Colletes fasciatus, Smith, 1853

Zabel, Tina & Kuhlmann, Michael, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the southern African Colletes fasciatus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 899, pp. 1-96 : 87-93

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.899.2297
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7A3E12B8-12D7-4520-B3AF-D4FF26BBBCA2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8423061
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B97F-FFE9-FF9C-3ED4-09C5FA970FCD
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Colletes fasciatus
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Treatment

Key for the identification of species of the Colletes fasciatus View in CoL species group

The males of C. ascopalis sp. nov., C. cardiurus , C. cedarbergensis sp. nov., C. eardleyi , C. khoisanorum sp. nov., C. latefasciatus , C. littoralis sp. nov., C. obscurus , C. peerboomi sp. nov., C. richtersveldensis sp. nov., C. stellatus , C. troetroeensis sp. nov. and C. watmoughi are unknown.

The females of C. denudatus , C. fuscitergus sp. nov., C. knersvlaktei , C. longitarsus sp. nov., C. nieuwoudtvillei , C. schultzei and C. spinipes sp. nov. are unknown.

1. Females: antennal flagellum 10-segmented; metasoma with six visible terga ................................. 2

– Males: antennal flagellum 11-segmented; metasoma with seven visible terga .............................. 31

2. Hind femur and tibia with reduced scopa ( Figs 6F View Fig , 8F View Fig , 16F View Fig , 19F View Fig , 30F View Fig , 34F View Fig , 42F View Fig , 48F View Fig , 56F View Fig , 57F View Fig ) .... 3

– Hind femur and tibia with well-developed scopa ( Figs 4F View Fig , 9F View Fig , 11F View Fig , 12F View Fig , 15F View Fig , 20F View Fig , 22F View Fig , 26F View Fig , 28F View Fig , 32F View Fig , 37F View Fig , 39F View Fig , 41F View Fig , 44F View Fig , 49 View Fig , 50F View Fig , 51F View Fig , 59F View Fig , 60F View Fig , 61F View Fig ) ............................................................................ 12

3. Hind femur largely or entirely orange-brown to red ( Figs 6A View Fig , 8A View Fig , 19A View Fig , 30A View Fig , 56A View Fig ) ....................... 4

– Hind femur black to dark brown ( Figs 4A View Fig , 28A View Fig , 48A View Fig , 50A View Fig ) ............................................................ 9

4. Fore and mid tibiae largely or completely blackish or brownish, sometimes to about half reddish ( Figs 30A View Fig , 56A View Fig ) ................................................................................................................................ 5

– Fore and mid tibiae completely orange brown to red, sometimes blackish or brownish basally and/ or apically ( Figs 6A View Fig , 8A View Fig , 19A View Fig , 57A View Fig ) ................................................................................................ 6

5. T1 with interspaces smooth and shiny ( Fig. 56D View Fig ); apical tergal depressions narrowly translucent and discs completely black ( Fig. 56D–E View Fig ); T6 broadly rounded apically ..... C. stellatus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– T1 with interspaces finely shagreened and dull ( Fig. 30D View Fig ); apical tergal depressions broadly translucent and discs of T1–T3 posteriorly with narrow red margin ( Fig. 30D–E View Fig ); T6 narrowly rounded apically ............................................................................. C. infracognitus Cockerell, 1937 View in CoL

6. Maximum width of facial fovea about diameter of antennal flagellum; malar area long, ¾ width of base of mandible .................................................................................... C. eardleyi Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Maximum width of facial fovea about 1.5–3 × as long as diameter of antennal flagellum; malar area narrow, about ⅓ width of base of mandible ...................................................................................... 7

7. Hairs on disc of scutum long ( Fig. 57A View Fig ), about 2 × as long as diameter of antennal flagellum; hairs of scutellum not plumose ( Fig. 57C View Fig ) ....................................................... C. testaceipes Friese, 1909 View in CoL

– Hairs on disc of scutum short ( Figs 6A View Fig , 8A View Fig ), about as long as diameter of flagellum; hairs on scutellum medially plumose ( Figs 6C View Fig , 8C View Fig ) ...................................................................................... 8

8. Apical hair bands of T2–T5 narrow, medially covering only about posterior half of depression ( Fig. 6D–E View Fig ); upper sloping part of propodeal triangle scabriculous .. C. albohirtus Cockerell, 1946 View in CoL

– Apical hair bands of T2–T5 broad, medially nearly completely covering depression ( Fig. 8D–E View Fig ); upper sloping part of propodeal triangle with short longitudinal carinae .......... C. ascopalis sp. nov.

