Bonaspeiini Zahniser & Dietrich, 2013: 50

Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), Zootaxa 5199 (1), pp. 1-79 : 5

Bonaspeiini Zahniser & Dietrich, 2013: 50 .

Diagnosis (modified from Zahniser & Dietrich (2013). Medium sized leafhoppers; forewings often submacropterous ( Fig. 7I ) to brachypterous ( Fig. 11M ) and in the former, hind wings strap-like ( Figs 7J , 17M ) and in the latter hind wings reduced in size ( Fig. 11N ) or absent. Connective wider than long ( Colistra Fig. 7H , Proekoides Fig. 16K–O , Proekes Fig. 23H ) with arms strongly divergent with stem often very short ( Fig. 7H ) or absent; equidistant in Xhoreus gen. n. Fig. 20K ; rarely longer than wide (e.g., Hadroca Theron, 1974 ). Male pygofer usually deeply incised (dorsal bridge very short e.g., Colistra , Fig. 7A–B , Bonaspeia Linnavuori, 1961 , Caffrolix Linnavuori, 1961 , Curvostylus Davies, 1987 ) with segment 10 large (except Xhoreus gen. n.). Ovipositor sometimes distinctly protruding far beyond pygofer apex, e.g., Proekes ( Figs 22F–J , 24J , 27C, D, G ,).

Remarks. The tribe Bonaspeiini , like many other Deltocephalinae tribes, is poorly defined morphologically, there being no unique characters found in all genera. The characters noted in the above diagnosis are a reduced set compared to that given by Zahniser & Dietrich (2013). Of the characters used by these authors to define the tribe the color range of ivory, greenish, or brownish is considered too wide ranging to be diagnostic. In addition, the absence of transverse carinae on the fore margin of the head (a situation found in most Deltocephalinae ) was only mentioned by Zahniser & Dietrich (2013) because it is a diagnostic character for Selenocephalini, which was paired with some Bonaspeiini in molecular studies (pers. com. J. Zahniser). A group of genera in Bonaspeiini , (including those studied here) have reduced wings but this could be due to convergent evolution and habitat but the strap-like hind wings found in all submacropterous forms is unusual. Based on the above findings, the validity of the tribe awaits further studies on the many other similar new genera and species which have been found in the Savanna and Fynbos Biomes.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Colistra parvulus (Linnavuori, 1961), line drawings, male. A, genital capsule, dorsally. B, genital capsule, laterally. C, subgenital plate, ventrally. D, aedeagus, laterally. E, aedeagus, shaft apex, posteriorly. F, pygofer, lobe, laterally. G, style. H, connective. I, tegmina. J, hind wing.

FIGURE 11. Colistra bucapitatus sp. n., line drawings, male. A, genital capsule, dorsally. B, genital capsule, laterally. C, subgenital plate. D, pygofer lobe laterally. E, connective, a–b, width across stem, c–d, width across arms, e, length stem, f, length arms. F, connective, Cedarberg specimen. G–K, aedeagus laterally. G, Papkuilsvlei specimen. H, Natures Valley specimen. I, Keurboom specimen. J, Caledon specimen. K, Remhoogte specimen. L, style, a, apophysis length, sagittal plane, a–b, midsection, b–c, basal length, d–e, angle of apophysis. M, tegmina. N, hind wing.

FIGURE 16. Proekoides species, line drawings, male genitalia. A–E, aedeagus, laterally. A, P. hawekwae Stiller, 1986. B, P. cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986. C, P. piketensis Stiller, 1986. D, P. koebergis Stiller, 1986. E, P. postspina sp. n. F–J, aedeagus, posteriorly. F, P. hawekwae Stiller, 1986. G, P. cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986. H, P. piketensis Stiller, 1986. I, P. koebergis Stiller, 1986. J, P. postspina sp. n. K–O, connective. K, P. hawekwae Stiller, 1986. L, P. cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986. M, P. piketensis Stiller, 1986. N, P. koebergis Stiller, 1986. O, P. postspina sp. n. P–T, style. P, P. hawekwae Stiller, 1986. Q, P. cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986. R, P. piketensis Stiller, 1986. S, P. koebergis Stiller, 1986. T, P. postspina sp. n.

