Parastacus nicoleti ( Philippi, 1882 )

Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra & Araujo, Paula Beatriz, 2017, Designation of a neotype for Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae), Zootaxa 4338 (2), pp. 393-400 : 394-399

Parastacus nicoleti ( Philippi, 1882)

( Fig. 1–4 )

Astacus chilensis .— Nicolet 1849: 211 [not the same species of H. Milne-Edwards, 1837]

Astacus Nicoleti Philippi, 1882: 624 .

Astacus Ricoleti. — Philippi 1882: 626 [erroneous spelling].

Parastacus nicoleti. — Ortmann 1902: 293.— Porter 1917: 98, fig. 61.— Bahamonde 1958: 183, figs. 1–17.— Riek 1971: 133.— Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 372.— Buckup and Rossi 1993: 168, fig. 4.— Rudolph 2010: 37, fig. 1C, 2C.— Rudolph 2013: 1488, fig. 14.— Ríos-Escalante 2016: 121, fig. 3(4).

Parastacus Nicoleti. — Porter 1904: 255.

Astacus nicoleti .— Faxon 1914: 354.

Parastacus nicoletti .— Bahamonde 1951: 91 [erroneus spelling]

Neotype: Chile: one ♂ (CL 30.23 mm, TL 62.07 mm), Miraflores , Río Valdivia, XI/1957, col. Kilian (MNHNCL DEC–15001),

Material examined. Chile: one ♂, Mehuín (next to Valdivia), VIII/1997, col. niños del Pueblo ( UFRGS 2405 ) (illustrated); one snd, Valdivia ( UFRGS 1372 ) ; 2 ♂ and 4 ♀, Miraflores , Río Valdivia, XI/1957 , col. Kilian (MNHNCL/CRU 2211); one ♂, Río Chaquigua , 18/III/1985, col. L. Peña (MNHNCL/CRU 2026); one snd, Valdivia, Fundo “Palos Altos”, 1954, col. M.T. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2072); 12 ♂, 4 ♀ and one juvenile, Valdivia, Jardín Botánico, 15/X/1950, col. E. Kilian (MNHNCL/CRU 2137); 1 ♂ (dry specimen), Fundo Bellavista (cerca de La Unión), 13/II/1958, col. B.G. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2151); one snd (dry specimen), Valdivia, Catripulli, II/1954, col. G. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2116); one ♂, Valdivia, VIII/1959, col. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2181); two ♂, one ♀, nine juveniles and one snd, Valdivia, Fundo “Palos Altos”, 08/II/1959, col. T. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2373); one ♂, Fundo Bellavista (cerca de La Union), 13/II/1958 (MNHNCL/CRU 2254); one ♂ and two ♀, Valdivia, Miraflores, XI/1957, col. E. Kilian (MNHNCL/CRU 2257); three ♂, five ♀ and two juveniles, Fundo “ Palos Altos ” (25 km north of Valdivia ) , 24/II/1958, col. G. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2260); Fundo “Palos Altos”, VII/1959, col. López (MNHNCL/CRU 2374).

Description and Diagnosis. Philippi (1882), Bahamonde (1958), Buckup and Rossi (1993) and Rudolph (2013).

