Indomarengo, Benjamin, 2004

Benjamin, Suresh P., 2004, Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1), pp. 1-82 : 40-43

INDOMARENGO GEN. NOV.

Type species: Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov.

Etymology: Combination of Indo- (from Indonesia, where most of the species described live) + Marengo . It is considered feminine in gender.

Monophyly and phylogenetic placement: Monophyly remains to be tested. Autapomorphies of I. chandra are the constriction just below the apex of the rta (9-1) and the presence of scattered papillae (39-1).

Diagnosis: Indomarengo is distinguished from all other Ballinae genera as follows: (1) except for Leikung and Afromarengo , by the S-shaped path of the sperm duct (6; Figs 38D, E , 41E, F , 42A, B ); (2) except for Sadies , Leikung and Afromarengo , by the presence of a prosomal protuberance (28; Figs 38C , 42D ); (3) except for Leikung , of lts with a smooth surface with thin long spines (34; Figs 40E , 43C ). Indomarengo is distinguished from Leikung by the presence of the following characters in the latter: tooth on anterior epigynal border (14; Figs 48E , 50A–C ), raised ple (29; Figs 48D , 49D , 52G and 53A ), eight spines on tibia I (35; Figs 49D , 53E , 55C ) and pits with sensory setae (38; Fig. 53B ).

Description: See description of type species.

Composition: Three species: I. thomsoni ( Wanless, 1978) comb. nov., I. sarawakensis sp. nov. and I. chandra sp. nov.

Distribution: Indonesia, Malaysia.

INDOMARENGO SARAWAKENSIS SP. NOV.

( FIGS 4B , 38A- E , 39A- C , 40A- E , 41A- F )

Holotype: ♂ from Malaysia: Sarawak, Semengoh Arboretum , 3.4.1985, leg. C.L. Deeleman, deposited in RMNH.

Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype. The types were collected together from the retreat shown in Figure 4B .

Etymology: Adjective: ‘from Sarawak’, after the type locality.

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from its sister, I. chandra , by the shape and the absence of a constriction just below the apex of the rta ( Figs 42B , 43A, D ). The male of I. thomsoni is not known ( Wanless, 1978). The female may be distinguished from that of I. thomsoni by the route of cd ( Fig. 39A–C ; Wanless, 1978: fig. 8b, c, d). Furthermore, I. sarawakensis has a rounded opisthosoma ( Figs 38A , 41C ), whereas I. thomsoni has an oval elongated opisthosoma ( Wanless, 1978: fig. 8a, f).

Male: Total length 3.6; prosoma length 1.6, width 1.2. Leg I: femur 1.0 patella 0.5, tibia 0.9, metatarsus 0.8, tarsus 0.3. Markings as in Figures 38A, C , 41A- C . Prosoma dark brown, without prominent markings except for dark rings surrounding the eyes; venter dark brown. Opisthosoma round to oval, light brown, shining, with two black spots; venter yellow/grey. Specimens have what appears to be a faint transverse white band on the opisthosoma. Legs I–IV laterally with dark markings. Eyes surrounded by dark rings. Chelicera, labium dark brown, without marking. Leg formula 1423. Tibia I with 2/2/0/2 spines, metatarsus I with 2/2 spines. Long setae on prosoma and opisthosoma ( Figs 38A, C , 41A ). Palp: cymbium oval, rta tilted backwards, tapering to a pointed end. Tegulum bilobed, path of sperm duct as in Figures 38D, E , 41E, F ; embolus thin, long, coils more than 1.5 times ( Figs 38D, E , 40A, B , 41E, F ).

Variation: The male from Java, Udjung Kulon reserve: the pp appears not to be well elevated as in other specimens. Opisthosoma has a visible transverse white band and the posterior half is darker. The shape of the rta is somewhat different ( Fig. 41E ).

Female: Paratype: total length 3.5; prosoma length 1.6, width 1.0. Leg I: femur 0.5, patella 0.4, tibia 1.0 metatarsus 0.5, tarsus 0.3. General appearance as in male but lighter in colour. Prosoma yellow brown, without prominent markings. Opisthosoma lighter than in male. Legs laterally with dark markings. Eyes rows recurved, surrounded by dark rings. Leg formula 1423. Epigynum and vulva as in Figure 39A- C .

Other material examined: INDONESIA: Java, West Java, Udjung Kulon reserve, fr. Leaf; 1♂, 17– 19.1.1986, leg. Suharto Djojosudharmo, deposited in RMNH. Udjung Kulon reserve is a primary lowland rainforest ( Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001) .

INDOMARENGO CHANDRA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 42A- E , 43A- F , 44A- I )

Holotype: ♂ from Indonesia: North Sumatra, Gunung Leuser at Ketambe , submontane, 1400 m, 29.11.1984, leg. Suharto Djojosudharmo, deposited in RMNH.

Paratype: 2♂ from Indonesia: North Sumatra, Gunung Leuser at Ketambe , trail 13, 17.2.1985, leg. Suharto Djojosudharmo, deposited in RMNH (one male on a sputter-coated SEM stub) .

Etymology: Chandra, used as a noun in apposition, is Sanskrit for moon. Named after my beloved aunt, Chandra Wedikkara.

