Gonolobus cteniophorus (S.F.Blake) Woodson (1941: 243)

Carnevali, Germán, Romero-González, Gustavo A., Tapia-Muñoz, José Luis, Ramírez-Morillo, Ivón M., Ramírez-Díaz, Claudia J., Cetzal-Ix, William, Stefano, Rodrigo Duno De & Romero-Soler, Katya J., 2022, Twice lost, twice found: A new species of Gonolobus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) with a reappraisal of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province, Phytotaxa 530 (2), pp. 141-162 : 154

Gonolobus cteniophorus (S.F.Blake) Woodson (1941: 243)

≡ Vincetoxicum cteniophorum Blake (1917: 84) ≡ Matelea cteniophora (S.F.Blake) Shinners (1964: 366).

Type : — Belize, Toledo: “a low climber in thicket, Toledo, 5 April 1907 ”, M.E. Peck 821 (Holotype, GH!; isotype K, n.v.) .

= Vincetoxicum lundellii Standley (1930: 148) . Type : British Honduras. Honey Camp, October 1929, C.L. Lundell 540 (Holotype, F-603593, photo!; isotypes K, n.v., CAS, n.v., GH!, G, n.v, NY, n.v.)

= Vincetoxicum tortum Brandegee (1924: 414) . Type: Mexico. Veracruz, Santa Lucrecia, C.A. Purpus 9012 (Holotype, UC-220312, photo!; isotype, MO, photo!).

Notes:—This species is widespread in the YPBP, usually in flooded areas and mangrove associations. Outside of the YPBP, it has been collected in Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. The species is easily diagnosed in by its extremely narrow corolla lobes with a longitudinal line of trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long along its right margin. The sinus of the leaf base is relatively shallow and broad, which makes it distinctive even vegetatively ( Figs. 1B , 3B ).

