Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Opler & Grishin, 2021

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2021, Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 9 (3), pp. 1-55 : 5

Boreographium Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ 32D82A5D-2DEB-4685-8179-D5FF9E5F2225

Type species. Papilio marcellus Cramer, 1777 .

Definition. As revealed by genome-scale phylogenetic trees ( Zhang et al. 2019d; Zhang et al. 2019c), the type species of this new subgenus is in the same clade with the subgenus

Mimoides K. Brown, 1991 ( type species Papilio Fig. 2. Genus Eurytides with subgenera Boreographium ariarathes Esper, 1788 ) (Fig. 2). However, its subgen. n. (red), Mimoides (blue), Neographium (cyan), wing patterns and shapes are more similar to Protesilaus (purple) and Eurytides (black).

subgenus Neographium Möhn, 2002 ( type species Papilio philolaus Boisduval, 1836 ). This phenotypic distinction and early divergence from the common ancestor with Mimoides suggest that the marcellus clade should be defined as a subgenus of its own. This new subgenus is diagnosed by male genitalia: a unique broadly rounded ear-shaped harpe with a dorsal narrow keel projecting ventrad as a tooth for half of its length, and with two prominent narrow teeth: dorsal tooth directed anteriad, ventral tooth directed caudad, as illustrated on plate 66 in Tyler et al (1994). In other subgenera, the harpe is either narrower, or the keel is broader or not projecting beyond harpe, or the teeth are smaller or directed differently.

Etymology. The name is a masculine noun in the nominative singular, formed from Boreo [tis] (Latin for northern) + Graphium in reference to the northernmost representatives of the " Graphium " complex of taxa in America distributed up to northern Minnesota ( Lotts and Naberhaus 2021).

Species included. Only the type species.

Parent taxon. Genus Eurytides Hübner, [1821] .