Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) splendidus, Ježek & Hájek, 2007

Ježek, Jan & Hájek, Josef, 2007, Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Orlické hory Protected Landscape Area and neighbouring areas with descriptions of two new species from the Czech Republic, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 47, pp. 237-285 : 244-250

Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) splendidus sp. nov.

( Figs. 21-41 )

Type locality. Czech Republic, eastern Bohemia, Orlické hory PLA, Čertův důl valley, Zdobnička env.

Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA or., Orlické hory PLA, Čertův důl valley, Zdobnička env. (5764), Loc. No. 13, meadow and swamp near forest edge, 23.v.1994, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Picea , Anemone , Scirpus , Juncus , Myosotis , Urtica , Apiaceae . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34420, Inv. No. 15795 ( NMPC). PARATYPES: 24 JJ (slides, NMPC). Same locality, Trčkov env. (5664), Velká louka NM meadow, Loc. No. 118 (Fig. 50), forest margin, marshes, small artificial shot-hole lakes, 25.v.1994, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Picea (solitary), Fagus , Alnus , Equisetum , Caltha , Senecio , Myosotis , Ajuga , Orchis, Musci. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat.No. 34421, Inv. No. 15796 (1 J). Mělčany near Dobruška (5762), Loc.No. 143, swamps, MT, 22.iv.- 8.v.2002, P. Chvojka, J. Macek & J. Ježek leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34422, Inv. No. 15797 (1 J). Between Pohoří and České Meziříčí (5762), Zbytka wildlife reserve, Loc. No. 145, a large complex of floodplains and fen meadows in the meander of the Zlatý potok brook, ca 260 m a.s.l., 15.vii.2002, J. Ježek leg. Habitat: rainfilled puddles on a forest drive with Quercus , Fraxinus , Populus , Alnus and Cornus trees around, undergrowth with Rubus , Iris , Stachys , Leonurus , Lappa , Apiaceae and Poaceae . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34423, Inv. No. 15798 (1 J). Železné hory PLA, Barovice (6260), Barovka brook, ravine in forest, 3.v.2000, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Larix , Sorbus , Fagus , Nasturtium, Pteropsida. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34424, Inv. No. 15799 (1 J). Železné hory PLA, between Běstvina and Pařížov (6159), camp site, pond in forest, 9.ix.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Picea , Ulmus , Fagus , Carpinus , Sorbus , Nymphaea , Carex , Caltha . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34425, Inv. No. 15800 (1 J). Železné hory PLA, Práčov env. (6160), Slavická obora deer-park, Boušovka NM, pond in forest, 7.ix.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Betula , Pinus , Sphagnum , Carex , Juncus , Scirpus, Musci. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34426, Inv. No. 15801 (1 J). Železné hory PLA, Rohozná env. (6160), Strádovka NM, MT, 18.vi.1998, F. Bárta leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34427, Inv. No. 15802 (1 J). Železné hory PLA, Trhová Kamenice env. (6160), Zubří NR, MT, 5.viii.1996, F. Bárta leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat.No. 34428, Inv.No.15803 (1J). BOHEMIA occ., Sokolov coal-mining area, Kaceřov (5841), MT, 31.viii.2006, P.Chvojka, J. Macek & J. Ježek leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34429, Inv.No. 15804 (1 J). Sokolov coal-mining area, Loket env. (5842), Lněný vrch hill 604.9 m a.s.l., small brook, valley, 4.v.1994, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Salix , Betula , Caltha , Urtica , Nasturtium . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No.34430, Inv. No. 15805 (1 J). Sokolov coal-mining area, Lomnice env. (5741), Lomnický les forest (now completely clear-cut), pools near the forester’s house, fallen trees, small and large water reservoirs, outflows, small streams and swamps, 3. v. and 7.vi.1995, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Betula , Quercus , Pinus , Alnus , Salix , Sorbus , Rubus , Carex , Juncus , Scirpus , Urtica , Typha , Lychnis , Equisetum , Anemone, Musci. Slides with dissected specimens, Cat. No. 34431-34432, Inv. No. 15806-15807 (2 JJ). Sokolov coal-mining area, Nová Role (5742), Černý potok brook, flocullated iron, MT, 2.viii.2005, P. Chvojka, J. Macek & J. Ježek leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34433, Inv. No. 15808 (1 J). Sokolov coal-mining area, Krušné hory Mts., Dolní Nivy env. (5741), between Ovčí vrch hill (662.4 m a.s.l.) and Holý vrch hill (664.2 m a.s.l.), Pstruhový potok brook, mud wallow, 19.v.2004, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Acer , Picea , Rubus , Caltha , Nasturtium , Apiaceae, Pteropsida. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34434, Inv. No. 15809 (1 J). BOHEMIA mer., České Budějovice – Švábův hrádek, 428 m a.s.l. (7052), ET, dry locality, 10.vi.2003, J. Olejníček leg. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34435, Inv. No. 15810 (1 J). MORAVIA bor., Jeseníky PLA, Rejvíz env. (5769), Dolní Údolí, pastures, brook, marshes, 15.ix.1994, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Frangula , Corylus , Petasites , Filipendula , Scirpus , Senecio , Aegopodium , Urtica . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34436, Inv. No. 15811 (1 J). Jeseníky PLA, Jeseník – Bukovice (5769), pond inlet, swamps, 21.ix.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Alnus , Salix , Frangula , Senecio , Scirpus , Carex , Urtica , Geum , Caltha, Musci. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat.No. 34437, Inv.No. 15812 (1 J). Jeseníky PLA, Lipová Lázně env. (5768), between Bezný (684.6 m a.s.l.) and Javořík (772.1 m a.s.l.) hills, vicinity of Javořický potok brook, swamps in Alnetum, forest, 22.vii.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Picea , Mentha, Pteropsida, Musci. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34438, Inv. No. 15813 (1 J). Jeseníky PLA, Branná env., Nová Branná (5868), Hučava brook, forest mud wallow, 3.viii.1994, Ježek leg. Vegetation. Picea , Corylus , Impatiens , Caltha , Urtica , Petasites , Aconitum , Senecio, Pteropsida, Musci. Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34439, Inv. No. 15814 (1 J). Českomoravské mezihoří area (Moravian part), Osikov, environs of Kopřivná (5967), Ořešník hill (702.6 m a.s.l.), meadow, spring area, forest edge, 15.vii.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Picea , Alnus , Lysimachia , Mentha , Scirpus , Filipendula . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34440, Inv. No. 15815 (1 J). MORAVIA mer., Podyjí NP, Hnanice (7161), rill near the state border, fields, marshes, 9.vi.1998, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Salix , Alnus , Sambucus , Rubus , Filipendula , Symphytum , Carex , Leonurus , Lysimachia , Mentha . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34441, Inv. No. 15816 (1 J). Podyjí NP, between Štítary and Šumná (7061), fields, rill, 23.ix.1995, J. Ježek leg.Vegetation. Alnus , Sambucus , Betula , Urtica , Rumex , Trifolium , Artemisia , Stellaria , Lamiaceae , Poaceae . Slide with dissected specimen, Cat. No. 34442, Inv. No. 15817 (1 J). Bílé Karpaty PLA, Valašské Klobouky (6874), small ponds near railway station, inlets, forest, 20.vi.2005, J. Ježek leg. Vegetation. Fraxinus , Picea , Rubus , Impatiens , Caltha , Stachys , Polygonum . Slides with dissected specimens, Cat. No. 34443-34444, Inv. No. 15818-15819 (2 JJ).