Remarks. Nicolet (1849) briefly described and illustrated a crayfish species from Chile giving the name Astacus chilensis . Nevertheless, this name was already used by Milne-Edwards (1837). Philipp’s (1882) contribution concerning the Chilean crayfish fauna provided the description of A. nicoleti . This description was based on the species described by Nicolet (1849). Bahamonde (1958) believed that Philippi had the opportunity to analyze Nicolet’s material, which no longer exists in the collection of the MNHNCL. Bahamonde (1958) redescribed and validated P. nicoleti based on the analysis of several specimens deposited in MNHNCL (lots 2026, 2053, 2072 and 2211) and stated that the type specimen was lost. The author provided drawings, pictures, measurements and comments on the species’ distribution and biological aspects. Buckup and Rossi (1993) redescribed the species based on material from the Zoologisches Museum of the University of Hamburg, Germany and the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The examination of the lots used by Bahamonde (1958) to validate the species allowed us to designate a neotype from lot 2211, which contains the best preserved specimens. Moreover, this lot was referred by Bahamonde (1958) as containing three males and seven females of P. nicoleti , but in fact, presently it contains seven specimens of P. nicoleti (three males and four females) and five specimens of P. pugnax . One of the males of P. nicoleti ( Fig. 1 ) was separated and considered the neotype (MNHNCL DEC–15001). Additional characters provided herein are based on the neotype and additional material and include: rostrum apex truncated, ending in upturned small blunt tubercle ( Fig. 2B, C ); front narrow ( Fig. 2A, B ); lateral cephalic edge with dense setation ( Fig. 2A, C ); S2 pleurae with shallow groove, parallel to margin, low and short ( Fig. 2D ); telson uniformly calcified, subtriangular, longer than wide, lacking lateral spines on lateral margins, rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae; uropod exopod and endopod lateral margin lacking spines ( Fig. 3E ); epistome anterolateral section with inconspicuous projection, posterolateral section smooth and with deep lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe and reduced median circular concavity, anteromedian lobe triangular, 1.16x longer than wide, apex acute and straight with some serrate setae, reaching median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface straight and basis with a shallow groove ( Fig. 3A ); antennal scale lateral margin curved, antenna coxa with a straight carina above nephropore, tubercles or spines absent ( Fig. 3D ); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with a spine ( Fig. 3A ); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisive lobe with eight teeth, the second tooth from the anterior is the largest ( Fig. 3E ); SLP4 and SLP5 subequal in size and separated to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and slightly inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes visible and close to each other ( Fig. 3B, C ); third maxilliped ischium ventral surface partially covered by tufts of short and long simple setae ( Fig. 3F ), dorsal surface glabrous ( Fig. 3G ), crista dentata bearing up to 25 teeth on both ischia, merus ventral surface covered by tufts of long and simple setae and some serrate setae ( Fig. 3F ); chelipeds large and subequal, globose, merus without dorsal and midventral spines, carpus, propodus and proximal portion of the dactylus bear conspicuous tubercles ( Fig. 3H, I ); second pair of pereiopods with ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dactylus moderately covered by long and simple setae ( Fig. 3J ); female gonopores absent in the neotype, but present in all specimens labeled as females and in some of those labeled as males ( Fig. 3B ).

Distribution. Chile: Coastal zones to the Longitudinal Valley, between the municipality of Gorbea (39°05’S; 72°38’W) and the River Chaquihua (41°26’S; 73°06’W) (close to Puerto Montt) ( Rudolph 2010; 2013) ( Fig. 4 ).

Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, pereiopods, dorsal pleon and tailfan dark brown to reddish brown. Antennal flagellum dark blue ( Rudolph 2010).

Habitat and Ecology. Vegas or hualves. This species occurs in underground waters in small valleys or depressions between mountains or topographic depressions, usually associated with perennial forests and at the top of some hills in the Cordillera de la Costa ( Rudolph 2013). Parastacus nicoleti builds deep burrows with multiple entrance tunnels ( Rudolph 2013).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882), neotype and other specimens: A—specimens from type locality identified by Bahamonde (1958) from the lot MNHNCL / CRU 2211, white arrow indicates the specimen selected as the neotype; B—male neotype (MNHNCL DEC – 15001). Foto A by Felipe B. Ribeiro and B by Jorge Pérez-Schulteiss. Scale bars: A— 2 cm; B— 1 cm.

FIGURE 2. Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882), A—habitus dorsal view (UFRGS 2405); B—cephalon dorsal view (UFRGS 2405); C—cephalon lateral view (UFRGS 2405); D—first and second male abdominal pleura (UFRGS 2405); E—tailfan (UFRGS 2405). Scale bars: A, E— 1 cm; B, C, D— 5 mm. Black arrow indicates the groove in the S 2 pleura.

FIGURE 3. Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882), A—epistome (UFRGS 2405); B—thoracic sternites and gonopores UFRGS 2405); C—thoracomere 8, caudal view (UFRGS 2405); D—antennal scale lateral view (UFRGS 2405); E—mandible (UFRGS 2405); F—third maxilliped ventral view (UFRGS 2405); G—third maxilliped dorsal view (UFRGS 2405); H—first pereiopod lateral view (UFRGS 2405); I—first pereiopod dorsal view (UFRGS 2405); J—second pereiopod lateral view (UFRGS 2405). Scale bars: A, C— 2.5 mm; B, I— 5 mm; D, E— 2 mm; F, G— 5 mm; H, J – 1 cm.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) in Chile.