Rhinolophus lanosus, Volleth & Son & Wu & Li & Yu & Lin & Arai & Trifonov & Liehr & Harada, 2017

Volleth, Marianne, Son, Nguyen Truong, Wu, Yi, Li, Yuchun, Yu, Wenhua, Lin, Liang-Kong, Arai, Satoru, Trifonov, Vladimir, Liehr, Thomas & Harada, Masashi, 2017, Comparative chromosomal studies in Rhinolophus formosae and R. luctus from China and Vietnam: elevation of R. l. lanosus to species rank, Acta Chiropterologica 19 (1), pp. 41-50 : 44

Rhinolophus lanosus stat. rev.

The female from Sichuan province, China, showed a diploid chromosome number of 2 n = 32 and a FNa = 60. The karyotype was composed of 15 meta- to submetacentric autosomal pairs and two metacentric X chromosomes ( Fig. 4 ). Heterochromatin was detected by C-banding at all centromeres and in the proximal part of the short arm of the X chromosome. The size of this heterochromatic segment differed between both homologs of the female studied (inset of Fig. 4 ). The NORs are located at the secondary constriction in the short arm of pair 8. This chromosomal arm is homologous to MMY21. The frequency of active NORs as detected by silver-staining was 1.8 NORs per cell (10 metaphase spreads analyzed). The composition of autosomal arms was studied by combination of whole chromosome painting probes from A. stoliczkanus , complemented by some M. myotis probes (MMY8, 14, 18). The hybridization results are summarized on the karyotype ( Fig. 4 ), and as examples

metaphase spreads hybridized with probes from AST 1, 2 and 8 are shown ( Fig. 3B and 3E ). G-banding and FISH results revealed that the karyotype of R. lanosus differs from that of R. luctoides and R. cf. luctoides from Vietnam by a whole arm reciprocal translocation (WART) between pairs 3 and 4. In the karyotype of R. cf. luctoides , pair 3 is composed of arms homologous to AST2 ad AST5, whereas in R. lanosus it consists of arms homologous to AST7 and AST5. Homology to AST1 and AST7 is found in pair 4 of R. cf. luctoides , but to AST1 and AST 2 in R. lanosus ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

FIG. 4. G-banded karyotype of the R. lanosus female from China. Numbers to the right of each chromosome pair indicate homology to A. stoliczkanus (AST) chromosomal arms as revealed by FISH with AST probes and G-band comparison. On the left of each chromosomal pair, homology to chromosomal arms or segments of the vespertilionid M. myotis (MMY) is given. The composition of chromosomal arms is similar as in R. cf. luctoides (Fig. 1) except for pairs 3 and 4 which differ by a whole arm translocation (WART). The inset shows that the size difference between the X chromosomes is due to variation

FIG. 3. FISH examples showing the hybridization patterns of A. stoliczkanus (AST) chromosome-specific painting probes onto metaphase spreads of R. cf. luctoides (A, D), R. lanosus (B, E) and R. formosae (C, F). A–C — hybridization signals of AST1 (red) and AST8 (green) meet in chromosome 5 in R. cf. luctoides (A) and R. lanosus (B) but not in R. formosae (C). In B and C AST X (yellow) was applied in addition. D, E — hybridization signals of AST2 (green) and AST5 (red) meet in chromosome 3 of R. cf. luctoides (D), but not in R. lanosus (E), where AST2 (green) is found in combination with AST1 (red) on chromosome 4 instead.

FIG. 5. Comparison of chromosomes number 3 and 4 of R. cf. luctoides (upper part) and R. lanosus (lower part). The Gbanded chromosomes in the centre are supplemented by their homologes painted with combinations of AST probes. In both species, the short arm of pair 4 (left) and the long arm of pair 3 (right) show homology to AST1 and AST5, respectively. The remaining two chromosomal arms are proposed to have been exchanged by a WART. Homology to AST7 is found on pair 4 of R. cf. luctoides but on pair 3 in R. lanosus; hybridization signals for AST2 are found in pair 3 of R. cf. luctoides but on