Sagola convexa Broun, 1886

Park, J. - S. & Carlton, C. E., 2014, A revision of the New Zealand species of the genus Sagola Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 13) 68, pp. 1-156 : 12-13

Sagola convexa Broun, 1886

( Figs. 3c , 4c , 5 )

Sagola convexa Broun, 1886: 889 . Raffray 1893: 41, 1904: 498, 1911: 6, 1924: 232; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 241.

Sagola basalis Broun, 1911: 496 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Raffray 1924: 232; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 241. New synonymy.

Sagola indiscreta Broun, 1915: 288 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 242. New synonymy.

Type Material. Holotype. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1583. ♂.” [white label, handwritten]; “Tuakau” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola convexa . ♂.” [white label, handwritten]. Holotype of Sagola basalis : NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “3368. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Howick” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola basalis ” [white label, handwritten]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is a female. Holotype of Sagola indiscreta : NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “3703. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Howick” [white label, printed]; “New Zealand Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola indiscreta . ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]. The original label indicates this specimen is a male, but it is female.

Additional Material (n = 60: 27 males; 33 females). NEW ZEALAND: Auckland : 2♂♂ 2♀♀, Waitakere Ranges Reg. Park, 1.3km N Huia, Parau Track , 133m, 20 III 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift kauri, Cyathea & etc. leaf litter ; 1♂, Waitakere Ra., Cascade kauri Park , up Kauri Tr. , 170m, 23 XI–8 XII 1984, kauri-podo-hdwd, A. Newton, M. Thayer 680, FIT & window trap ; 2♀♀, Waitakere Ra., Cascade kauri Park , up Kauri Tr. , 170m, 8 XII 1984 – 25 I 1985, kauripodo-hdwd, A. Newton, M. Thayer 680, FIT & window trap ; 1♂ 3♀♀, Manurewa, Murphy’ s Bush , 2 V 1981, G. Kuschel, rotten wood ; 1♂ 2♀♀, Goldie Bush Scenic Res., Mokoroa Falls Track, 6km W Waitakere, 28 III 2910, 106m, D.S. Chandler, rotten wood & branch debris ; 1♂ 1♀, Waitakere Ranges Reg. Park, Upper Huia Reser. Track, 31 I 2010, 340m, 4km SW Waiatarua, D.S. Chandler, sift rotten wood ; 1♂, Hunua Ranges Reg. Park, Kohukohunui Track nr. Mine Rd , 475m, 37″02.396′S, 175″11.251′E, 17 XI–28 XII 2005, broadleaf-podocarp forest, numerous trees ferns, FMHD#2005-001 , FIT, A. Newton & M. Thayer, et al., ANMT site 1140 ; 1♂, Waipipi Scen. Res., 2km wsw Waipipi , 40m, 37.14′S 174.40′E, 22 II 1987, native hardwood forest in gully, A. Newton & M. Thayer 835, FMHD#87-269 , berl., leaf & log litter, forest floor ; 1♂, Clevedon Scenic Reser. , 0.5km N Clevedon, 20m, 19 III 2010, D.S. Chandler, sift forest litter by stream ; 1♀, Flat bush, Murphy’ s bush, 20 VIII 1977, J.C. Watt, podocarp forest litter ; Bay of Plenty: 1♂ 1♀, Tapapa Tukorehe Res. , 200m, 25 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, berl. litter ; Northland: 2♂♂ 5♀♀, Parahaki Park , 5 XI 1981, G. Kuschel, litter & decayed wood ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Waipoua SF, Lookout , 29 X 1980, G. Kuschel, decayed wood & litter 80/94 ; 1♂ 3♀♀, Ngaiotonga Res., Walkway , 3 XI 1981, G. Kuschel, litter & decayed wood 81/118 ; 3♂♂ 4♀♀ (1♂ 1♀, slidemounted), Waipoua For. , Te Matua Ngahere, 370m, 19 III 1978, S. & J. Peck, berl., rotten kauri log, kauri forest ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Waipoua For. , Te Matua Ngahere, 400m, 19 II 1978, berl., under bark of fallen tree with mushroom, S. Peck ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Waipoua SF, 25 XI 1980, G. Kuschel, decayed wood 80/120 ; 2♀♀, Waipoua SF, Toronui Track , 20 X 1980, G. Kuschel, sifted wood & litter 80/95 ; 1♂ 1♀, Waipoua SF, Waikohatu Br. , 290m, 11–14 IV 1980, Agathis -podocarp-broadlf, A. Newton, M. Thayer, berl., leaf & log litter, forest floor ; 1♂, Mangamuka stm, 386m, 13 XII 1976, V. A. May, litter 76/109 ; 1♂, Waipoua SF , Yakas Tk , 27 VII–2 VIII 1998, R. Leschen, R. Hoare, FIT2 236, 35′37S 173′32E ; 1♂, Waipoua SF, vic. Wairau Summit , 460m, 27 XI–4 XII 1984, hdwd-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 683, FIT & window trap ; 2♂ (1♂, slide-mounted), Waipoua State Forest, Toronui Track , 120m, 2 XII 1984, kauri-podocarp-hdwd, A. Newton, M. Thayer 685 ; 1♀, Waipoua SF, Toronui Tr. , 150m, 13 IV 1980, kauri-podocarp-broadlf-nikau palm forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer, under bark with slime molds ; 1♀, Waipoua SF, Toatoa Tr. , 270m, 12–15 IV 1980. toatoa-kauri-podocarp-broadlf, A. Newton, M. Thayer, berl. leaf & log litter ; Wellington: 1♀, Balance Bridge Res. , 3 I 1975, J.C. Watt, litter 75/23 .

