Homocopris williami Darling & Génier, 2024

Génier, François & Darling, James D. G., 2024, Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe), European Journal of Taxonomy 925, pp. 220-267 : 254-259

Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:94FAF15A-7945-460D-BF15-69FB3D05CBD0

Figs 11–12 , 23–24 , 30 , 36 , 55 , 66

Pinotus torulosus – Lange 1947: 313 (distribution).

Differential diagnosis

Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance; anteromedial pronotal edge curvature tends to be continuous; posterior pronotal surface uniformly punctate; elytral interstriae punctation tends to be visible at 10 × magnification; metasternal depression divided anteriorly. ♂ pronotal ridge with two sets of distinct bilaterally paired tubercles in large individuals; paramere apex evenly rounded; FLP endophallite elongate, with two indentations along right edge.

Etymology

Williami is the Latin singular genitive form of William. This species is named in honour of the second author’s brother, William Darling.

Name-bearing type data

Holotype ♂ ( MZSP) ( Fig. 55 ): “ BRASIL: SÃO PAULO | 50km SE Mogi das Cruzes | Serra do Mar, Est. Biol. | Boracéia , 800-900m, 28-30. | IV.1997, F. Génier & S. Ide | ex. carrion trap, cloud forest”; “ WORLD | SCARAB. | DATABASE | WSD00035694” [barcode label]; “ HOLOTYPE ♂ | Homocopris | williami | Des. Darling & Génier, 2018” [on red card with black border].

Type locality

Estação Biológica de Boracéia, 23°38′55″ S, 45°52′20″ W, 800–900 m, Salesópolis, Serra do Mar Mountains, São Paulo, Brazil.

Type material

Holotype

BRASIL • ♂ ( Fig. 55 ); São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia, 50 km SE of Mogi das Cruzes, Serra do Mar ; [23°38′55″ S, 45°52′20″ W]; 800–900 m; 28–30 Apr. 1997; F. Génier and S. Ide; cloud forest, dung trap; MZSP.

Allotype

BRASIL • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP.

Other material examined (55 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀)

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • 5 ♂♂; Nova Friburgo, Upper Macaé River (“ Haut Rio Macaé ”); [22°23′ S, 42°28′ W]; Apr. 1884; P. Germain; MNHN • 1 ♂; unspecified locality]: [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN . – Rio Grande do Sul • 2 ♀♀; Nova Prata ; [28°47′ S, 51°36′ W]; 30 Sep. 2001; C. Arioli; CEMT • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; São Francisco de Paula ; [29°26′49″ S, 50°34′45″ W]; 14 Jan. 2008; L. Audino; human dung; CEMT . – Santa Catarina • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Bom Jardim da Serra ; [28°20′30″ S, 49°37′30″ W]; Dec. 2001; C. Arioli; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 2002; C. Arioli; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 28 Dec. 2001; C. Arioli; CEMT • 4 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 3 Jan. 2002; C. Arioli; CEMT • 1 ♂; Campos Novo ; [27°23′ S, 51°12′ W]; Feb. 2011; R.C. Campos; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Feb. 2013; R.C. Campos; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Monte Castelo ; [26°43′ S, 50°19′ W]; 881 m; 6 Aug. 2012; A.L. Brandl; mata nativa, pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; Seara, Nova Teutônia ; [27°11′ S, 52°23′ W]; [no date]; F. Plaumann; CAS • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jun.; F. Plaumann; CAS • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; Sep.; F. Plaumann; CAS • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Nov.; F. Plaumann; CAS • 1 ♂; same collection data for preceding; GHCM • 1 ♂; Urubici ; [27°59′ S, 49°35′ W]; 25 Nov. 2012; J.A. Bogoni; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Urubici ; [28°8′21″ S, 49°37′51″ W]; 1300 m; 17 Dec. 2015; P.G. da Silva; pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 1 ♀; Urubici ; [28°9′32″ S, 49°37′49″ W]; 1600 m; 20 Nov. 2015; P.G. da Silva; pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 17 Dec. 2015; P.G. da Silva; pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 23 Apr. 2016; P.G. da Silva; pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT . – São Paulo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CEMT • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 28–30 Apr. 1997, F. Génier and S. Ide; cloud forest, carrion trap; CMNC • 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 28–30 Apr. 1997; F. Génier and S. Ide; cloud forest, dung trap; CMNC • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype; 28–30 Apr. 1997; F. Génier and S. Ide; cloud forest, feces trap; CMNC • 1 ♀; Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia ; [23°38′55″ S, 45°52′20″ W]; 22 Sep. 1965; [anonymous]; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 6 Oct. 1965; [anonymous]; dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 21 Sep. 2012; A. Díaz; Atlantic Forest , human feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; Santo André, Estação Biológica do Alto da Serra ; [23°47′ S, 46°18′ W]; Apr. 1926; [anonymous]; MZSP • 1 ♂; São Miguel Arcanjo, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho ; [24°3′59″ S, 47°59′39″ W]; 580 m; 13 May 2012; M. Boutefeu; Tapirus feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 15 May 2012; M. Boutefeu; Tapirus feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; São Miguel Arcanjo, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho ; [24°3′40″ S, 47°58′44″ W]; 806 m; 29 Jan. 2012; E. Bovy (1); human feces; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; São Miguel Arcanjo, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho ; [24°3′46″ S, 47°58′44″ W]; 823 m; 29 Jan. 2012; E. Bovy (2); human feces; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN .

Description

Male holotype ( Figs 11 , 23 , 30 , 36 )

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 15.1 mm.

HEAD. Clypeus bidentate with broad, rounded teeth. Anteroventral clypeal tooth broad. Clypeal and genal surface rugose, clypeogenal suture demarcated by shallow notch. Posterior genal angle obtuse. Frontal surface reduced, smooth. Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance. Interocular surface medially smooth. Cephalic horn emerging centrally from clypeofrontal surface, tapering apically, gently curved, 4.7 mm in length.

PROTHORAX. Anteromedial pronotal edge curvature continuous. Lateral pronotal edge angular on anterior fourth in dorsal view. Anterior inclined pronotal surface with fine, transverse rugosities. Pronotal ridge with two sets of distinct bilaterally paired tubercles. Posterior pronotal surface uniformly punctate. Prosternal apex acutely tipped.

ELYTRA. Glossy overall. Striae 1–6 widest anteriorly; narrowing posteriorly. Third and fourth striae posteriorly joined. Eighth stria absent throughout. Ninth stria effaced along anterior quarter of elytral length. Interstriae convex, finely punctate.

HINDWING. Membrane edge between AP and AA sinuous. AP vein entire, converging with J.

VENTRITES. Meso-metasternal suture straight. Surface of median metasternal lobe with uneven texture and deep, anteriorly divided impression. Lateral metasternal lobe densely setose. Fifth abdominal ventrite with sparse medial punctation. Pygidium coarsely punctate.

PROTHORACIC LEGS. Anterior and posterior surfaces of profemur with dense row of long dark setae. Ventral profemoral surface finely punctate, sparsely setose. Protibia with three distinct teeth. Protibial forespur apically tapered, curving inward.

MESOTHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of mesotrochanter with tuft of long dark setae. Anterior and posterior surfaces of mesofemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of mesotibia serrate. Width at mesotibial apex one-third mesotibial length.

METATHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of metatrochanter with tuft of long dark setae. Anterior and posterior surfaces of metafemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of metatibia serrate. Width at metatibial apex one-third metatibial length.

MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus length: 3.5 mm. Medially paired sclerites of genital segment elongate, subequal in length to lateral sclerites. Paramere ( Fig. 30 ) laterally flattened, slightly tapering from base to apex with apex evenly rounded. FLP endophallite ( Fig. 36 ) elongate with two indentations along right edge.

