Formosatettix Tinkhamı 1937

Wei, Shi-Zhen, Deng, Wei-An & Lu, Xiang-Yi, 2019, Pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Formosatettix Tinkhamı 1937 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Tetriginae), Journal of Natural History 53 (17), pp. 1001-1022 : 1003-1010

Key to the species of Formosatettix Tinkhamı 1937

1. Apex of hind pronotal process concave ........................................................................................ 2 - Apex of hind pronotal process sharp rounded or rounded or widely rounded ........ 10

2. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view truncate; median carina of pronotum in profile slightly straight; vertex and frontal ridge rounded together in profile. Distribution: China (Guangxi).......................... .......................... F. guangxiensis Zheng, 1998

- Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting ........................... 3

3. Lower margins of middle femora straight .................................................................................... 4 - Lower margins of middle femora undulated ............................................................................... 5

4. Width of vertex 1.3 times width of eye; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight. Distribution: China (Sichuan)............ ............ F. nigrimaculatus Lin, Wei and Deng, 2013

- Width of vertex 1.6 times width of eye; lower margin of hind pronotal process curved. Distribution: China (Jiangxi).................................................. F. lushanensis Zheng and Yang, 1988

5. Lateral keels of metazona straight.................................................................................................... 6 - Lateral keels of metazona curved..................................................................................................... 7

6. Lower margin of hind pronotal process straight; frontal ridge between antennae distinct, wider than diameter of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Henan).......................................... ............................................................................................................................... F. henanensis Liang, 1991

- Lower margin of hind pronotal process curved; frontal ridge between antennae narrower than or equal to diameter of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Sichuan) ..................................................................................................... F. gonggashanensis Zheng, 1992a

7. Width of vertex 1.6 times width of eye; middle of posterior margin of female subgenital plate concave. Distribution: China (Hubei)................................................................. ...................................................................................... F. tiantangensis Zheng and Zhong, 2000

- Width of vertex 2 – 2.5 times width of eye; middle of posterior margin of female subgenital plate with a triangular projecting or with three teeth ................................................................... 8

8. Width of vertex 2.5 times width of eye; frontal ridge in lateral view distinctly concave before eyes. Distribution: China (Hubei).. F. mufushanensis Zheng and Zhong, 2005

- Width of vertex 2 times width of eye; frontal ridge in lateral view straight or slightly concave before eyes ............................................................................................................................... 9

9. Vertex and frontal ridge rounded together in profile; frontal ridge between antennae distinct wider than diameter of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Yunnan)................ ............................................................................................. F. curvimarginus Zheng and Ou, 2009

- Vertex and frontal ridge form a right angle in profile; frontal ridge between antennae equal to diameter of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Yunnan)..................................... .................................................................................................... F. xianggelila Zheng and Ou, 2004

10. Median carina of pronotum in profile distinct elevated and arch-like ........................ 11

- Median carina of pronotum in profile low and straight or only slightly protruding near the anterior margin .................................................................................................................. 49

11. Frontal ridge in lateral view distinctly concave before eyes ............................................ 12 - Frontal ridge in lateral view straight or slightly concave before eyes ......................... 25

12. Lower margin of hind pronotal process straight, lateral keels of metazona also straight..................................................................................................................................................... 13

- Lower margin of hind pronotal process curved, lateral keels of metazona also curved...................................................................................................................................................... 14

13. Vertex and frontal ridge form a rounded angle in profile; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view acute angle projecting. Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan).................................................................................................. F . qinlingensis Zheng, 1982

- Vertex and frontal ridge form an acute angle in profile; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting. Distribution: China (Hubei).................................. ........................................................................... F. prominemarginus Zhong and Zheng, 2003

14. Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view not surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; width of vertex 1.3 – 1.8 times width of eye........................................................................................... 15

- Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view distinctly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; width of vertex 2.0 – 3.56 times width of eye........................................................................... 16