FIGURE 17. Proekoides postspina sp. n., line drawings, male. A, genital capsule, dorsally. B, genital capsule, laterally. C, subgenital plate, ventrally. D, style. E, aedeagus, anteriorly. F, aedeagus, apex, laterally. G, aedeagus, laterally. H, aedeagus, posteriorly. I, pygofer lobe, laterally. J, pygofer lobe, dorsally. K, connective. L, tegmina. M, hind wing.

FIGURE 20.Xhoreus ulosentus sp. n., line drawings, male.A, genital capsule, dorsally.B, genital capsule, laterally.C, subgenital plate. D, style, dorsally. E, style, laterally. F, aedeagus, laterally. G, aedeagus, shaft apex, laterally. H, aedeagus, shaft, atrium and preatrium, dorsally. I, aedeagal process, apex, dorsolaterally. J, aedeagus, shaft apex, laterocaudally. K, connective. L, tegmina. M, hind wing.

FIGURE 22. Proekes species habitus views. A–I, P. cephaleus (Naudé, 1926), male, female and nymph. A, male, dorsally, Hawekwa specimen. B, male, dorsally, Fisantekraal specimen. C, female, dorsally, Slagboom specimen. D, female, dorsally, Caledon specimen. E, F, nymphs, pale and dark Fisantekraal specimens, respectively. G, female terminalia, ventrally, Caledon specimen. H, head and pronotum dorsally, Slagboom specimen. I, female, face, Caledon specimen. P. hemiplatyphalis sp. n., female, male and nymph. J, K, female, dorsally, laterally respectively. L, male, dorsally. M, nymph. A–G, J–M, scale=1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Proekes cephaleus (Naudé, 1926), male, line drawings inTheron 1975 and additional drawings. A–I, Theron, 1975. A, head dorsally. B, head, laterally. C, pygofer lobe and anal tube, laterally. D, subgenital plate, in part, ventrally. E, aedeagus, laterally. F, aedeagus, anteriorly. G, style, dorsally. H, connective. I, tegmina. J–U, additional drawings. J, genital capsule, dorsally. K, subgenital plate and valve, ventrally. L–Q, aedeagus. L, laterally, Hawekwa specimen. M, laterally, Fisantekraal specimen. N, anteriorly, Fisantekraal specimen. O–Q, laterally, anteriorly, posteriorly, Verlorenvlei specimen. R, genital capsule, laterally, Fisantekraal specimen. S, pygofer lobe, laterally, Fisantekraal specimen. T, hind wing, male, Fisantekraal specimen. U, tegmina, male, Fisantekraal specimen.

FIGURE 24. Proekes cephaleus (Naudé, 1926), line drawings, female. A, sternite 7. B, valvifer 1, laterally. C, valvifer 1, laterally. D, valvifer 2, laterally. E, valvifer 2, sculpture. F, valvifer 2, sculpture. G, valvifer 1, dorsally. H, valvula 1. I, valvula 2. J, genital capsule, laterally. K, valvula 1, apex, laterally. L, valvula 1, midsection, laterally. M, valvula 2, apex sculpture, laterally. N, valvula 2, midsection sculpture, dorsally. O, valvula 2, midsection, detail of sculpture, dorsally. P, valvula 3, setae. Q, tegmina. R, hind wing.

FIGURE 27. Proekes species habitus images, dorsally and laterally. A–D, P. tetracaphalis sp. n. A, male, dorsally, dark. B, male, dorsally, light. C, female, dorsally. D, female, laterally. E–H, P. diacaphalis sp. n. E, male, dorsally. F, male, laterally. G, female, dorsally. H, female, laterally.