Specimens examined:— MEXICO. Campeche: Mun. Calakmul, a 7.9 km al N del poblado Bel-ha , 18°59’49” N, 89°17’57” W, 136 m, 7 July 2003, D. Álvarez 5964 ( MEXU) ; a 1.6 km al NO de Dos Naciones , 17°59’ 3” N, 89°21’41” W, 205 m, 12 August 2003, D. Álvarez 6187 ( MEXU) ; 5 km al S de Constitución, a 70 km al E de Escárcega , approx. 18°36’ N, 90° 8’11” W, 10 July 1983, E. Cabrera & O. Canul 5072 ( MEXU) ; a 55 km al N de Xpujil , 18°59’46.8” N, 89°18’1.4”W, 147 m, 22 August 2002, D. Álvarez, C. H. Ramos, E. Martínez S. & J. P. Abascal 1983 ( MEXU) ; a 2 km al E del poblado “Unión 20 de Junio” camino a Flores Magón , 18°48’34” N, 89°16’32” W, 205 m, 17 March 2003, D. Álvarez & C. Jiménez J. 4284 ( MEXU) ; a 7.6 km al E del poblado “Unión 20 de Junio” (antes la Mancolona ), 18°44’55” N, 89°13’48” W, 160 m, 18 August 2002, D. Álvarez, C. H. Ramos, E. Martínez S., F. Chiang & J.P. Abascal 1851 ( MEXU) ; a 16 km al N de Xpujil, camino a Dzibalchén , 18°39’18” N, 89°24’29” W, 260 m, 12 October 1997, E. Martínez S., D. Álvarez, S. Ramírez, E. Lira & E. Madrid 28826 ( MEXU) ; Zoh-Laguna , por la laguna del pueblo, 18°35’39” N, 89°24’48” W, 290 m, 5 September 1997, G. Bacab W. 61 ( MEXU, TEX) ; a 65 km al N de Xpujil, camino a Dzibalchén , 19°2’42”N, 89°18’06”W, 140 m, 29 October 1997, E. Martínez S., D. Álvarez & S. Ramírez 29677-A ( MEXU) ; km 20 de la carretera Xpujil-Campeche , 18°41’30” N, 89°24’13” W, 270 m, 12 October 1997, E.M. Lira C., E. Martínez, D. Álvarez, S. Ramírez & E. Madrid 83 ( MEXU) ; a 15 km al N de Xpujil, camino a Dzibalchén , 18°39’42” N, 89°24’27” W, 330 m, 11 August 1997, E. Martínez S., D. Álvarez & S. Ramírez 28366 ( MEXU) ; Mun. [Calakmul], a 4 km al N de Zoh-Laguna, sobre el camino a Dzibalchén , 18°40’ N, 89°26’ W, 200 m, 3 September 1996, P. Álvaro M. 534 ( MEXU) ; a 10 km al S de Xcan-ha, camino a Xpujil , 19°1’28”N, 89°17’38”W, 82 m, 25 June 1997, E. Martínez S. & D. Álvarez M. 27410 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Calkiní, 11 km al W de Tankuché hacia Isla Arena , al sur de la carretera, 20°31’50” N, 90°20’45” W, 31 October 1993, F. Tun, J.C. Trejo & R. Durán 62 ( CICY) ; Mun . Campeche, 3 km al E de Castamay carretera Castamay-Hopelchén , 19°49’25” N, 90°24’40” W, 25 February 1992, M. Méndez, R. Durán & G. Campos-Ríos 515 ( CICY, MEXU) ; Mun. Carmen, en Finca Mamantel, sobre el río Las Cruces , en el sistema pluvio-lagunar del Río Palizada , approx. 18°20’25” N, 91°41’10” W, 25 November 1987, E. Cabrera & H. de Cabrera 14965 ( MEXU) ; Vapor , approx. 18°24’ 6” N, 91°50’20” W, 25-28 July 1939, E. Matuda 3903 (F, GH, MEXU) ; Mun. Champotón, a 2 km al N de Seybaplaya. camino a Payacán Punta Morritos , 19°39’ 4” N, 90°42’20” W, 10 m, 3 May 1998, E. Martínez S. 30741-A ( MEXU) ; Mun. Hopelchén , a 4.61 km. al ENE de Chan-Chen, 19°13’13” N, 89°13’22”W, 112 m, 5 August 2004, D. Álvarez, A. Ramírez & E. Sosa 1032bis ( MEXU) ; a 3 km al S de Xcan-ha, camino a Xpujil , 19° 4’24” N, 89°19’18” W, 80 m, 29 June 1997, E. Martínez S. & D. Álvarez M. 27457 ( MEXU) ; 19° 4’23” N, 89°19’18” W, 120 m, 17 November 1997, E. Martínez S., D. Álvarez & S. Ramírez 29795 ( MEXU) ; 12 November 1997, E. Madrid N., D. Olguera, D. Álvarez, E. Martínez & E. Lira 362 ( MEXU) ; a 5.3 km al NO de Chan-Chen , 19°14’21” N, 89°13’26” W, 106 m, 11 June 2004, D. Álvarez, A. Ramírez, C. H. Ramos, E. Martínez S. & F. Sosa M. 8855 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Palizada, Santa Elena-Palizada , 18° 5’52” N, 92° 2’18” W, 6 m, 17 January 1982, C. Chan 1164 ( CICY) . Quintana Roo: Mun. [Bacalar], 4 km from Margarita Maza to Nuevo Progreso , approx. 19° 5’ 7” N, 88°37’43” W, approx. 