Female allotype ( Figs 12 , 24 )

Similar to male with the following exceptions: Body length 14.3 mm. Clypeofrontal carina transverse, centrally raised. Interocular surface chagrined. Anterior pronotal ridge low, followed by shallow concavity.

Variation

Body length 13–19 mm. Small males with medially projecting clypeofrontal ridge instead of cephalic horn. Anteromedial pronotal edge evenly curved more often than indented. Pronotal ridge in small males low, medially notched. Elytral interstriae finely punctate (visible at 10 ×) more often than minutely punctate (invisible at 10 ×).

Distribution ( Fig. 66 )

Serra do Mar and Serra Geral Mountains in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, with recorded elevations from 800 to 1600 m.

Natural history

Specimens with data were collected in cloud and sub-montane Atlantic Forest. Some specimens came to carrion and dung traps, pitfall traps baited with human faeces and faeces of Tapirus Brisson, 1762 at elevations between 580 m and 1600 m.

Identification key to species of Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 and Andinocopris gen. nov.

1 Dorsal ocular width greater than one quarter of interocular distance; lateral pronotal carina and pronotal edge joined anteriorly and posteriorly, forming a closed ellipse in lateral view ( Figs 13– 16 ); meso-metasternal suture posteriorly arcuate between mesocoxae ( Fig. 60 ). Metasternum broadly flat ( Fig. 42 ), some individuals with a narrow and shallow longitudinal sulcus. ♂ pronotal armament forming an overhanging ridge or bifurcating projection in large individuals ( Figs 13, 15 ). Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.............................................................................................. Andinocopris gen. nov. 2

– Dorsal ocular width approximately one sixth of interocular distance; lateral pronotal carina and pronotal edge only joined anteriorly, forming an open ellipse in lateral view ( Figs 17–24 ); meso-metasternal suture approximately straight between median coxae ( Fig. 61 ); metasternum with a large median depression ( Figs 43–45 ). ♂ pronotal armament forming bilaterally paired tubercles along an inclined ridge in large individuals ( Figs 5, 7 , 9, 11 ). Chile, Argentina, Brazil.................... .......................................................................................................... Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 3

2. Elytral interstriae flat ( Fig. 46 ). Fifth abdominal ventrite with dense setigerous punctation. Body length: 20–34 mm. Colombia, Ecuador (Carchi) .................................... A. achamas ( Harold, 1867)

– Elytral interstriae slightly convex. Fifth abdominal ventrite smooth. Body length: 15–20 mm. Ecuador, Peru.................................................................................... A. buckleyi ( Waterhouse, 1891)

3. Posterior pronotal surface uniformly punctate. Metasternal impression divided anteriorly ( Fig. 43 ). ♂ anterior inclined pronotal surface with fine, transverse rugosities ( Fig. 48 ); one or two sets of bilaterally paired tubercles transversely spread along pronotal ridge in large individuals ( Figs 5 , 11 ); paramere apex broad, rounded ( Figs 27, 30 ). Brazil........................................................................ 4

– Posterior pronotal surface unevenly punctate-rugulate ( Fig. 49 ). Metasternal impression entire ( Figs 44–45 ). ♂ anterior inclined pronotal surface with irregular, fused rugosities ( Fig. 49 ); three sets of bilaterally paired tubercles transversely spread along pronotal ridge in large individuals ( Figs 7 , 9 ); paramere apex acutely tipped ( Figs 28–29 ). Argentina (Río Negro), Chile.................. 5

4. Anterior pronotal edge tends to be medially indented. Elytral interstriae punctation tends not to be visible at 10× magnification. ♂ pronotal ridge with a single medial pair of distinct tubercles in large individuals ( Fig. 5 ). Paramere apex unevenly rounded, projecting dorsally ( Fig. 27 ). FLP endophallite reduced ( Fig. 33 ). Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) ................................................. ........................................................................................... H. grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov.