Diagnosis: Although similar to I. sarawakensis , this species can be distinguished from its sister by the shape of the rta and the presence of a constriction just below its apex ( Figs 42B , 43A, D ). I. chandra has a rounded opisthosoma ( Fig. 42E ), whereas I. thomsoni has a oval elongated opisthosoma ( Wanless, 1978: fig. 8a, f).

Male: Total length 4.5; prosoma length 2.1 width: 1.3. Leg I: femur 1.3, patella 0.6, tibia 1.3, metatarsus 0.8, tarsus 0.3. Markings as in Figure 42D, E . Prosoma light yellow/brown, without prominent markings except for dark rings surrounding eyes. Opisthosoma oval, dark brown, darker laterally, shining, no markings except for a faintly visible transverse light band. Ventral parts uniformly grey to yellow. Legs I–IV laterally with dark markings. Chelicerae and labium brown, without marking. Leg formula 1423. Tibia I with 2/2/0/2 spines, metatarsus I with 2/2 spines. Palp: cymbium oval, apical end tapering. Retrolateral tibial apophysis tilted backwards, a constriction just below

Figures

Figure 4. Photographs of live Ballinae species. A, Ballus chalybeius (Barbara Knoflach). B, Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov. (Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold). C, Afromarengo coriacea (John Murphy). D, Leikung porosa from Malaysia, Gunung Trus Madi (Peter Koomen).

Figure 38. Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov., male from Sarawak, Malaysia (RMNH). A, habitus, ventral view. B, left leg I, lateral view. C, prosoma, lateral view. D, male palp, retrolateral view. E, same, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (D, E); 2.0 mm (A–C).

Figure 39. Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov., from Sarawak, Malaysia (RMNH). Female genitalia. A, epigynum, ventral view. B, vulva, ventral view. C, same, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figure 40. SEM, Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov., from Sarawak, Malaysia (RMNH). A, right male palp, retrolateral view. B, st, ec and embolus. C, setae on the apex of cy, retrolateral view. D, right tibia I, lateral view. E, lts. Scale bars = 1 Mm (C); 50 Mm (B); 10 Mm (E); 100 Mm (A); 300 Mm (D).

Figure 41. Indomarengo sarawakensis sp. nov., male from Java, Indonesia (RMNH). A, prosoma, lateral view. B, same, dorsal view. C, opisthosoma, dorsal view. D, left leg I, lateral view. E, male palp, retrolateral view. F, same, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (E, F); 1.0 mm (A–C); 2.0 mm (D).

Figure 42. Indomarengo chandra sp. nov. (RMNH). A, male palp, ventral view. B, same, retrolateral view. C, left leg I, lateral view. D, prosoma, lateral view. E, habitus, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A, B); 2.0 mm (D, E); 4.0 mm (C).

Figure 43. SEM, Indomarengo chandra sp. nov. (RMNH). A, right male palp, retrolateral view. B, ec and embolus, retrolateral view. C, tip of embolus, retrolateral view. D, rta, retrolateral view. E, st, ec and embolus. F, setae on the apex of cy, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 5 Mm (C, F); 30 Mm (D, E); 50 Mm (B); 100 Mm (A).

Figure 44. SEM, Indomarengo chandra sp. nov. (RMNH). A–C, right tibia I with lts, lateral view. D-I, prosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars = 10 Mm (C); 30 Mm (E, G, H, I); 50 Mm (B); 100 Mm (F); 300 Mm (A, D).

Figure 48. Leikung porosa from Kerinci, Sumatra, Indonesia (RMNH). A-D, male. A, male palp, ventral view. B, same, retrolateral view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, same, lateral view. E, female genitalia, epigynum, ventral view. Note the raised ple; arrow indicates the transverse white line. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A, B, E); 2.0 mm (C, D).

Figure 49. Leikung porosa from Bohorok, North Sumatra, Indonesia (RMNH). A, male palp, ventral view. B, same, retrolateral view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A, B); 2.0 mm (C, D).

Figure 50. Leikung porosa from Bohorok, North Sumatra, Indonesia (RMNH). Female genitalia. A, epigynum, ventral view. B, vulva, ventral view. C, vulva, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figure 52. SEM, Leikung porosa (RMNH). A–E, Bohorok, North Sumatra, Indonesia. F-I, Kerinci, Sumatra, Indonesia. A right palp, retrolateral view. B, st, ec and embolus, retrolateral view. C, same, retrolateral view of embolus tip. D, same, retrolateral view of ec. E, rta. F, rta. G, dorsolateral view of prosoma. H, prosomal setae. I, sp. Scale bars = 5 Mm (C, I); 10 Mm (H); 30 Mm (D, E, F); 50 Mm (B); 100 Mm (A, G).

Figure 53. SEM, Leikung porosa (RMNH). A–D, Kerinci, Sumatra, Indonesia. E, F, Bohorok, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A, prosoma, dorsolateral view. B, prosomal pits with sensory setae, lateral view. C, tibia I, lateral view. D, lts details. E, tibia with lts. F, lts details. Scale bars = 10 Mm (B, F); 50 Mm (D); 100 Mm (A); 300 Mm (C, E).

Figure 55. Leikung kinabaluensis (RMNH). A, male palp, ventral view. B, same, retrolateral view. C, left leg I, lateral view. D, prosoma, dorsal view. E, opisthosoma, dorsal view. F, G. East Malaysia, Kimanis road (MHNG). F, epigynum, ventral view. G, male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A, B, F, G); 2.0 mm (C–E).