Description. Male. Head capsule as long as broad, vertex short, slim, acute, inflated at level of insertion of corniculae; the latter large, rather short and inflated distally. Eye bridges of four facet rows, narrowly separated by distance equal to two facet diameters. Ratio of distance of tangential points of apices of eyes to minimum width of frons and to facet diameter ca. 6: 1 and 12: 1, respectively. Frontoclypeus with two circular patches of hair pits ( Fig. 21 ). Zone between eye-bridges without pits. Interocular suture absent. Scape approximately 4 times as long as pedicel, progressively broadening from narrow base to broad apical half; pedicel hardly pyriform ( Figs. 23 , 30 ), as long as postpedicel. Postpedicel ( Fig. 23 ) shortly cylindrical, subapically with a tuft of numerous sinuous filaments with characteristic drop-shaped endings ( Fig. 30 ). The following flagellomeres small, cask-shaped, last three ones inconspicuously reduced, apical flagellomere (i.e. antennomere 15) with a long terminal pestle-shaped digit, haired ( Fig. 31 ). Ascoids paired, needle-shaped. Length ratios of maxillary palpomeres 1.0: 1.0: 1.1: 1.7, palpomere 4 annulate ( Fig. 32 ). Terminal lobe of labium bulbous, with many setae ( Fig. 33 ). Cibarium ca. 1.6 times as long as epipharynx.