9. Hind tibia with dense short hairs dorsally ( Fig. 42F View Fig ); apical tergal depression broadly translucent yellowish to reddish ( Fig. 42D–E View Fig ) ...................................................... C. laticaudus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– Hind tibia without dense short hairs dorsally ( Figs 16F View Fig , 34F View Fig , 48F View Fig ); apical tergal depression narrowly translucent reddish to brownish ( Figs 16D–E View Fig , 34D–E View Fig , 48D–E View Fig ) .................................................... 10

10. Metanotum medially with relative thin, longer hairs; malar area long, about width of mandibular base ................................................................................................... C. karooensis Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Metanotum medially with thick and short, erect hairs ( Kuhlmann 2007: fig. 5); malar area narrow, ½ width of mandibular base .................................................................................................................11

11. Propodeal triangle entirely covered with coarse transverse carinae; disc of scutum without or with very scattered (2–4 pd), medium-sized punctation ( Fig. 48C View Fig ); T2 without basal tomentum ( Fig. 48D– E View Fig ) ................................................................................................................. C. obscurus Friese, 1925 View in CoL

– Propodeal triangle dorsally with few, very weak transverse carinae; disc of scutum with relative dense (0.5 1 pd), fine punctation ( Fig. 16C View Fig ); T2 with weak and very narrow basal tomentum medially ( Fig. 16D–E View Fig ) .................................................................................. C. cyanonitidus Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

12. Apical hair band of T2 broad, about ⅔ or as broad as disc ( Figs 9D–E View Fig , 22D–E View Fig , 41D–E View Fig , 44D–E View Fig , 51D–E View Fig , 61D–E View Fig ) .............................................................................................................................. 13

– Apical hair band of T2 narrower, about ¼ to ½ width of disc ( Figs 4D–E View Fig , 26D–E View Fig , 28D–E View Fig , 37D–E View Fig , 59D–E View Fig , 60D–E View Fig ) .............................................................................................................................. 18

13. Malar area short, ½ as long as width of base of mandible .............................................................. 14

– Malar area long, ¾ or about as width of base of mandible ............................................................. 16

14. Apical hair bands of terga whitish, width of apical hair band of T2 about ⅔ width of disc ( Fig. 61D– E View Fig ) .................................................................................................... C. zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Apical hair bands of terga yellowish brown or brownish orange, width of apical hair band of T2 as broad as disc ( Figs 22D–E View Fig , 41D–E View Fig ) ............................................................................................... 15

15. Apical hair bands of terga brownish orange ( Fig. 22D–E View Fig ), that on T3 broader, maximum width about 1.75 × as wide as the disc ( Fig. 22E View Fig ) .......................................................... C. fasciatus Smith, 1853 View in CoL

– Apical hair bands of terga yellowish brown ( Fig. 41D–E View Fig ), that on T3 narrower, maximum width about 1.2 × as wide as the disc ( Fig. 41E View Fig ) ............................................ C. latefasciatus Friese, 1925 View in CoL

16. Facial fovea broad, about 1–1.2 × as broad as diameter of antennal flagellum ... C. littoralis sp. nov.

– Facial fovea narrow, about ⅔ as broad as diameter of antennal flagellum ..................................... 17

17. Apical tergal depressions distinctly translucent and discs posteriorly with narrow red margin ( Fig. 9D E View Fig ); apical hair bands orange ( Fig. 9D–E View Fig ) ....................................... C. aureocinctus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– Apical tergal depressions weakly translucent, discs completely black ( Fig. 51D–E View Fig ); apical hair bands whitish ( Fig. 51D–E View Fig ) ............................................................................................ C. ruschia sp. nov.