15. Width of vertex 1.8 times width of eye; lateral keels of prozona parallel; hind pronotal process reaching one-third of hind femur. Distribution: Nepal (Seti). .................................... ....................................................................................................................................... F. seti Ingrisch, 2006

- Width of vertex 1.3 – 1.6 times width of eye; lateral keels of prozona constricted backwards; hind pronotal process reaching middle of hind femur. Distribution: China (Jilin) and Japan (Shizuoka)......................... ......................... F . surugaensis Ishikawa, 2004

16. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting. ...................... 17 - Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view acute angle projecting. ......................... 20

17. Lower carinae of mid femora straight; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge distinctly wider than diameter (width) of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Zhejiang).................................. ................................ F. tianmushanensis Zheng and Li, 2001

- Lower carinae of mid femora sinuate; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge equal to diameter (width) of antennal socket ........................................................................ 18

18. Dorsum of pronotum behind shoulders with a row of parallel transverse carinae. Distribution: China (Yunnan) .................. ................. F. wulaoshanensis Zhen et al. 2010

- Dorsum of pronotum behind shoulders smooth, without parallel transverse carina 19 19. Length of pronotum 2.5 times longer than its height; antennae located between lower margin of eyes; posterior metatarsus with pulvilli equal in length. Distribution: China (Yunnan)...................................... ..................................... F. yunnanensis Zheng, 1992b

- Length of pronotum 4.3 times longer than its height; antennae located below lower margin of eyes; posterior metatarsus with pulvilli increasing in size from first to third. Distribution: Nepal (Panchthar).......................................................... F. martensi Ingrisch, 2001

20. Lower carinae of mid femora straight; anterior margin of vertex arcuate; lateral ocelli placed in between lower third of inner margin of eyes. Distribution: China (Hunan). ................................................................................................................. F. nigrifemurus Deng, 2016

- Lower carinae of mid femora sinuate........................................................................................ 21

21. Lateral keels of prozona parallel ................................................................................................... 22 - Lateral keels of prozona constricted backwards. ................................................................... 23

22. Width of vertex 2.4 times width of eye; prozona anteriorly extending between middle of eyes. Distribution: China (Sichuan)......................................... F. omeiensis Zheng, 2009

- Width of vertex 3.1 times width of eye; prozona anteriorly not reaching posterior margins of eyes. Distribution: China (Hubei)...... ...... F. helanshanensis Zheng, 1992c

23. Width of vertex 1.6 – 2.0 times width of eye; lower carinae of hind femur sinuate and with 5 – 7 small teeth. Distribution: China (Guizhou)... .. F. serrifemora Deng sp. nov.

- Width of vertex 2.7 – 3.6 times width of eye; lower carinae of hind femur straight 24

24. Width of vertex 2.7 times width of eye; apex of pronotum slightly surpassing apex of hind femur. Distribution: China (Hubei).......... .......... F. shennongjiaensis Zheng, 1997

- Width of vertex 3.6 times width of eye; apex of pronotum reaching middle of hind femur Distribution: China (Gansu). ............... .............. F. baishuijiangensis Zheng, 1999

25. In profile, upper margin of pronotum strongly lamellate, elevated and distinctly spherical.......................................................................................................................................................... 26

- In profile, upper margin of pronotum slightly arched....................................................... 29

26. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view truncate; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight, lateral keels of metazona also straight, width of the area between the two is narrower. Distribution: Nepal (Kathmandu). F. verrucinotus Ingrisch, 2001

- Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle or acute angle projecting; lower margin of hind pronotal process curved, lateral keels of metazona also curved, width of the area between the two is wide............................................................................ 27

27. Width of vertex 1.25 times width of eye; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting and reaching posterior margins of eyes. Distribution: China (Tibet).................................................. ................................................. F. brevicornus Zheng, 1992

- Width of vertex more than 2.0 times width of eye; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view acute angle projecting and reaching anterior margins of vertex ........ 28

28. Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than diameter (width) of antennal socket; lateral keels of metazona straight; lower carinae of mid femora straight. Distribution: China (Yunnan) ................................................... F. cliva Deng, 2016

- Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge wider than diameter (width) of antennal socket; lateral keels of metazona curved; lower carinae of mid femora sinuate. Distribution: China (Guangxi)........................... ......................... F. tianlinensis Zheng, 2009

29. Fastigium of vertex between eyes narrower, width of vertex 1.4 – 1.7 times width of eye...................................................................................................................................................................... 30

- Fastigium of vertex between eyes broader, width of vertex 2.0 – 2.6 times width of eye............................................................................................................................................................. 38

30. Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than or equal to diameter (width) of antennal socket. ............................................................................................................. 31

- Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 1.3 – 1.5 times diameter (width) of antennal socket. .................................................................................................................................. 34

31. Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than diameter (width) of antennal socket; with abbreviated carinae between shoulders. Distribution: China (Hainan) ............................................................................................. F. hainanensis Zheng, 2012

- Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge equal to diameter (width) of antennal socket; without abbreviated carinae between shoulders... .............................................. 32

32. Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight. Distribution: China (Yunnan).............................................................................. ................................................................................... F. wuliangshanensis Zheng and Ou, 2004

- Lateral carinae of prozona parallel; lower margin of hind pronotal process curved...................................................................................................................................................... 33

33. Frontal ridge in lateral view slightly concave before eyes; mid segments of antennae 3.5 – 4 times as long as wide; apex of pronotum reaching knee of hind femur; apex of the posterior process of pronotum in dorsal view sharp, rounded; lower carinae of middle femora straight. Distribution: China (Zhejiang).......... ........ F. zhejiangensis Deng sp. nov.

- Frontal ridge in lateral view straightly before eyes, mid segments of antennae 2 times as long as wide; apex of pronotum reaching two-thirds of hind femur; apex of the posterior process of pronotum in dorsal view broadly rounded; lower carinae of middle femora sinuate. Distribution: China (Hubei and Anhui)............................................ .......................................................................................... F . albomaculata Zheng and Ou, 2010

34. Dorsum of pronotum smooth and with dense small particles; apex of pronotum reaching knee of hind femur. Distribution: Japan (Tokai). F. tokaiensis Uchida, 2001

- Dorsum of pronotum coarse; apex of pronotum reaching middle of hind femur 35

35. Width of vertex 1.8 – 1.9 times width of eye; antennae located below lower margin of eyes; surface of pronotum densely covered with blisters and rugae. Distribution: Nepal (Sankhua Sabha) ................................ ............................... F. pustulatus Ingrisch, 2001

- Width of vertex 1.6 times width of eye; antennae located between lower margin of eyes; surface of pronotum smooth and covered with dense small particles36

36. Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view not surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view truncate; lower carinae of middle femora sinuate. Distribution: China (Yunnan) ......... F. dongchuanensis Zheng and Ou, 2009

- Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view distinctly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle; lower carinae of middle femora straight. ................................................................................................................................... 37

37. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view reaching between middle of eyes; frontal ridge in lateral view slightly concave before eyes. Distribution: China (Jilin).................. ............................................................................................................... F. lushuiheensis Wang, 2007

- Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view reaching posterior margins of eyes; frontal ridge in lateral view straight before eyes. Distribution: China (Yunnan)................................... ..................................................................................................... F. xueshanensis Zheng and Ou, 2010

38. Lower margin of hind pronotal process straight; apex of pronotum reaching apex of hind femur.. ............................................................................................................................................ 39

- Lower margin of hind pronotal process curved; apex of pronotum not reaching apex of hind femur......................................................................................................................................... 41

39. Lateral carinae of prozona parallel; width of vertex 2.75 times width of eye.

Distribution: China (Hubei) .................................. F. hubeiensis Zheng, Li and Wei, 2002 - Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards; width of vertex 2.0 times width of eye............................................................................................................................................................. 40

