Anthocoris Fallén, 1814

Yamada, Kazutaka & Yasunaga, Tomohide, 2021, The tribe Anthocorini in Japan (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): descriptions of new species, review of distribution and bionomics, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2), pp. 375-426 : 389

Genus Anthocoris Fallén, 1814

Anthocoris Fallén, 1814: 9 . Type species by subsequent designation (Wൾඌඍඐඈඈൽ 1840: 122): Cimex nemorum Linnaeus, 1761 . Placed on the Official List of Generic Names ( ICZN 1928: 25, Opinion 104).

Hylophila Stephens, 1829: 65 . Type species by monotypy: Cimex nemorum Linnaeus, 1761 . Junior homonym of Hylophila Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera) . Synonymized by Wൾඌඍඐඈඈൽ (1840: 122).

Rhynarius Hahn, 1832: 104 . Type species by subsequent designation (KංඋKൺඅൽඒ 1906: 120): Rhynarius sylvestris sensu Hahn, 1832 (= Cimex nemorum Linnaeus,1761 ).Synonymized by HൺHඇ (1833:233).

Leptomeris Laporte, 1832: 10 . Type species by monotypy: Leptomeris picta Laporte, 1832 (? = Cimex nemorum Linnaeus, 1761 ). Junior homonym of Leptomeris Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera) . Synonymized by KංඋKൺඅൽඒ (1906: 120).

Phyllocoris A. Costa, 1847: 25 . Type species by monotypy: Cimex nemorum Linnaeus, 1761 .Synonymized by BൺൾඋൾඇඌඉඋඎඇG (1860: 11).

Anthocoris (selected references): Fංൾൻൾඋ (1836): 106 (redescription); Fංൾൻൾඋ (1860): 263 (redescription); Fංൾൻൾඋ (1861): 38, 136 (in key, redescription); Rൾඎඍൾඋ (1875): 63 (in key); Rൾඎඍൾඋ (1883b): 78 (taxonomic history); Rൾඎඍൾඋ (1884): 56, 66 (in key, redescription); LൾඍHංൾඋඋඒ & Sൾඏൾඋංඇ (1896): 243 (catalogue); CH ൺආඉංඈඇ (1900): 323 (distribution, fauna of C.America); Pඈඉඉංඎඌ (1909): 28 (in key); Dංඌඍൺඇඍ (1910): 298 (distribution, diagnosis); Vൺඇ Dඎඓൾൾ (1916):34 (fauna of America); Pඋංൾඌඇൾඋ & Aඅൿංൾඋං (1953): 81 (in key); Gඋඈඌඌ (1954): 131, 133 (in key, redescription, fauna of Australia); SඍංർHൾඅ (1958): 12 (in key); SඍංർHൾඅ (1960): 357 (catalogue, fauna of Palaearctic); Hංඎඋൺ (1959): 3 (fauna of Japan and Far East of USSR); KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ (1964):696, 698 (in key, diagnosis); Cൺඋൺඒඈඇ (1972): 345 (listed); Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ (1972): 78, 110 (in key, redescription, fauna of W. Palaearctic); HൾඋඋංඇG (1976):145–146 (figure, in key); Eඅඈඏ (1976): 369–370 (in key, note); MඎඋൺඅൾൾൽHൺඋൺඇ (1977): 231 (diagnosis); Kൾඅඍඈඇ (1978): 18, 34 (in key, redescription, fauna of Canada and Alaska); MඎඋൺඅൾൾൽHൺඋൺඇ &AඇൺඇඍHൺKඋංඌHඇൺඇ (1978):8 (in key); Fඈඋൽ (1979): 55 (checklist of the world); Öඇൽൾඋ (1982): 27–28, 77 (in key, redescription, fauna of Turkey);Hൾඇඋඒ (1988): 14 (catalogue, N. America); KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ (1988): 770, 772 (in key, note); Lൺඍඍංඇ & Sඍൺඇඍඈඇ (1992): 429 (diagnosis, habitat, prey); Cൺඌඌංඌ & Gඋඈඌඌ (1995): 27 (catalogue, Australia); Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ (1996): 109 (catalogue, Palaearctic); Lൺඍඍංඇ (2000): 612 (bionomics); Bඎ & ZHൾඇG (2001): 45, 109, 111 (distribution, in key, redescription, fauna of China); YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ (2001b): 280 (diagnosis, fauna of Japan); Cൺඋඉංඇඍൾඋඈ

(2002): 36 (fauna of Neotropical Region); WൺർHආൺඇඇ et al. (2006): 184 (distribution, habitat); Hඈඋඍඈඇ (2008): 2403 (listed); Fൺඅൺආൺඋඓං et al. (2009): 36 (in key); JඎඇG et al. (2013): 422 (listed); JඎඇG & Lൾൾ (2017): 34–35 (in key, listed, fauna of Korea).

Diagnosis. Distinguished from other genera of Anthocorini by a combination of the following characters: body shiny or pruinose, generally pubescent; distinctly porrect head; labium not or rarely exceeding procoxae; pronotal collar broad and distinct, situated in front of anterior angles of pronotum; callus developed; hemelytra smooth or shallowly punctate; ostiolar peritreme ( Fig. 9 ) wide, slightly curved forward at apex, distinctly continued by a fine carina, which reaches anterior margin of metapleuron; metasternum apically triangular; metacoxae contiguous with each other; and abdominal sternum with a pair of membranous areas on segments II–III.

Remarks. A species-rich genus currently including nearly 80 species worldwide (Hൾඇඋඒ 1988; Cൺඌඌංඌ & Gඋඈඌඌ 1995; Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1996; Bඎ & ZHൾඇG 2001; Cൺඋඉංඇඍൾඋඈ 2002; Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 2007; Yൺආൺൽൺ et al. 2010; Lൾඐංඌ & Hඈඋඍඈඇ 2012; Mඈඎඅൾඍ et al. 2017, 2018). Most of them occur in the Northern Hemisphere, but the genus is the most speciose in Asia; approximately 40 species are known from China (Bඎ & ZHൾඇG 2001).

Anthocoris species are principally arboreal and are usually found on broad-leaved plants, particularly on trees, where they feed on aphids, psyllids, thrips, mites, and other small arthropods (Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972, Lൺඍඍංඇ & Sඍൺඇඍඈඇ 1992, Lൺඍඍංඇ 2000). Most Japanese species are associated with broadleaf trees, except for the pine-inhabiting A. chibi .

Figures

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium of Anthocoris spp, left lateroventral view. A – A. chibi Hiura, 1959, female; B – A. confusus Reuter, 1884, male (from India); C – A. japonicus Poppius, 1909, female; D – A. kalopanacis Kerzhner, 1977, female; E – A. takahashii Hiura, 1959, female; F – A. miyamotoi Hiura, 1959, female; G – A. venustus sp. nov., paratype, male. Abbreviations: eva ‒ evaporatorium; mf ‒ median furrow; op ‒ ostiolar peritreme; sca ‒ supracoxal area.