Thoracic sclerites as in Fig. 34 . ‘Prothoracal’ spiraculum as in Fig. 24 . Wings narrowly lancet-shaped, wing membrane with light-brown to brown infuscation as shown ( Figs. 25- 27 ), 2.1-2.6 mm (2.4 mm in holotype) long, radial and medial forks complete, medial fork hardly basal to level of tip of Cu, radial fork basal to medial, conspicuous discrete thickenings in some parts on almost all veins, only R 5 not strengthened. Basal costal nodes distinct, Sc uninterrupted, M 3 and M 4 attached basally at large distance to basis of Cu. Tip of R 4 placed slightly above rather rounded apex of wing. Medial wing angle 206° ( BCD). Indices of wing AB: AC: AD = 4.6: 4.0: 4.1 ; BC: CD: BD = 1.0: 1.3: 2.2. Wing 2.7 times as long as wide; haltere 2.6 times as long as wide. Ratios of lengths of femora, tibiae and first tarsomeres: P 1 = 1.9: 2.2: 1.0; P 2 = 2.1: 2.7: 1.2; P 3 = 2.1: 3.1: 1.2. Fore claws as in Fig. 35 .

Basal apodeme of aedeagal complex ( Fig. 36 ) with short narrow part caudally, expanding into spatula with truncate proximal margin. Genitalia with inner structures characteristic for the ocellaris species-complex ( Figs. 36, 37 ). Gonocoxites ( Figs. 36, 38 ) short, inflated laterally in a region covered densely with hair scars. Gonostyles elongate (1.5 times as long as gonocoxite), basal region small, compact, concavity inconspicuous, with outer side almost completely straight beyond patch of scars, blade tapered and slightly hooked distally. Epandrium ( Figs. 40, 41 ) with two poor transversal fields of posterior insertions of hairs and a pair of small openings. Sclerotized remainders of tergite and sternite 10 inside of epandrium formed by two narrow lateral lobes diverging distad and expanding into short neck area proximally and spatula-shaped rounded free end. Hypandrium ( Figs. 28 , 36, 39 ) narrow, broadened at midline by a tongue-shaped protuberance (rather long and pointed, high isosceles triangle). Epiproct short and broad, with rounded distal margin; hypoproct large, broad, tongue-shaped, with narrow basis; both parts haired ( Figs. 40, 41 ). Surstylus ( Figs. 40, 41 ) stout proximally (lateral view), with ventral surface only slightly convex; about 8-14 retinacula, the longest one about third as long as surstylus.

Female unknown.

Variability. Length of coniculi variable ( Figs. 22 , 29 ). Second and third flagellomeres sometimes partially fused (slide Inv. No. 15799, left antenna only). Tongue-shaped protuberance of hypandrium long or extremely long, pointed or rounded but always narrow ( Figs. 28 , 36, 39 ).

Differential diagnosis. The new species differs from Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) longicorniculatus Krek, 1987 , mainly by rather short corniculi ( Figs. 22 , 29 ) that are not reaching from the vertex to the lateral fold of eyes, a short basal apodeme with a cut proximal margin ( Fig. 36 ), a rather pointed tongue-shaped protuberance of the hypandrium ( Figs. 28 , 36, 39 ) and a broad epiproct. Clytocerus longicorniculatus has long corniculi ( Fig. 19 ) reaching from the vertex to the lateral fold of eyes, the basal apodeme prolonged and rounded proximally, the hypandrium with a low and rather rounded equilateral triangular protuberance of the hypandrium ( Fig. 20 ), and a narrow epiproct.

Etymology. From the Latin splendidus, an adjective meaning splendid. This member of the ocellaris species complex has a conspicuous and eye-pleasing shape of the hypandrial tubercle.

