Salvia

González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Pío-León, Juan Fernando & Castro, Arturo Castro-, 2021, Salvia beltraniorum (Lamiaceae), a new species in savannoid vegetation from Cosalá, Sinaloa, Mexico, Phytotaxa 529 (1), pp. 160-170 : 166-168

Identification key to Salvia species in Sinaloa, Mexico

1. Plants with branched hairs along the stems and/or the leaves............................................................................................................2

1. Plants with simple or glandular hairs or glabrous along the stems and leaves...................................................................................4

2. Calyx 8–10.8 mm long, densely lanose with red-ochre to yellowish or violet branched hairs......................................... S. lasiantha

2. Calyx 3.4–6.4 mm long, glabrous or covered with short whitish hairs..............................................................................................3

3. Leaves oblong-ovate, cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips covered with branched hairs; connective ornate with an anterior obtuse tooth (geniculate) near ventral midpoint; mericarps densely covered with branched hairs ................... S. goldmanii

3. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, base rounded, truncate to short cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips pilose with simple hairs; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth near ventral midpoint; mericarps glabrous........................................ S. palmeri

4. Upper calyx lip 3-veined or with the veins obscure in the upper half portion of the calyx ...............................................................5

4. Upper calyx lip 5 or 7-veined, the veins conspicuous......................................................................................................................21

5. Calyx truncate at apex; stamens long exserted from the upper corolla lip.........................................................................................6

5. Calyx with the lips acute or long caudate; stamens included under the upper corolla lip .................................................................7

6. Calyx 2.7–3.5(–4.8) mm long; corolla magenta to pink, tube 11–13(–18) mm long........................................................ S. iodantha

6. Calyx 1.8–2.3 mm long; corolla whitish, pale pink to pale violet, tube 5–6.2 mm long ....................................... S. trichostephana *

7. Corolla pink to magenta .....................................................................................................................................................................8

7. Corolla light to dark blue or entirely white ......................................................................................................................................10

8. Veins obscure in the anterior half portion of the calyx, lips connivent in fructification, mericarps covered with sessile glands........ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. S. pringlei

8. Veins conspicuous along the calyx, lips not connivent in fructification, mericarps smooth and glabrous ........................................9

9. Calyx (3–)7.5–10.1(–20) × (3.2–) 4.6–8.2 mm; corolla tube (3.1–) 5.4–8.7 mm wide, invaginate near the base, internally ornate with a couple bolds at the invagination near the base; connective 2.5–3 cm long; style (1.6–) 3.6–5 cm long........................ S. mexicana

9. Calyx (4–)5–6.2 × 1.6–2.1 mm; corolla tube 3.6–4.6 mm wide, not invaginated near the base, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base; connective 11.9–15.8 mm long; style 2.4–3 cm long ................................................................... S. purpurea

10. Inflorescence in cylindrical racemes, compact, the flowers and floral bracts hiding the axis; style with a swollen portion at the base as a stylopodium, persistent even in fruit ......................................................................................................................... S. hispanica

10. Inflorescence in lax or moniliform racemes, or if cylindrical and compact in a portion, several basal verticillasters separate along the axis, the latter not totally hidden by the flowers and floral bracts; style without a swollen portion at the base........................11

11. Calyx 7.6–20 mm long; corolla tube 11.6–29.4 mm long................................................................................................................12

11. Calyx (2.3–)3–6.2(–9) mm long; corolla tube 3–8(–9.7) mm long..................................................................................................13

12. Inflorescence 17–30(–50) cm long; floral bracts 5.4–14(–20) × 1.7–9.7 mm; calyx lips not connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins conspicuous in the upper half portion of the calyx; corolla without white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube (3.4–) 5.4–8.7 mm wide, base invaginated, upper lip (6.3–)14.3–22.9 long, lower lip (5.9–) 12.2–18 mm long; mericarps glabrous and smooth........................................................................................................................................................................ S. mexicana

