Cyllopsis tomemmeli A. Warren & Nakahara, 2018

Warren, Andrew D., Nakahara, Shinichi, Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge, Luis-Martínez, Armando & Miller, Jacqueline Y., 2018, A new species of Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869 from the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Zootaxa 4403 (3), pp. 570-577 : 571-575

Cyllopsis tomemmeli A. Warren & Nakahara , new species

( Figs. 1–2 )

Diagnosis. Cyllopsis tomemmeli is unique among Cyllopsis species in the shape of the ventral hindwing extracellular band, which generally resembles that seen in species of Paramacera . Cyllopsis whiteorum appears closest to C. tomemmeli in ventral wing pattern, although most pattern elements in C. whiteorum are rather subdued, compared to those seen in C. tomemmeli , and the forewings of C. whiteorum are considerably more falcate than those of C. tomemmeli . In addition, C. tomemmeli males lack the dense, dark forewing androconial scales seen in C. whiteorum . While details of all the ventral fore- and hindwing bands differ substantially, the general size, shape and coloration of C. tomemmeli resemble C. suivalenoides L. Miller, 1974 , C. suivalens suivalens (Dyar, 1914) and C. suivalens escalantei L. Miller, 1974 .

Description. MALE: Forewing length 18–21mm (n=5).

Head: Eyes with hair-like setae, with whitish scales at base; postgenal area and frons covered with brownish hair-like scales and whitish hair-like scales, in addition to white scales covering frons; first segment of labial palpi mainly with white long hair-like scales, second segment length almost twice as great as eye depth and covered with brownish scales and hair-like scales laterally, with partially whitish scales and hair-like scales, dorsally with brownish long hair-like scales and whitish hair-like scales, ventrally with brownish hair-like scales and whitish hair-like scales 3–4 times as long as segment width, third segment about one-fourth of second segment in length and covered with brownish scales, with slight patch of creamy-white scales laterally; antennae approximately twofifth of forewing length, with ca. 29–37 antennomers (n=2), distal 6 or so antennomers composing club; club rather prominent.

Thorax: Dorsally and laterally covered with whitish long hair-like scales and greyish scales; ventrally with whitish hair-like scales; foreleg brownish, with whitish long hair-like scales and brownish hair-like scales, foretarsus slightly shorter than tibia and femur, tibia and femur similar in length; midleg and hindleg pale buff, with femur ventrally with whitish long hair-like scales, tarsus and tibia with spines ventrally, pair of tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia.

Abdomen: Eighth tergite appears as a stripe at base of eighth abdominal segment; eighth sternite appears as two sclerotized plates.

Wing venation: Like other Cyllopsis (e.g., Miller 1974). Most of forewing subcostal vein swollen; base of cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; hindwing humeral vein developed; origin of M2 closer to M1 than M3.

Wing shape: Forewing subtriangular, apex rounded, costal margin convex, outer margin slightly convex, from apex to half way between M3 and Cu1 somewhat protruded, inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base; hindwing slightly elongate towards tornus, overall appears rounded, costal margin almost straight, angled towards thorax near base, outer margin slightly undulating, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly round.

Dorsal forewing: Ground color light brown, distal side and apex darker; androconial scales absent; ventral transcellular and extracellular bands visible.

Dorsal hindwing: Ground color similar to forewing, black spots mirroring those ventral ocelli in cells M2 and M3 present, in addition to similar but faded spots in cells M1 and Cu1; rufous coloration along outer margin from M2 towards tornus, surrounding black spots.

Ventral forewing: Ground color pale vinaceous, lighter towards distal side, area distal to extracellular band cream buff; amber brown transcellular band, extends from near costa to 2A, almost straight, slightly traversing outwards; concolorous extracellular band extending from near costa to 2A, parallel to transcellular band, somewhat wider; concolorous scales along discocellular vein, around origin of M2; concolorous undulating submarginal band extending from apex towards tornus, curving inwards in each cell, broadens towards posterior end; marginal line, concolorous, traversing along outer margin, thinner than basal three bands; fringe greyish, slightly paler between Sc+R1 - M3.

