Crinipellis wandoensis Antonín, R. Ryoo & K.H. Ka, 2014

Antonín, Vladimír, Ryoo, Rhim, Ka, Kang-Hyeon & Sou, Hong-Duck, 2014, Three new species of Crinipellis and one new variety of Moniliophthora (Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae) described from the Republic of Korea, Phytotaxa 170 (2), pp. 86-102 : 92-94

Crinipellis wandoensis Antonín, R. Ryoo & K.H. Ka , sp. nov. ( Figures 1B , 3 )

Mycobank MB 807008

Pileus 4–7 mm broad, obtusely conical or convex, papillate, brown with dark brown centre. Stipe 3–10 × up to 0.75 mm, fibrillose or hairy, dark brown. Basidiospores (7.0–)7.5–9.0 × 4.2–5.0 μm, ellipsoid, ellipsoid-fusoid, sublacrimoid. Cheilocystidia 12–16 × 5.5–8.0 μm, clavate, with apical projections. It is characterized by following combination of characters: a small, when young, hairy, brown pileus, a short, hairy, dark brown stipe, hairy rhizomorphs, moderately large, both non-dextrinoid and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores, broom cell cheilocystidia, no pleurocystidia, and growth on leaves.

Holotype:— REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Wando , Wando Arboretum, 15 August 2012 V. Antonín, R. Ryoo, K.- H. Ka and H.- D. Sou ( BRNM 751594 ).

Etymology:—According to its type locality in the Wando Arboretum.

Basidiocarps single or in small groups (2– 3 specimens). Pileus 4–7 mm broad, obtusely conical with slightly depressed centre with small papilla and involute margin when young, then convex with slightly depressed centre with small papilla (which may sometimes disappear when old), and inflexed to almost straight margin, distinctly radially hairy when very young (slightly tomentose at centre), later only with ± sparse, long (c. 1 mm), brownish to whitish hairs, which are adpressed and sometimes (sub)erect toward hairy margin, brown (6 C5–6 ), sometimes darker (6 E5 ), centre dark brown (3–4 F5–6 ), background later pale. Lamellae distant, L = 13–17, l = 1(–2), emarginate and very shortly attached or free, white, then pale yellowish (3–4 A2 ), with concolorous, pubescent edge. Stipe 13–30 × up to 0.75 mm, cylindrical, insititious, longitudinally fibrillose to almost hairy, especially at base in young specimens, concolorous with lamellae at very apex, dark brown (7 E – F5 ) otherwise appearing grey-brown due to hair colour. Context with ± fungoid smell and fungoid mild taste. Rhizomorphs cylindrical, hairy .

Basidiospores (7.0–)7.5–9.0 × 4.2–5.0 μm, average 8.2 × 4.6 μm, E = 1.54–2.02, Q = 1.80, ellipsoid, ellipsoidfusoid, sublacrimoid, thin-walled, both non-dextrinoid and slightly dextrinoid. Basidia 20–30 × 7.0–9.0 μm, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15–30 × 4.0–10 μm, clavate, fusoid, or cylindrical. Cheilocystidia 12–16 × 5.5–8.0 μm, clavate, thin-walled, with, digitate, obtuse, thin-walled apical projections (broom cells) up to 7.0 × 2.0 μm, mixed with rare smooth cells. Pleurocystidia absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical to (sub)inflated, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 15 μm wide, mixed with scattered, slightly thick-walled and dextrinoid ones. Pileipellis (hypotrichium) a cutis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical, non-dextrinoid to slightly dextrinoid, up to 10 μm wide hyphae; terminal cells fusoid or inflated, slightly thick-walled, (slightly) dextrinoid, smooth or minutely incrusted, up to 15(–20) μm wide. Pileus hairs up to c. 500 × 4.0–7.0(–12) μm, cylindrical, thick-walled (walls up to 1.0 μm), obtuse to subacute, rarely acute, septate, irregular at base, dextrinoid, with pale olivaceous walls in 5% KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, thick-walled (walls up to c. 1.0 μm), smooth, dextrinoid, up to 5.0 μm wide hyphae. Stipe hairs similar to pileus ones, but subacute to acute, up to 7.0(–8.0) μm wide, with up to 2.0 μm thick walls; with a layer of shorter, adpressed to erect, cylindrical, simple or branched, thick-walled (up to 1.0 μm), dextrinoid (terminal) cells. Clamp connections present in all tissues.

Habitat:—On fallen leaves of Quercus acuta .

Material studied:— REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Wando, Wando Arboretum, N 34º21’34’’, E 126º39’50’’, elev. 85– 120 m, 15 August 2012 V . Antonín (12.90), R . Ryoo , K.- H . Ka and H .- D. Sou ( HOLOTYPE, BRNM 751594 ) .

Remarks:— Crinipellis wandoensis is characterized by having small basidiocarps with a brown to dark brown pileus, distinctly hairy when very young (only sparsely hairy with maturity), a fibrillose to almost hairy stipe, welldeveloped, hairy rhizomorphs, (7.0–)7.5–9.0 × 4.2–5.0 μm, both non-dextrinoid and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores, cheilocystidia in the form of broom cells, no pleurocystidia, and a growth habit on fallen leaves.