18. Malar area narrow, maximum ⅓ width of base of mandible .......................................................... 19

– Malar area longer, ¾, about or longer as width of base of mandible .............................................. 26

19. Facial fovea narrow, about ⅔ width as diameter of antennal flagellum ......................................... 20

– Facial fovea about as broad or broader than diameter of antennal flagellum ................................. 22

20. Scutellum without black hairs intermixed ( Fig. 4C View Fig ) .......................... C. abnormis Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Scutellum with black hairs intermixed ( Figs 15C View Fig , 49C View Fig ) ................................................................ 21

21. T6 broadly rounded apically ( Fig. 15E View Fig ); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly with numerous short hairs interspersed ( Fig. 15D–E View Fig ); apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc ( Fig. 15D–E View Fig ) ................... ................................................................................................................... C. cedarbergensis sp. nov.

– T6 narrowly rounded apically ( Fig. 49E View Fig ); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly without numerous short hairs ( Fig. 49D–E View Fig ); apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc ( Fig. 49D–E View Fig ) ..... C. peerboomi sp. nov.

22. Some hairs on face, scutum and scutellum with brown tips; discs of T1–2 with posterior reddish margins ( Fig. 39D–E View Fig ) ............................................................................... C. kogelbergensis sp. nov.

– Hairs on face, scutum and scutellum without brown tips; discs of T1–2 without posterior reddish margins ( Figs 12D–E View Fig , 20D–E View Fig , 28D–E View Fig , 32D–E View Fig ) ............................................................................. 23

23. T6 broadly rounded apically ( Fig. 32E View Fig ); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly with numerous conspicuously short hairs interspersed ( Fig. 32D–E View Fig ); T2 with basal tomentum ( Fig. 32D–E View Fig ) .................................. .............................................................................................................. C. inornatus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– T6 narrowly rounded apically ( Figs 12E View Fig , 20E View Fig ); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly without numerous conspicuously short hairs interspersed ( Figs 12D–E View Fig , 20D–E View Fig , 28D–E View Fig ); T2 without or with very weak, narrow basal tomentum ( Figs 12D–E View Fig , 20D–E View Fig , 28D–E View Fig .................................................................. 24

24. Apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc ( Fig. 12D–E View Fig ) ............................. C. carolinae sp. nov.

– Apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc ( Figs 20D–E View Fig , 28D–E View Fig ) ............................................ 25

25. Sternal discs 3–4 sparsely covered with long hairs; apical tergal hair bands yellowish white ( Fig. 28D–E View Fig ) ............................................................................................... C. gessi Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Sternal discs 3–4 covered with short hairs; apical tergal hair bands whitish ( Fig. 20D–E View Fig ) ............... ................................................................................................................................ C. fabiani sp. nov.

26. Facial fovea up to ¾ width of diameter of antennal flagellum ....................................................... 27

– Facial fovea as wide or wider than diameter of antennal flagellum ............................................... 29

27. Pilosity on metanotum intermixed with dark brown hairs; apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc ( Fig. 59D–E View Fig ) ......................................................................................... C. troetroeensis sp. nov.

– Pilosity on metanotum without dark brown hairs intermixed; apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc ( Figs 26D–E View Fig , 37D–E View Fig ) ......................................................................................................... 28

28. Upper sloping part of propodeal triangle scabriculous, vertical part shagreened and slightly dull; malar area elongate, length about 1.5 × width of mandibular base; disc of scutum with relatively dense punctation (0.5–1 pd) ( Fig. 26C View Fig ) … ..................................................... C. genalis Friese, 1909 View in CoL

– Upper sloping part of propodeal triangle with short longitudinal carinae, vertical part glabrous; malar area relatively, length about width of mandibular base; disc of scutum with scattered punctation (2–4 pd) ( Fig. 37C View Fig ) ..................................................................................... C. khoisanorum sp. nov.

29. Apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc ( Fig. 50D–E View Fig ); T2 with basal tomentum ( Fig. 50D–E View Fig ); malar area about ¾ width of base of mandible ...................................... C. richtersveldensis sp. nov.

– Apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc ( Figs 11D–E View Fig , 60D–E View Fig ); T2 without basal tomentum ( Figs 11D–E View Fig , 60D–E View Fig ); malar area about as long or longer than base of mandible ........................ 30

30. Apical hair bands of terga narrow ( Fig. 11D–E View Fig ), on T2 medially about as half as wide as width of hind basitarsus; scutellum and metanotum with short pubescence, hair as long as the antennal flagellum wide; scutellum intermixed with blackish hairs, metanotum without blackish hairs intermixed ............................................................................................ C. cardiurus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– Apical hair bands of terga broad ( Fig. 60D–E View Fig ), on T2 medially about as broad as width of hind basitarsus; scutellum and metanotum with long pubescence, hair twice as long as antennal flagellum wide; scutellum and metanotum intermixed with blackish hairs ..... C. watmoughi Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

31. Hind basitarsus not modified, parallel-sided ( Figs 5F View Fig , 25F View Fig , 27F View Fig , 35F View Fig , 46F View Fig , 58F View Fig ) ........................... 32

– Hind basitarsus modified (curved, broadened, crested) ( Figs 13F View Fig , 17F View Fig , 29F View Fig , 33F View Fig , 38F View Fig , 55F View Fig ) … 37

32. Second hind tarsomere very elongate and slender, 3 × as long as broad ( Fig. 46F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 46G–H View Fig ........................................................................................... C. longitarsus sp. nov.

– Second hind tarsomere shorter and wide, at most 1.5 × as long as broad or broader ( Figs 5F View Fig , 27F View Fig , 58F View Fig ) ................................................................................................................................................. 33

33. T1–T3 with very narrow red posterior margin ( Fig. 58D–E View Fig ); width of facial fovea about antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 58G–H View Fig ...................................... C. testaceipes Friese, 1909 View in CoL

– T1–T3 without red margin ( Figs 5D–E View Fig , 25D–E View Fig , 27D–E View Fig , 35D–E View Fig ); width of facial fovea narrower than antennal diameter .................................................................................................................... 34

34. Malar area narrow, length about ½ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about ¾ antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 5G–H View Fig ................................... C. abnormis Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Malar area long, length about ¾ to 1.5 × width of mandibular base; facial fovea very narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter .............................................................................................................. 35

35. Inner eye margins with black hairs intermixed ( Fig. 27A–B View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 27– H View Fig .................................................................................................................... C. genalis Friese, 1909 View in CoL

– Inner eye margins without black hairs ( Figs 25A–B View Fig ; 35A–B View Fig ) ...................................................... 36

36. Few brown hairs on vertex; length of malar area about ¾ of width of base of mandible; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 35G–H View Fig ........................................................... C. karooensis Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Without brown hairs on vertex; length of malar area about 1.2–1.5 × of width of base of mandible; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 25G–H View Fig ............................................................. C. fuscitergus sp. nov.

37. Mid femora broadest near base, forming a near right-angled edge ventrally ................................. 38

– Mid femora broadest ± medially, ventrally rounded at base ........................................................... 43

38. Mid femora with a long spine ventrally on basal end; second hind tarsus heart-shaped, as broad as long ( Figs 21F View Fig , 55F View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................ 39

– Mid femora without a spine on basal end; second hind tarsus not heart-shaped, longer than broad ( Figs 13F View Fig , 29F View Fig , 47F View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................ 40

39. Tarsi reddish-brown ( Fig. 55A, F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Figs 55G, 55H View Fig ..... C. spinipes sp. nov.

– Tarsi brown ( Fig. 21A, F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Figs 21G, 21H View Fig .................... C. fabiani sp. nov.

40. S7 longer than broad ( Fig. 47G View Fig ), gonosylus see in Fig. 47H View Fig ... C. nieuwoudtvillei Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– S7 broader than long ( Figs 13G View Fig , 29G View Fig , 62G View Fig ) ................................................................................... 41

41. Length of malar area about ⅓ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about ½ antennal diameter; lobes of S7 laterally broadly rounded, somewhat blunter and apically broader ( Fig. 29G View Fig ) than in C. carolinae sp. nov. and C. zygophyllum View in CoL ; gonostylus see in Fig. 29H View Fig ................................. ..................................................................................................................... C. gessi Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Length of malar area about ½ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about antennal diameter; lobes of S7 laterally narrowly rounded, slightly more pointed and apically narrower ( Figs 13G View Fig , 62G View Fig ) .............................................................................................................................. 42

42. Gonostylus as in Fig. 13H View Fig , broader than that of C. zygophyllum View in CoL ; S7 see in Fig. 13G View Fig ; hind basitarsus not curved ( Fig. 13F View Fig ) ......................................................................................... C. carolinae sp. nov.