Ventral hindwing: Ground color similar to forewing; amber brown transcellular band, jagged, extending from costa to inner margin, bent outwards soon after entering discal cell and before exiting discal cell, creamy yellow scales along distal side of transcellular band; partly concolorous extracellular band, appearing orangish around M1 and extending down to posterior half in some specimens (variable character), mainly concolorous with previous band, strongly and irregularly jagged, strongly bent at M1, traverses inwards below M1, band somewhat terminates in discal cell (near origin of Cu1), starts again from distal side of M2 towards inner margin; amber brown scales present at origin of M2, along discocellular vein of discal cell; light wisteria blue shading present at distal side of extracellular band; submarginal band, concolorous to ventral forewing submarginal band, appears as a short band from cell Cu1 to tornus, apparently fused to extracellular band in cell 2A; silver markings along outer margin, in cells Rs, M1, Cu1 and Cu2 (occasionally in cell Sc+R1), those in cells Rs and M1 appear as two units touching each other at distal side, whereas those in cells Cu1 and Cu2 appear somewhat as a continuous band; grey patch scattered with creamy white scales; ocelli in cells M2 and M3, ellipse, black central area with silver band-like pupil placed distally, ringed in orange, with orange horizontal line in middle dividing ocellus into two; marginal band not discernable, outer margin appear reddish until Cu1, orangish below Cu1; fringe greyish, slightly paler between Sc+R1 - M3.

Genitalia ( Figs 2a–d ): Tegumen rounded in lateral view, dorsal margin convex, ventral margin rather straight; uncus rather straight, similar to tegumen in length, basal half with hair-like setae, tapering towards posterior end, hooked at terminal point; brachia curved, half of uncus in length, tapering posteriorly and freely articulated; combination of ventral arms of tegumen and dorsal arms of saccus sinuous, broadens at middle section, but narrower towards saccus; appendices angulares present (this character was erroneously coded as “absent” for Cyllopsis species in Marín et al. (2017)), somewhat developed; saccus almost straight, similar to brachia in length; juxta present; valva sub-rectangular in lateral view, adorned with hair-like setae distally, apical process broad, terminates in hooked up angular point, middle section of valva broadens, costa developed with rounded end; aedeagus straight, similar to valva in length, slightly narrowing at posterior half, but broadens at posterior end, distal margin not discernable due to vesica, cornuti absent.

FEMALE: forewing length 18mm – 22mm (n=3).

Similar to male except as follows: Foreleg whitish, foretarsus divided into five distinct sub-segments; forewing appears slightly more rounded and broad, ground color of both wing surfaces paler; ventral bands appear more prominent on dorsal surface, namely by showing their actual coloration. Female Abdomen and Genitalia ( Figs 2e–g ): Intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segment ventrally covered with modified scales; lateral side of eighth abdominal segment sclerotized, forming a plate not fused to lamella antevaginalis; lamella antevaginalis appears as sclerotized rectangular plate, distal margin of ventral side of ostium bursae weakly sclerotized; ductus bursae membraneous, ductus seminalis exits from dorsal surface, at about one-fifth distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae, apparently slightly sclerotized at base, ductus bursae appear as groove in area posterior to origin of ductus seminalis; corpus bursae oval, similar to ductus bursae in length, together with ductus bursae extends to 5th abdominal segment, paired signa located on ventral side.

Types. Holotype male with the following labels: white, printed: 12 Km S. of Las / Casas, Chiapas / Mexico / March 26–28, 1959 / T. C. Emmel /; white, printed: FSCA / Florida State Collection / of Arthropods /; white, printed: UF / FLMNH / MGCL 1038178 /; red, printed: HOLOTYPE / Cyllopsis tomemmeli / A. Warren & Nakahara /. The holotype is deposited in the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida (MGCL). Paratypes (8 males, 4 females): 2 males (MGCL 1038179, MGCL 1038181), 2 females (MGCL 1038182 genitalic dissection SN-17-71, MGCL 1038183 genitalic dissection SN-14- 191), same data as holotype; 1 male (MGCL 1038184), 1 female (MGCL 1038186), same locality as holotype, March 26, 1959, T. C. Emmel; 5 males (MGCL 1038187, MGCL 1038188, MGCL 1038189, MGCL 1038192 genitalic dissection SN-17-68, MGCL 1038193 genitalic dissection SN-17-69), 1 female (MGCL 1038194 genitalic dissection SN-17-70), Mexico: Chiapas: 23 Km N. of Amatenango, March 26, 1959. Paratypes are deposited in the MGCL, save 1 male and 1 female deposited in the Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (MZFC), in Mexico City.