40. Size small, length of body 310 – 10.5 mm, ♀ 10.5 – 11 mm; anterior margin of vertex arched; lower carinae of fore femora with two teeth . Distribution : China (Guangxi).. .................................................................................................... F . damingshanensis Li et al. 2014

- Size large, length of body 312 – 12.5 mm, ♀ 14.5 – 15 mm; anterior margin of vertex almost straight; lower carinae of fore femora without tooth and straight. Distribution: China (Guangxi)................................................ F . dayaoshanensis Zheng and Jiang, 1997a

41. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view acute angle projecting .......................... 42 - Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting. ...................... 44

42. Lower carinae hind femur with a row of teeth and undulated; width of vertex 2.5 times width of eye. Distribution: China (Guangdong) F. undulatifemura Zheng, 2012 - Lower carinae hind femur smooth and straight; width of vertex 1.7 – 2.0 times width of eye.. ...................................................................................................................................................... 43

43. Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards; lower carinae of middle femora straight. Distribution: China (Yunnan) ..................................................... F. zhengi Ou, 2011 - Lateral carinae of prozona parallel; lower carinae of middle femora undulated. Distribution: China (Guangxi) ..................................................... F. brachynota Zheng, 1992

44. Lower carinae of middle femora straight.................................................................................. 45 - Lower carinae of middle femora undulated ............................................................................ 46

45. Width of vertex 2.0 times width of eye in male; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 1.5 times diameter (width) of antennal socket. Distribution: China (Anhui)......... ................................................................... Formosatettix platynotus Zheng and Wang, 1991

- Width of vertex 2.5 times width of eye in male; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge equal to diameter (width) of antennal socket. Distribution: China, Russia, Korea and Japan............................................ ......................................... F. robustus Storozhenko, 1981

46. Width of vertex 2.6 times width of eye; vertex and frontal ridge are forming a obtuserounded in profile. Distribution: China (Yunnan)................................................................................. .............................................................................................. F. cangshanensis Zheng and Mao, 1997

- Width of vertex 1.8 – 2.0 times width of eye............................................................................. 47

47. Lateral carinae of prozona parallel; apex of pronotum reaching middle of hind femur. Distribution: China (Zhejiang).................................... F. longwangshanensis Zheng, 1998

- Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards; apex of pronotum reaching twothirds of hind femur. .......................................................................................................................... 48

48. Frontal ridge in profile arcute with a weak notch in front of lateral ocelli; with abbreviated carinae between shoulders; hind femur with finely serrated carina. Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab).... .... F. obtusus Azhar, Suhail, Sabir and Saeed, 2000

- Frontal ridge in profile straight in front of lateral ocelli; without abbreviated carinae between shoulders; carina of hind femur smooth. Distribution: China, Korea, Pakistan and Japan.................................... ................................... F. larvatus B.- Bienko, 1951

49. In profile, upper margin of pronotum strongly elevated and slightly arched before shoulders......................................................................................................................................................... 50

- In profile, upper margin of pronotum low and flat, and straight or undulated.... 60

50. Anterior margin of fastigium of vertex in dorsal view obtuse angle. Distribution:

China (Guangdong)........................................................................ F. longidorsalis Liang, 1991 - Anterior margin of fastigium of vertex in dorsal view arched or straight. ............... 51

51. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view straight or slightly arched.. ................. 52 - Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting... .................... 55

52. Lateral carinae of prozona parallel; antennae located below lower margin of eyes.

Distribution: Nepal (Gorkha)...................................................... F. gorkhanus Ingrisch, 2001 - Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards; antennae located between lower margin of eyes or between lower third of inner margins of eye................................... 53

53. Frontal ridge between fastigium and median ocellus in lateral view straight; antennae located between lower third of inner margins of eye. Distribution: China (Guangxi)..... .............................................................................................................. F. guposhanensis Deng sp. nov.