12. Inflorescence 1.6–5(–7.4) cm long; floral bracts (1.7–)3–6 × (0.5–) 0.7–1.5 mm; calyx lips connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins obscure in the upper calyx portion; corolla with white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube 2.4–3.6 mm wide, base not invaginated, upper lip 4.8–6.6 mm long, lower lip (4.6–) 7.7–8.2 mm long; mericarps covered by sessile glands....................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................... S. beltraniorum

13. Upper corolla lip entirely reposing on the lower one and hence hiding the throat; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave....................................................................................................................................................... S. lavanduloides

13. Corolla lips divergent and exposing the throat; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat ...........................................14

14. Calyx lips truncate to subtruncate; corolla tube internally ornate with one or two pairs of papillae near the base; corolla lips subequal in length or the lower shorter than the upper one..............................................................................................................15

14. Calyx lips acute to long caudate; corolla tube internally epapillate near the base; upper corolla lip shorter than the lower one........ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................16

15. Calyx 1.6–3.3(–4.4) mm long; corolla white; mericarps 0.6–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm .................................................................. S. decora

15. Calyx (2.3–)3–4.2(–6) mm long; corolla blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip; mericarps 1–1.1 × 0.6–0.9 mm ................ ....................................................................................................................................................................................... S. polystachya

16. Deciduous floral bracts.....................................................................................................................................................................17

16. Persistent floral bracts ......................................................................................................................................................................19

17. Corolla tube inserted in the calyx, 3–3.5(–5) × 1–1.7 mm, upper lip 1.2–1.6(–2.5) mm long, lower lip 2–3 × 2–2.6 mm; connective 1.5–2.6 mm long; style 4–5 mm long.................................................................................................................................. S. tiliifolia

17. Corolla tube exerted from the calyx, (5–)5.2–7.3(–8) × 2.4–3.2 mm, upper lip (3.3–) 4–5.8 mm long, lower lip (4–)5–7.3(–9.7) × 2.5–3.2 mm; connective 4.4–7.2(–9) mm long; style (7–) 8–11.7 mm long.....................................................................................18

18. Leaf blade base cuneate to long attenuate; floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.6–9.5 × 0.8–2.3(–3.7) mm, apex caudate; mericarps 0.8–1.2 mm long.......................................................................................................................................... S. longispicata

18. Leaf blade base rounded to short cuneate; floral bract triangular, ovate, narrow lanceolate to orbicular, 1.1–2.6(–4.3) × 1–1.4(–2) mm, apex acuminate; mericarps 1.1–1.5 mm long............................................................................................................... S. roscida

19. Leaf margin finely serrate, usually at least with 20 teeth per side; corolla tube (5–)5.6–7(–8) mm long; connective 4.5–7.2 mm long; style (7–) 10–11.2 mm long ......................................................................................................................................... S. roscida

19. Leaf margin coarsely serrate, less than 10 teeth per side; corolla tube 4.1–5.8 mm long; connective 4–5 mm long; style 6.9–8.6 mm long...................................................................................................................................................................................................20

20. Floral axis short pilose; floral bract 1.2–3.3(–6) mm long; calyx 2.7–3(–4) mm wide, upper lip 3-veined; lower corolla lip 6.2–7.4 mm long; growing mainly in tropical deciduous forests, tropical subdeciduous forests and savannoid vegetation............................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ S. languidula

20. Floral axis glabrous except by the base of the verticillasters which is short pilose; floral bract (2.2–) 4.8–8.3 mm long; calyx 1.8–2.7 mm wide, upper lip 3 or 5-veined; lower corolla lip 4.6–5 mm long; growing mainly in oak and pine oak forests .................. S. sp.

21. Calyx and corolla yellow, lower corolla lip incurved-concave ....................................................................................... S. madrensis

21. Calyx green, yellowish-green to bluish or purplish green, corolla white, blue, violet, purple, or red, lower corolla lip patent or reflexed.............................................................................................................................................................................................22

22. Persistent floral bract........................................................................................................................................................................23

22. Deciduous floral bract ......................................................................................................................................................................28

23. Floral bract suborbicular, ovate to reniform, (3.5–)6–17(–25) mm wide.........................................................................................24

23. Floral bract ovate to lanceolate, 0.7–1.9(–4.1) mm wide.................................................................................................................26