Diagnosis. Specimens of S. convexa can be distinguished from the other species of the hirtalis species-group by the following combination of characters: smaller body size, 2.0– 2.4 mm; antennomere 1 elongate, approximately 3 times longer than wide; antennomeres 4–5 elongate, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide; posterior frontal fovea elongate; eye small, one-half length of temple; hind wings well-developed; shape of genitalia unique to species.

Redescription. Length 2.0– 2.4 mm. Body yellowish brown, elytra, legs, and maxillary palpi paler ( Fig. 3c ). Head: As long as wide, widest across eyes ( Fig. 3c ). Antennomere 1 approximately 3 times longer than wide, 2–3 subquadrate, 4–5 longer than wide, 7–10 subquadrate. Frontal sulcus reaching midpoint of eye from end of frontal rostral lobes. Anterior frontal fovea round, posterior frontal fovea elongate. Eye small and prominent, one-half length of temple. Thorax: Prosternum as long as wide, widest at one-third length. Elytra rectangular ( Fig. 3c ). Hind wings well-developed. Meso- and metathorax trapezoidal, longer than wide. Abdomen: Tergite IV with pair of transverse patches of microtrichia reaching middle. Aedeagus: Median lobe shorter than right paramere with triangular apical lobe ( Fig. 4c ). Phallobase of median lobe symmetrical and elongate ( Fig. 4c ). Left paramere shorter than right, setae present along edge ( Fig. 4c ).

Type Locality. Tuakau , Auckland, New Zealand .

Distribution. Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Northland, Wellington ( Fig. 5 : black squares).

Habitat. Most specimens of this species were collected using window and flight intercept traps, or by sifting moss or leaf litter in Nothofagus Blume (Nothofagaceae) , kauri, broadleaf, hardwood, and podocarp forests. A few specimens were found under bark with mushrooms or slime molds.

Comments. Specimens of S. convexa are difficult to distinguish from those of other species externally, but the shape and size of the antennomeres, size of eye, presence or absence of hind wings, and genitalia are diagnostic. The type specimens of S. basalis and S. indiscreta share these diagnostic characters, and these species have been collected at or near the type locality of S. convexa . For these reasons, we have placed S. basalis and S. indiscreta as junior synonyms of S. convexa .

Figures

Fig. 3. Habitus of Sagola species in the hirtalis species-group, dorsal views. a) Sagola hirtalis, b) S. terricola, c) S. convexa, d) S. coromandelensis, e) S. northlandensis, f) S. taranakiensis, g) S. kuscheli, h) S. newtoni, i) S. thorpei, j) S. dugdalei, k) S. thayerae, l) S. hunuaensis, m) S. waikatoensis, n) S. gisbornensis, o) S. weiri, p) S. brookesi. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Sagola species in the hirtalis species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal view: a) S. hirtalis, b) S. terricola, c) S. convexa, d) S. coromandelensis, e) S. northlandensis, f) S. taranakiensis, g) S. kuscheli, h) S. newtoni, i) S. thorpei, j) S. dugdalei, k) S. thayerae, l) S. hunuaensis, m) S. waikatoensis, n) S. gisbornensis, o) S. weiri, p) S. brookesi. S. hirtalis: q) Antenna, r) Head, dorsal view, s) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates transverse depression). S. terricola: t) Meso- and metaventrite, u) Male fore femur (arrow indicates semicircular depression). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5. Known collection localities of New Zealand Sagola species. S. hirtalis: black circles; S. terricola: triangles; S. convexa: black squares; S. coromandelensis: star; S. northlandensis: white circle; S. taranakiensis: white square.