Bionomics. Unknown. Registered sporadically from lowlands to hills (200-800 m a.s.l.). It was collected by sweeping in a variety of habitats, including a forest valley and ravine with fallen trees, marshes, shothole pools and large water reservoirs, a large complex of floodplains and fen meadows, a meandering brook with solitary trees, rain-filled puddles on a forest drive, as well as in a deer-park, camping and coal-mining area, rills, ponds in forest, mud wallows, pastures, fields, and a red spring area (floculated iron). Dominant trees at these habitats included Alnus , Picea , Fagus , Quercus , Fraxinus , Populus , Cornus , Larix , Sorbus , Ulmus , Carpinus , Betula , Pinus , Salix , Acer , Frangula , Corylus , Sambucus ; the undergrowth at wet localities was mainly composed by Aconitum , Caltha , Carex , Equisetum , Filipendula , Iris , Juncus , Leonurus , Lychnis , Lysimachia , Mentha , Myosotis , Nasturtium , Nymphaea , Orchis , Petasites , Polygonum , Scirpus , Sphagnum , Typha, Pteropsida and Musci , sometimes mixed with other plants such as Rubus , Aegopodium , Ajuga , Anemone , Artemisia , Geum , Impatiens , Lappa , Rumex , Senecio , Stachys , Stellaria , Symphytum , Trifolium , Urtica , Apiaceae , Lamiaceae , and Poaceae . The species was also caught in a Malaise trap as well as an emergence trap. Occurrence of adults: May to September.

Distribution. Czech Republic, Bohemia and Moravia.

Comments on the generic classification. Intergeneric relationships of the genus Clytocerus Eaton, 1904 , in the tribe Pericomini were discussed and indicated partially by VAILLANT (1976). Including the new species, the genus now comprises 34 species from Holarctic and Afrotropical regions. ENDERLEIN (1935: 247) designated Pericoma dalii Eaton, 1893 , as the type species of Clytocerus Eaton, 1904 , which was accepted by DUCKHOUSE (1975). However, ENDERLEIN (1935) overlooked that TONNOIR (1920: 137) established Clytocerus based on the single species Clytocerus africanus Tonnoir, 1920 , which is therefore the type species by monotypy. DUCKHOUSE (1978) noticed his earlier mistake and synonymized the African subgenus Notoclytocerus Duckhouse, 1975 (type species Clytocerus tauricornis Duckhouse, 1975: 428 ) with Clytocerus s. str. For the northern species of Clytocerus , he proposed a new subgenus Boreoclytocerus ( DUCKHOUSE 1978: 307) with C. ocellaris (Meigen, 1804) as the type species. This view is generally accepted by almost all specialists. However, WITHERS (2005) regarded Boreoclytocerus as a separate genus because of the differences between the structures of male genitalia in Clytocerus s. str. and Boreoclytocerus . DUCKHOUSE (1975) and WAGNER (1990) quoted an additional synonym of Clytocerus : Synseodais Enderlein, 1937 (type species Synseodais flavitarsis Enderlein, 1937: 92 , by original designation). Finally, the systematic position of Phalaenula Meigen, 1800 (type species Trichoptera ocellaris Meigen,

1804, subsequently designated by COQUILLETT (1910: 587)) was discussed by QUATE (1955). The work of MEIGEN (1800) was suppressed by the ICZN (1963) and discussed by SABROSKY (1999, with references in THOMPSON et al. 1999).

Figures

Figs. 21-28. Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) splendidus sp. nov., J. 21 – frontoclypeus; 22 – corniculus; 23 – pedicel and postpedicel; 24 – ‘prothoracal’ spiraculum (detail); 25 – wing; 26 – neala; 27 – wing membrane and veins in detail; 28 – hypandrium. Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs. 22-24, 28), 0.02 mm (Fig. 27), 0.1 mm (Fig. 26), 0.2 mm (Fig. 21), and 1 mm (Fig. 25).

Figs. 29-41. Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) splendidus sp. nov., J. 29 – corniculus (variability); 30 – basal antennomeres; 31 – apical antennomeres; 32 – maxilla and maxillary palpus; 33 – dorsal view of terminal lobe of labium; 34 – lateral view of thoracic sclerites; 35 – dorsal view of fore claw; 36 – dorsal view of aedeagal complex and gonopode; 37 – lateral view of aedeagal complex; 38 – lateral view of gonocoxite and gonostyle; 39 – hypandrium, variability; 40 – dorsal view of epandrium and surstylus; 41 – same, lateral view. Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs. 29-38, 40-41) and 0.05 mm (Fig. 39).

Figs. 18-20. 18 – Parajungiella consors (Eaton, 1893), J (Praha – Suchdol), aedeagal complex. 19-20 – Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) longicorniculatus Krek, 1987, J (České Budějovice, Švábův hrádek). 19 – corniculus; 20 – hypandrium. Scales = 0.05 mm.