24. Floral bract 10–25 × 17–25 mm; pedicel 0–0.8 mm long; calyx 9.5–12 × 3.6–4 mm, upper calyx lip cucullate; corolla tube violet to magenta, the lips dark blue to purple; connective 7–7.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with an oblong antrorse tooth; style 15.5–19 mm long; mericarp 2.7–2.9 × 1.5–1.7 mm ............................................................................................................... S. clinopodioides

24. Floral bract (3.5–)6–12(–15) mm; pedicel 1.4–3.6 mm long; calyx (1.6–)3.5–8.6 × (1.6–) 3.5–4.6 mm, upper calyx lip not cucullate; corolla tube and lips light blue; connective 2–5.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with a retrorse acute or rounded tooth; style (3.6–) 5– 9.1 mm long; mericarp 0.5–2.3 × 0.5–1.4 mm .................................................................................................................................25

25. Annual herb, 0.2–0.7(–1) m tall; leaf blade (1.7–) 3–7 cm long, base rounded, truncate to oblique; pedicel 1.4–1.9 mm long; calyx (1.6–)3.5–4(–5.1) × 1.5–1.9(–2.3) mm; corolla tube 2.5–3(–3.5) 1–2.4 mm, internally epapillate near the base, upper lip 1–1.5(–3) mm long, lower lip (2.6–)3–4(–5) × 2.6–4(–5.8) mm; connective 2–2.4 mm long; style (3.6–) 5–5.5 mm long; mericarp lenticular, 0.5–0.7(–1) mm long, brightly black........................................................................................................................... S. lasiocephala

25. Shrub, 1–2.2(–3) m tall; leaf blade 6–17 cm long, cuneate to long attenuate; pedicel 2.9–3.6 mm long; calyx (7.2–)8–8.6 × 4–4.6 mm; corolla tube 5.5–6.5 3.4–3.7 mm, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base, upper lip 3–4.5(–6) mm long, lower lip (6.5–)7.5–11 × 7.2–11 mm; connective 4.5–5.2 mm long; style 8.3–9.1 mm long; mericarp ovoid, (1.7–) 2.2–2.3 mm long, light brown irregularly marbled with a darker tone.......................................................................................................... S. sanctae-luciae

26. Petiole 23–38 mm long; leaf blade 5.2–8.2 mm long; corolla tube invaginate at the base; connective 4.8–5 mm long, ventrally ornate with an acute retrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat......................................................... S. sp.

26. Petiole (0.7–) 3.7–10 mm long; leaf blade 0.8–4.2(–9.8) cm long; corolla tube straight at the base; connective 1.5–4 mm long, ventrally ornate with an obtuse antrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave ................27

27. Floral axis with glandular-capitate hairs; floral bract 1.2–6.2 × 1–1.9 mm; pedicel 0.8–1.7 mm long; corolla tube 2.4–3.2 × (0.9–) 1.1–1.7 mm, upper lip 1.5–2.1 mm long, lower lip 2.2–3.2 × 1.4–1.8 mm; connective 1.5–2.3 mm long; style 2.4–4.3 mm long .. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. S. misella

27. Floral axis hirsute with simple hairs; floral bract 6.3–8.7(–10) × 2.2–4.1 mm; pedicel 2.1–4 mm long; corolla tube 5.3–5.6 × 3–3.8 mm, upper lip 3.2–3.9 mm long, lower lip 9.1–11.3 × 9.6–11 mm; connective 3.5–4 mm long; style 7–8 mm long......................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... S. monantha

28. Bracteoles present at the base of each pedicel; lower stigmatic branch sigmoid.............................................................................29

28. Bracteoles absent; lower stigmatic branch acute..............................................................................................................................30

29. Petiole (0.5–) 3–6.2 mm long; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; floral bract 1–1.2 mm wide; calyx 2–2.7 mm wide, upper lip 5-veined; mericarp 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 mm .................................................................................................. S. alamosana

29. Petiole (2–) 9.2–23 mm long; leaf blade ovate to rhombic deltoid; floral bract 1.5–3 mm wide; calyx 2.7–3.9 mm wide, upper lip 7-veined; mericarp (1–)1.6–2 × 1.4–1.6 mm .......................................................................................................................... S. crucis