– Gonostylus as in Fig. 62H View Fig , thinner than that of C. carolinae sp. nov.; S7 see in Fig. 62G View Fig ; hind basitarsus slightly curved ( Fig. 62F View Fig ) ............................................. C. zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

43. Hind tarsal segment 2 elongate and slender, more than 3 × as long as broad ( Fig. 17F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 17G–H View Fig ........................................................ C. cyanonitidus Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Hind tarsal segment 2 shorter and wide, at most 1.5 × as long as broad ( Figs 18F View Fig , 23F View Fig , 40F View Fig ) ...... 44

44. Gonostylus bifurcate ( Figs 18H View Fig , 31H View Fig , 38H View Fig ) ................................................................................... 45

– Gonostylus simple ( Figs 7H View Fig , 10H View Fig , 23H View Fig , 33H View Fig , 40H View Fig , 43H View Fig , 52H View Fig , 54H View Fig ) ............................................ 47

45. Gonostylus with 4 spikes as in Fig. 38H View Fig ........................................ C. knersvlaktei Kuhlmann, 2007 View in CoL

– Gonostylus with 2 spikes ( Figs 18H View Fig , 31H View Fig ) ..................................................................................... 46

46. Gonostylus longer ( Fig. 18H View Fig ) and S7 long ( Fig. 18G View Fig ) ....................... C. denudatus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL

– Gonostylus shorter ( Fig. 31H View Fig ) and S7 short ( Fig. 31G View Fig ) ................ C. infracognitus Cockerell, 1937 View in CoL

47. S6 with large lateral teeth directed backwards ............................................................................... 48

– S6 without teeth .............................................................................................................................. 49

48. Hind basitarsus with a rounded edge dorso-apically ( Fig. 23F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 23G– H View Fig ................................................................................................................. C. fasciatus Smith, 1853 View in CoL

– Hind basitarsus with an angular edge dorso-apically ( Fig. 54F View Fig ); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 54G–54H View Fig ............................................................................................. C. schultzei Friese, 1909 View in CoL

49. Tarsi completely and tibiae basally and apically yellowish brown ( Fig. 40A View Fig ); some hairs of face and scutum with brown tips; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 40G–H View Fig ............... C. kogelbergensis sp. nov.

– Tarsi brownish or reddish brown, tibiae black ( Figs 7A View Fig , 10A View Fig , 33A View Fig , 43A View Fig , 52A View Fig ); hair of face and scutum without brown tips .............................................................................................................. 50

50. Gonostylus very broad and rounded ( Fig. 33H View Fig ); lobes of S7 laterally strongly emarginate, apically with two emarginations ( Fig. 33G View Fig ) ...................................................... C. inornatus Cockerell, 1946 View in CoL

– Gonostylus narrow ( Figs 7H View Fig , 10H View Fig , 43H View Fig , 52H View Fig ); lobes of S7 only with a single slight emargination apically or not emarginate ( Figs 7G View Fig , 10G View Fig , 43G View Fig , 52G View Fig ) ................................................................... 51

51. Tip of gonostylus truncate ( Figs 43H View Fig , 52H View Fig ) ................................................................................... 52

– Tip of gonostylus slightly concave ( Figs 7H View Fig , 10H View Fig ) ........................................................................ 53

52. S7 broader than long, apically without emargination ( Fig. 43G View Fig ); gonostylus as in Fig. 43H View Fig ; facial fovea broad, width about 1.5 × antennal diameter; hind basitarsus not curved ( Fig. 43F View Fig ) ................ ............................................................................................................. C. laticaudus Cockerell, 1946 View in CoL

– S7 longer than broad, apically with slight emargination ( Fig. 52G View Fig ); gonostylus as in Fig. 52H View Fig ; facial fovea narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter; hind basitarsus slightly curved ( Fig. 52F View Fig ) ............. ............................................................................................................................... C. ruschia sp. nov.

53. Malar area narrow, length about ½ width of mandibular base; facial fovea narrow, width about antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 7G–H View Fig .................... C. albohirtus Cockerell, 1946 View in CoL

– Malar area long, about as long as width of mandibular base; facial fovea very narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 10G–H View Fig .......... C. aureocinctus Cockerell, 1945 View in CoL