– Anterior pronotal edge evenly curved. Elytral interstriae punctation tends to be visible at 10 × magnification. ♂ pronotal ridge with two pairs of distinct tubercles in large individuals ( Fig. 11 ). Paramere apex evenly rounded ( Fig. 30 ). FLP endophallite elongate ( Fig. 36 ). Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) ... H. williami Darling & Génier sp. nov.

5. Lateral pronotal edge angular on anterior fourth in dorsal view ( Figs 9–10 ); width of ellipse formed by lateral pronotal carina and edge approximately one third the elliptical length ( Figs 21–22 ). Metasternal depression extending into anterior portion of median metasternal lobe ( Fig. 45 ). ♂ cephalic horn length never exceeding interocular distance. FLP endophallite elongate, bent, with internal angle adjacent to sclerotized extension ( Fig. 35 ). Argentina (Río Negro), Chile........................................ ........................................................................................................ H. torulosus ( Eschscholtz, 1822)

– Lateral pronotal edge broadly arcuate on anterior half in dorsal view ( Figs 7–8 ); width of ellipse formed by lateral pronotal carina and edge approximately one-half the elliptical length ( Figs 19– 20 ). Metasternal depression limited to posterior portion of median metasternal lobe( Fig.44 ). ♂ cephalic horn length up to twice the interocular distance in large individuals; FLP endophallite crescent-shaped, with one end rounded and the other toothed ( Fig. 34 ). Chile........ H. punctatissimus ( Curtis, 1845)

Figures

Figs 9–12. Dorsal habitus. 9. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 10. Homocopris torulosus, specimen ♀ (repository unknown). 11. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP). 12. Homocopris williami, allotype, ♀ (MZSP).

Figs 21–24. Head and pronotum, lateral view.21. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 22. Homocopris torulosus, specimen ♀ (repository unknown). 23. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP). 24. Homocopris williami, allotype, ♀ (MZSP).

Figs25–30. Paramere,lateralview.25. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov.,specimen ♂ (CMNC). 26. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 27. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 28. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 29. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 30. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 32. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 33. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 34. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 35. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 36. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 46–57. 46–49. Elytral striae, posterolateral view. 46. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 47. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). Anterior pronotal surface. 48. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 49. Homocopris torulosus, neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 50–57. Type specimen labels. 50. Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867. 51. Pinotus buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891). 52. Homocopris grossiorum. 53. Copris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845). 54. Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822. 55. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov. 56. Pinotus simulator Luederwaldt, 1936. 57. Pinotus dahli Landin, 1955.

Fig. 66. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov. and Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.

Figs13–16.Headandpronotum,lateralview.13. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 14. Andinocopris achamas, paralectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 15. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 16. Andinocopris buckleyi, specimen ♀ (MNHN).

Figs 58–64. 58. Copris victorini Boheman, 1857, pronotum oblique view. 59. Sulcophanaeus carnifex (Linnaeus, 1758), pronotum oblique view. 60. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., meso-metasternal suture, ventral view.61. Homocopris torulosus(Eschscholtz, 1822), mesometasternal suture, ventral view. 62. A. achamas, left elytron, oblique view. 63. H. torulosus, elytron underside. 64. Sulcophanaeus carnifex, hindwing.

Figs 42–45. Metasternum, ventral view. In specimens with a metasternal depression, the lateral depression is bordered with white dotted lines. For Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., a red dotted line indicates where the metasternal depression is interrupted. 42. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♀ (MNHN) 43. Homocopris grossiorum, holotype ♂ (MZSP). 44. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♀ (NMPC). 45. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), specimen ♂ (CMNC).

Figs 17–20. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 17. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 18. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 19. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 20. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (BNPC).

Figs 5–8. Dorsal habitus. 5. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 6. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 7. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 8. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (NMPC).