30. Corolla red, pink or magenta, tube (15–)19–40(–44) mm long; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth ..............................31

30. Corolla white, light to dark blue or purple, tube 4.6–10.2 mm long; connective ornate with an antrorse obtuse tooth ..................34

31. Calyx 3.8–6.6 mm long, upper lip 3-dentate; corolla tube 3–5.5 mm wide.....................................................................................32

31. Calyx 8–25(–30) mm long, upper lip entire; corolla tube 5.9–10(–12) mm wide ...........................................................................33

32. Upper calyx lip long caudate, the cauda twice as long as the spiny teeth of the lobes of the lower lip; stamens exserted more than 3 mm from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................................... S. cinnabarina

32. Upper calyx lip spiny dentate, or if caudate, the cauda as long as the spiny teeth of the lower lip lobes; stamens inserted, or less than 2.5 mm exserted from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................. S. elegans

33. Leaf blade (3–)5.3–10.3(–16) cm long; floral bract (0.6–)0.7–2(–2.4) cm long; pedicel 5–10 mm long; calyx (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3) cm long; corolla tube 3.2–4(–4.4) cm long, upper lip 1.6–2.1(–2.5) cm long; connective (1.9–) 2–2.6 cm long; style 4.7–5.9(–6.6) cm long.............................................................................................................................................................................. S. gesneriiflora

33. Leaf blade 1–2.5(–3.8) cm long; floral bract 0.3–0.9 mm long; pedicel 2–4.5 mm long; 0.8–1.6 cm long; corolla tube 1.5–2.1 cm long, upper lip 0.6–1.1 cm long; connective 0.9–1.4 cm long; style 2–2.6(–2.8) cm long.......................................... S. microphylla

34. Style keeping the same width all along, sparsely pilose along both dorsal and ventral lines, patent ..............................................35

34. Style dorsoventrally swollen toward the apex, dorsally covered near the stigmatic branches by a dense tuft of hairs oriented to one side....................................................................................................................................................................................................36

35. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–3.5(–5) cm long; floral bract 3–4(–5) × 1.5–2.5 mm; calyx 5–6 mm long; corolla light blue to slightly pale violet, tube 6–7 × 2–3 mm, upper lip (2.4–)3–4(–4.5) mm long, lower lip 3–6.5 mm long; connective (3.5–)4–5; style 7–7.5 mm long .................................................................................................................................. S. aequidistans

35. Leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (5.5–) 8–10.5 mm long; floral bract 5.3–6.8 × (2.3–) 3.6–4.5 mm; calyx 6.9–8.1 mm long; corolla white, tube 8.5–10.2 × 3.5–4.5 mm, upper lip 5.3–6.2 mm long, lower lip 6.2–8.5(–10) mm; connective 5.8–6 mm long; style 11.2–11.5 mm long.............................................................................................................................................. S. sphacelifolia

36. Perennial herbs or subshrubs (0.7–) 1–2 m tall; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-ovate, basal half portion attenuate; upper calyx lip 5- veined ............................................................................................................................................................................... S. rostellata

36. Perennial herbs 0.4–0.8 m tall; leaf blade rounded, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic to rhombic-ovate, base truncate to cuneate or attenuate; upper calyx lip 7-veined ..............................................................................................................................................37

37. Herb semipostrate or procumbent; petiole 1.8–7.2 mm long; floral axis and calyx densely hirsute with eglandular and glandular hairs, upper calyx lip entire; lower corolla lip 4.9–8.2 mm wide; connective 4–5.6 mm long; mericarp 2.4–2.5 mm long ............... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... S. assurgens

37. Herb erect; petiole (8–) 10–30 mm long; flora axis covered with retrorse hairs, rarely with some erect glandular hairs, calyx sparsely hirsute with eglandular hairs, rarely some glandular, upper calyx lip 3-dentate; lower corolla lip 8–13.8 mm wide; connective 4.7–9 mm long; mericarp 1.4–2.2 mm long ........................................................................................................................... S. prunelloides