In comparison with species having a non-red or vinaceous coloured pileus, broom-cells cheilocystidia and no pleurocystidia, Crinipellis rhizomorphica Haruki Takahashi (2011: 392) has closer lamellae (L = 19–23), short, 5–15(– 30) × 0.2–0.6 mm large, white rhizomorphs, larger basidiospores, (9.5–)11–13 × (4–) 4.5–5 µm, with a different E value (2.44–2.6), and larger cheilocystidia (17–33 × 6–10 µm) ( Takahashi 2011); C. canescens Haruki Takahashi (2000: 171) (= Moniliophthora canescens (Har. Takah.) Kerekes & Desjardin 2009: 137 ) especially differs in having narrower basidiospores (9.0–10.4 × 3.7–4.3 µm), and cheilocystidia with only one or several apical projections ( Takahashi 2000), and C. nigricaulis Haruki Takahashi (2000: 178) , which is macroscopically very similar, has a distinctly longer stipe (30–150(–200) mm), larger cheilocystidia (17–30 × 6–11 µm), and longer (200–1500 µm) pileus hairs ( Takahashi 2000); all three species were described from Japan.

A species from New Zealand, Crinipellis filiformis G. Stevenson (1964: 42) has a smaller, 1–2 mm broad pileus, and narrower, faintly dextrinoid basidiospores (9 × 4 µm); C. substipitaria G. Stevenson (1964: 43) , found also in Southeast Asia, has distinctly broader basidiospores (8.6–10.5 × 6.4–7.4 µm); C. procera G. Stevenson (1964: 43) , known also in Southeast Asia, has a 5–15 mm broad pileus, a longer stipe (60–100 mm), cheilocystidia 10 × 5 µm (but Kerekes & Desjardin: 11–20 × 4.5–8 µm), and narrower pileus hairs 2.5–4.5(–5) µm wide ( Kerekes & Desjardin 2009, Stevenson 1964).

Among Southeast Asian species, Crinipellis actinophora ( Berkeley & Broome 1875: 39) Singer (1955: 397) , has a darker, dark brown, then brown to greyish brown pileus, narrower basidiospores (6–10 × 3–5 µm), narrower pileus hairs (180–750 × 3–6 µm), and large, distinctly inflated cells in the pileipellis (see Kerekes & Desjardin 2009: Fig. 2 , 6b ) similar to those found in the pileipellis of the European species C. pedemontana Vizzini et al. (2007: 786) ; C. brunnescens Kerekes et al. (2009: 114) also has a darker pileus, a shorter stipe (8–12 × 0.4–0.8 mm), larger cheilocystidia (12–25 × 4–8 µm), and smaller (87–340 × 4–5 µm) pileus hairs; C. cupreostipes Kerekes et al. (2009: 116) has a very long, copper coloured stipe (40–550 mm), and narrower basidiospores with a different Q value (9–11 × 4–4.5 µm, Q = 2.4); C. dipterocarpi Singer (1943: 496) differs in having a paler coloured pileus, longer stipe (11–50 mm), and a different basidiospore size and Q value (5–10 × 3–5.5 µm, Q = 2.2) ( Kerekes & Desjardin 2009, Singer 1976). Crinipellis setipes ( Peck 1885: 109) Singer (1943: 493) , known from China, Thailand, NE North America and Mexico, has a paler and longer stipe (23–50 mm, 28–85 mm and 16–100 mm resp.), and smaller basidiospores (6–9 × 3.5–4.5 µm, 7–9 × 4–5 µm resp.) ( Bandala et al. 2012, Doyle 1987, Kerekes & Desjardin 2009).

Among South American taxa, C. podocarpi Singer in Singer & Digilio (1952: 225), described from Argentina, has different sized basidiospores (7–8.2 × 5–7.2 µm), and larger cheilocystidia (12–35 × 6–8.5 µm); C. stupparia (Berkeley & M.A. Curtis 1869: 285) Patouillard (1900: 143) , known from Cuba, Venezuela, Columbia and Brazil, has a different basidiospore size (6–9.8 × 4–7 µm), and larger cheilocystidia (15–38 × 3.5–11 µm) ( Singer 1976).

Crinipellis nsimalensis Antonín et al. (2012: 401) , described from Cameroon, has a larger, 10–25 mm broad pileus, a more robust (25–60 × 1–2 mm) stipe, larger basidiospores with a different Q value (9.5–11(–12) × (4.0–) 4.5–5.5(–6.5) μm, Q = 2.23), and larger cheilocystidia (25–45 × 6.0–13 μm); Crinipellis kisanganensis Antonín & Buyck (2012: 402) , known in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has narrower basidiospores with a different Q value (8.0–10 × 3.5–4.75 μm, Q = 2.04–2.44), and larger cheilocystidia ((12–)15–26 × 4.5–9.0 μm) ( Antonín 2012, 2013).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photos of basidiocarps.A-a. Crinipellis birhizomorpha,A-b. two types of rhizomorphs of C. birhizomorpha, B. C. wandoensis, C-a. C. pallidipilus, C-b. one type of rhizomorph of C. pallidipilus, d. Moniliophthora conchata var. brevispora. Photo V.Antonín and K.-H. Ka.

FIGURE 2. Crinipellis birhizomorpha. a. cheilocystidia, b. basidiospores, c. pileus hairs, d. surface of abortive pilei. Scale bar = 20 μm for a–c, 50 μm for d.

FIGURE 3. Crinipellis wandoensis. a. cheilocystidia, b. basidiospores, c. pileus hairs. Scale bar = 20 μm.

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Crinipellis based on ITS rDNA using Bayesian (MCMC) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. The numbers on the left are posterior probabilities (PP) and those on the right are bootstrap values (BS) on the supported node. The phylogenetic tree is a 50% majority-rule consensus tree calculated from the burn-in value of 25,000 trees using the GTR + G model with 107 generations for four chains on MCMC analysis, and estimated in 1000 replicates with the random addition of sequences during each heuristic search under ML analysis.