 31-III-1980 (1), 13-VI-1980 (1), 5-VIII-1980 (1), 4 mi. N White City, 23-X-1974 (1); Highlands Co., Highlands Hammock St. Pk., 15-VI-1965 (5), 16-VI-1965 (1), 24-VI-1965 (4); Hillsborough Co., 6 mi. S Riverview, 22-VII-1973 (303); Jefferson Co., 1 mi. S Wacissa, 29-VI-1973 (2), 3-VII-1973 (1), 2 mi. N Wacissa, 18-VI-1973 (2), 3-VII-1973 (2), 2-VIII-1975 (1), 11-X-1980 (1), 4 mi. S Wacissa, 29-VI-1973 (1), 5 mi. SW Wacissa, 16-IX-1976 (1), 6 mi. S Wacissa, 14-III-2000 (1), 14 mi. S Wacissa, 3-VII-1973 (2), Wacissa, Jct., SR 259 and 59, 27-VII-2000 (1), Rivers St. Pk., 10-VI-1965 (1); Lake Co., 5 mi. N Clermont, 15-VI-1965 (1); Lee Co., 19 mi. SE Ft. Myers, 28-III-1973 (1); Leon Co., Hwy. 20 Bloxham, 5-VIII-1980 (7), 7-VIII-1980 (4), 18-VIII-1980 (1), 20-VIII-1980 (2), Lake Iamonia, 18-VII-1976 (1), Tall Timbers Res. Sta., UV, 4-VII-1972 (7), 5-VII-1972 (1), 6-VII-1972 (2), 28-IV-1989 (1), Gay’ s Island, on Limnobium spongia , 12-VI-1973 (1), 9-VII- 1972 (1), 12-VI-1973 (1), Bird Window, 6-VII- 1972 (1), Bird Window Pond, 17-IV-1978 (8), Sheep Isl. 5-VII-1972 (6), 8-VII-1972 (2), 9-VII- 1972 (1), 6-XI-1972 (2), 29-VI-1979 (1), 8-V- 1997 (1), Tallahassee, 7-VII-1973 (1), 20-V-1975 (1), 1-IX-1978 (1); 16-V-1985 (1), 21-V-1985 (3), 20 mi. N Tallahassee, 7-VII-1972 (1), 3 mi. SE Woodville, 22-IV-1975 (3), 14-V-1975 (1), 9-VIII- 1975 (1), 21-V-1985 (1), 8-V-1995 (2), Whitakers Pond, 27-IV-1976 (1); Levy Co., 3 mi. NE Cedar Key, 13-VI-1965 (1); Marion Co., 3 mi. NW Blichton, 20-V-1976 (1), 28-VIII-1976 (15), 4 mi. NW Blichton, 24-VI-1980 (1), Ocala, N. For 3 mi. N Hwy. 40 at Zay Prairie, 25-I-1974 (1); Monroe Co., Everglades N.P., Anhinga Trail, 17-VII-1973 (1); Okeechobee Co., L. Okeechobee, water hyacinth, 24-VIII-1975 (1); Putnam Co., 2 mi. SW Interlachen, 5-6-X-71 (2), K. Ordway Pres., 3 mi. E Melrose, 16-VII-1998 (5), barrier pitfall, 31-V- 15-VII-1999 (1), Welaka Res. Sta., 9-IV-1983 (1); Santa Rosa Co., Carr Lake, Blackwater Riv. St. For., 28-VII-1972 (1); Sarasota Co., 29 mi. SE Sarasota, Hwy. 72, 29–VIII-1976 (2), 30 mi. SE Sarasota Hwy. 72, 26-VII-1976 (5), 31 mi. SE Sarasota, Hwy. 72, 26-VII-1976 (4), 27-VII- 1976 (4), on Ludwigia repens , 27-VII-1976 (1), 23-VII-1976 (2), 27-VII-1976 (36), 29-VI-1980 (1), 32 mi. SE Sarasota, Hwy. 72, 26-VII-1976 (22), 27-VII-1976 (52), 33 mi. SE Sarasota, Hwy. 72, 29-VI-1980 (6), Myakka River St. Pk., 23-VI-1965 (4), 27-V-1976 (39), 28-V-1976 (2), 29-VI-1980 (8), 23-VII-1976 (22), 24-VII- 1976 (12), 25-VII-1976 (73), 27-VII-1976 (21), 28-VII-1976 (10), 29-VII-1976 (5); St. Lucie Co., 22 mi. W Ft. Pierce, 16-VII-1973 (1); Sumter Co., Bartow, 7-21-XI-1978 (1); Taylor Co., 4 mi. NW Perry, 11-VI-1965 (1), 5 mi. S Perry, Hwy. 361, 29-VI-1973 (76), 7 mi. S