32 m, 3 July 2002, P. Acevedo & F. May Pat 12258 ( CICY, MEXU, US) ; 3–4 km al oeste de Nuevo Progreso, unos 24 km al oeste de Graciano Sánchez ( La Pantera ), 19°04’30” N, 88°42’10” W, 2 July 1997, G. Carnevali, F. May & D.L. Benzing 4502 ( CICY) ; Mun. Felipe Carrillo Puerto, a 38 km. al E de F. Carrillo Puerto, rumbo a Vigía Chico , approx. 19°46’ 5” N, 87°44’40” W, 15 October 1980, O. Téllez, M. García & E. Cabrera 3737 ( MEXU) ; Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve , 30 km NE of Carrillo Puerto, 19°50’ N, 87°50’ W, 2 November 1984, D.A. Neill, T.L. Wendt, I. Olmsted, R. Durán G. & F. Chiang C. 5771 ( MO) ; Mun. José María Morelos, a 4.15 km. al E del poblado Plan de la Noria , 19°18’27” N, 88°44’54” W, 96 m, 16 March 2004, D. Álvarez & A. Ramírez 8209 ( MEXU) ; a 2.78 km. al N del poblado Zafarrancho , 19°32’14” N, 88°52’23” W, 88 m, 19 March 2004, D. Álvarez & A. Ramírez 8462 ( MEXU) ; a 0.8 km. al O de San Isidro Poniente , 19°21’36” N, 88°57’28” W, 111 m, 18 June 2005, E. Martínez, A. Castañeda, A. Ramírez, C.H. Ramos & D. Álvarez 37879 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Othón P. Blanco, a 15 km. al NO de Tomás Garrido, sobre el camino a Dos Aguadas , approx. 18°6’22”N, 89°5’26”W, 2 July 1984, E. Cabrera & H. de Cabrera 6591 ( MEXU) . Yucatán: Mun. Hunucmá, a 12 km. al NO de Hunucmá, sobre el camino a Sisal , approx. 21°6’N, 89°68’10”W, 26 December 1985, E. Cabrera & H. de Cabrera 10411 ( MEXU) ; Hunucmá, 5 km de la carretera que va de Hunucmá a Sisal , 21° 2’30” N, 89°54’55” W, 4 October 1999, I. Ramírez, F. Chi & F. May 852 ( CICY) ; Mun. Kinchil , 23 km al E de Celestún, 15 August 1985, E. Estrada 298 ( CICY) ; Mun. Progreso, km. 33, Mérida road, approx. 21°16’35” N, 89°39’42” W, 23 July 1938, C.L. Lundell & A.A. Lundell 8065 ( GH, MEXU, MICH, TEX) . BELIZE. Orange Walk: Honey Camp , 18°02’ N, 88°26’ W, October 1929, C.L. Lundell 540 (F, GH, SMU) . GUATEMALA. Petén: Puerto Chimino, Laguna Petexbatún, 20 km S of Sayaxché, 16°25’53” N, 90°11’28” W, October-December 1989, H. Zomer 114 ( F) ; Tikal, Tikal National Park , 17°13’30” N, 89°36’47” W, 13 May 1959, C.L. Lundell 15990 ( TEX) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Gonolobus species in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). A. Southern Megamexico, including the YPBP, and Central America. The green line is the border of the YPBP. B. Distribution of Gonolobus barbatus, G. caamalii, and G. cteniophorus. C. Distribution of G. fraternus, G. glaberrimus, and G. leianthus. D. Distribution of G. stenanthus and its subspecies.Empty circles with a black dot inside represent collections that we have been unable to refer unambiguously to subspecies because specimens are sterile or fruiting. Maps drawn and edited by Claudia J. Ramírez and William Cetzal-Ix.

FIGURE 3. Gonolobus species of the YPBP.A. Gonolobus barbatus (based upon G. Carnevali 8584, CICY). B. G. cteniophorus (based upon G. Carnevali 7547, CICY). C. G. fraternus (based upon L. Ibarra-González s.n. (unvouchered)). D. Gonolobus leianthus (B.K. Holst s.n, SEL). E-F. Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. stenanthus (based upon L. Ibarra-González 603, CICY). G-I Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. yucatanensis (G based on Diana Beas s.n., unvouchered. H. based upon M.A. Caamal 01, CICY; I. (Based upon G. Carnevali et al. 8377, CICY, GH, MO). Photographs: A-B and I, G. Carnevali. C and E-F, León Ibarra González. D, Bruce K. Holst, downloaded from https:// www.naturalista.mx/observations/35867653) G, Diana Beas, downloaded from https://www.naturalista.mx/observations/54694745; H, Miguel Ángel Caamal.