- Frontal ridge in lateral view distinctly concave before eyes; antennae located between lower margins of eyes................................................................................................... 54

54. Width of vertex 2.0 times width of eye; apex of pronotum reaching middle of hind femur. Distribution: China (Taiwan) .................................. F. karenkoensis Tinkham, 1937

- Width of vertex 2.6 times width of eye; apex of pronotum reaching apex of hind femur. Distribution: China (Guangxi)............ F. huapingensis Zheng and Jiang, 1997b

55. Fastigium of vertex strongly elevated and its anterior margin distinctly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes. Distribution: China (Taiwan). F. arisanensis Tinkham, 1937

- Fastigium of vertex flat and its anterior margin slightly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes. ..................................................................................................................................... 56

56. Width of vertex 2.0 times width of eye; in profile, upper margin of pronotum straight.. .................................................................................................................................................. 57

- Width of vertex 1.4 – 1.9 times width of eye; in profile, upper margin of pronotum arched before shoulders ........................................................................................................................................ 58

57. Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than diameter (width) of antennal socket; antennae located between lower margins of eyes; upper carinae of hind femur smooth and straight. Distribution: China (Guangdong).................................... ........................................................................................................ F. guangdongensis Liang, 1991

- Width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge wider than diameter (width) of antennal socket; antennae located below lower margin of eyes; upper carinae of hind femur serrated and undulated. Distribution: China (Sichuan)................................................ ..................................................................................................................... F. nigritibia Zheng, 2012

58. Antennae located below lower margin of eyes; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 0.7 – 1.1 times diameter (width) of antennal socket. Distribution: Nepal (Parbat). .................................................................................................................. F. gorapanis Ingrisch, 2001

- Antennae located between lower margins of eyes; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 1.4 times diameter (width) of antennal socket.. ........................................ 59

59. Lower margin of hind pronotal process straight; lower carinae of mid femora straight. Distribution: China (Hubei and Henan).. . F. dabieshanensis Zheng and Wang, 1991

- Lower margin of hind pronotal process curved; lower carinae of mid femora sinuate. Distribution: China (Anhui and Hubei)........................................ F . anhuiensis Deng, 2016

60. In profile, upper margin of pronotum undulated; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 2.0 times diameter (width) of antennal socket; middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate concave. Distribution: China (Yunnan)...................................... ........................................................................................ F. camurimargina Zheng and Ou, 2004

- In profile, upper margin of pronotum straight; width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge equal to or narrower than diameter (width) of antennal socket; middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with a triangular projecting............................... 61

61. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view straight; lower margin of hind pronotal process curved, lateral carinae of metazona also curved.. ................................................ 62

- Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view slightly arched or obtuse angle projecting; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight, lateral carinae of metazona also straight...................................................................................................................................................... 63

62. Dorsum of pronotum coarse; width of vertex equal to width of eye; with abbreviated carinae between shoulders. Distribution: China (Yunnan)........................................................ ............................................................................................ F. torulosinota Zheng and Mao, 2002

- Dorsum of pronotum smooth; width of vertex 2.3 times width of eye; without abbreviated carinae between shoulders. Distribution: China.(Guangxi).............................. ............................................................................. F. yuanbaoshanensis Zheng and Jiang, 1997

63. Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view obtuse angle projecting; lateral carinae of prozona parallel. Distribution: Japan (Niigata Prefecture) .................................................. ....................................................................... F. niigataensis Storozhenko and Ichikawa, 1993

- Anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view slightly arched; lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards.................................................................................................... 64

64. Width of vertex 1.3 times width of eye; lower carinae of mid femora sinuate. Distribution: China ( Taiwan and Guangdong)................ F. formosanus ( Shiraki, 1906)

- Width of vertex 2.0 times width of eye; lower carinae of mid femora straight. Distribution: China (Guangdong)............................... F. nanlingensis Cao and Zheng, 2011