Perry, Hwy. 361, 14-VI-1973 (2), 9 mi. S Perry, Hwy. 361, 14-VI-1973 (1), 29-VI-1973 (1), 11 mi. NW Steinhatchee, 24-V-1989 (1), 14-VI-1973 (3); Volusia Co., 4 mi. SE Barberville, 26-1-1974 (2); Wakulla Co., 1 mi. N Spring Creek, 31-V-1973 (1), 19-VI-1973 (1), 7-VII-1973 (2), Mysterious Waters, 20-III-1983 (1). GEORGIA: Bibb Co., Ga. For. Comm. Sta., 1-11-VIII-1975 (1). INDIANA: Lafayette, 10-VII-1969 (1); Tippecanoe Co., 6 mi. N Lafayette, Kolb Pond, 21-VII-1967 (2). LOUISIANA: Natchitoches Par., Kisatchie Nat. For., Red Bluff. Campgrd., 15-V-1982 (1). MARYLAND: Pr. Georges Co. College Park, 5-VI-1960 (1). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co., Landon, 30-VI-1969 (4); Hancock Co., Pearlington, 31-V- 1965 (1). OHIO: Franklin Co., Columbus, berlese swamp debris, 18-IV-1976 (2). OKLAHOMA: Osage Co., 17 mi. N Pawhuska, temporary pond, MMF 970188, 14-V-1997 (6), Wichita Wildlife Ref., 17-VI-1970 (1). SOUTH CAROLINA: Allendale Co., 2 mi. E Allendale, 15-VII-1977 (1); Barnwell Co., Snelling, in Carolina Bay, 24-VI-2006 (12); Orangeburg Co., Orangeburg Nat. Fish Hatch., at Cannon Br. Rd., 15-VII-1977 (1); Sumter Co., Booth Farms, Eel Pond, 16-IV- 1977 (4). TEXAS: Castro Co., 3 mi. N Dimmitt, 18-VII-1971 (6); Crosby Co., 4.5 mi. SSW Crosbyton, Playa, CR14, Sur.3, 30-V-1994 (1); Floyd Co., 8 mi. N Floydada, Playa Lake, on Eleocharis macrostachys , 18-VII-1970 (2), 8-VII- 1970 (6); 12 mi. NE Floydada, on Eleocharis macrostachys , 25-VI-1970 (3), 2-VII-1970 (6), 6-VIII-1970 (8); Hale Co., Plainview, 14-VI-1970 (6), 25-VI-1970 (13); Lubbock Co., 1 mi. E New Deal, Playa Lake, 18-V-1970 (1), 9-VI-1970 (1), nr. New Deal, 18-V-1970 (1), 18-VIII-1969 (1), 3 mi. NE Shallowater, Playa Lake, 26-V-1970 (68), 27-V-1970 (64), 23-VI-1970 (24), 1-VII- 1970 (66), 11-VII-1970 (2), swept Polygonum bicorne and Paspalum distichum , 11-VII-1970 (12), 1-VII-1970 (6), 3.2 mi. WSW Slaton, LU12, SUR 2 Playa, 4-VI-1994 (11). Specimens are deposited in all collections cited with codens in Material and Methods.

Figures

Figs. 1–8. Lissorhoptrus species, habitus, dorsal and lateral views. 1, 2) L. simplex; 3, 4) L. oryzophilus;

Figs. 19–30. Lissorhoptrus species. 19–27: Male hind tibial mucro (internal lateral view). 19) L. simplex; 20) L. oryzophilus; 21) L. lacustris; 22) L. longipennis; 23) L. longitarsus; 24) L. buchanani; 25) L. chapini; 26) L. insularis; 27) L. robbinsorum. 28) L. oryzophilus, female hind tibial mucro. 29–30: Apical margin of female seventh tergite. 29) L. oryzophilus, a = deep emargination, b = extruded ovipositor; 30) L. simplex, c = shallow emargination.

Figs. 31–34. Lissorhoptrus species, male median lobe, dorsal view. 31) L. simplex; 32) L. oryzophilus; 33) L. lacustris; 34) L. robbinsorum.