Type locality. According to detailed field notes recorded by T. C. Emmel, all collecting on March 26–28, 1959, was conducted in the same general area; thus “12 Km S. of [ San Cristóbal de] Las Casas” and “23 Km N. of Amatenango [del Valle]” refer to the same area. Thanks to a detailed map in Emmel’s field notes indicating how to reach the area from Hwy. 190, and specifically where he collected the Cyllopsis specimens, in addition to altimeter readings, the type locality was unambiguously identified as being in the immediate vicinity of 16°38’18.1’’N 92°31’53.8’’W, at 2383m elevation. At the time the type series was collected, the area was comprised of dense pine-oak forest, including many apparently old-growth pines, with a sparse understory of bunch grasses and scattered flowering plants, and various small, open, sunny areas ( Fig. 3 ). Additional butterflies encountered by Emmel in the area, among others, included Pterourus multicaudata grandiosus (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) , P.

pilumnus (Boisduval, 1836) ( Papilionidae ), Lieinix nemesis atthis (E. Doubleday, 1842) , Colias philodice guatemalena Röber, 1909 , Zerene c. cesonia (Stoll, 1790), Anteos clorinde (Godart, [1824]), A. maerula (Fabricius, 1775) , Eurema mexicana mexicana (Boisduval, 1836) , Pyrisitia proterpia (Fabricius, 1775) (Pieridae) , Celastrina echo gozora (Boisduval, 1870) (Lycaenidae) , Altinote ozoneme nox (H. Bates, 1864) , Adelpha diocles creton Godman, 1901 , A. donysa donysa (Hewitson, 1847) , A. serpa celerio (H. Bates, 1864) , Dione moneta poeyii A. Butler, 1873 , Hypanartia l. lethe (Fabricius, 1793), Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) , Siproeta stelenes biplagiata (Fruhstorfer, 1907) , Anthanassa s. sitalces (Godman & Salvin, 1882), Phyciodes mylitta thebais Godman & Salvin, 1878 , Consul excellens genini (Le Cerf, 1922) , Pedaliodes napaea (H. Bates, 1865) (Nymphalidae) , and several species of Hesperiidae (not examined, as these were sent to S. S. Nicolay) including Zestusa staudingeri (Mabille, 1888) and Poanes melane poa (Evans, 1955) .

Etymology. We take great pleasure in naming this distinctive new species in honor of Dr. Thomas Chadbourne Emmel, Founding Director of the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, who collected the entire type series in 1959, and who has inspired and supported countless up-and-coming biologists. This specific epithet is regarded as a Latinized masculine noun in the genitive case.

Distribution. Cyllopsis tomemmeli is known to date only from the type locality. Appropriate habitats in the vicinity of the type locality should be intensively surveyed in an effort to detect the potential continued existence of the species in the region.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cyllopsis tomemmeli adult specimens, dorsal surface on the left, ventral surface on the right: a) male holotype; b) male paratype; c) female paratype (genitalic dissection number: SN-17-70); d) female paratype, with aberrant right hindwing pattern (genitalic dissection number: SN-17-71). Scale bar = 1cm.

FIGURE 2. Cyllopsis tomemmeli genitalia: a) male genitalia in left lateral view (appendices angulares indicated as app.ang.); b) aedeagus;c) tip of valvain dorsalview; d) juxta(all drawings basedon genitalic dissection SN-17-68); e)female genitalia in dorsal view; f) female genitalia in ventral view (ductus bursae and corpus bursae omitted, modified scales indicated); g) signa (all drawings and photo based on genitalic dissection SN-14-191). Upper scale bar for male genitalia, bottom scale bar for female genitalia except for (g). Both scale bars indicating 1mm.

FIGURE 3. Pine forest habitat approximately 2 kilometers NW of the type locality of C. tomemmeli, about 12 kilometers SE of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, March 26, 1959, photo by Thomas C. Emmel.