Bufo (Duttaphrynus) melanosticus Schneider, 1799

Teynié, Alexandre, David, Patrick & Ohler, Annemarie, 2010, Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo, Zootaxa 2416, pp. 1-43 : 3-4

Bufo (Duttaphrynus) melanosticus Schneider, 1799

Material examined. MNHN 2003.3400 (juvenile; SVL 42.9 mm), Bayur, Province of Sumatera Barat, elev. 480 m. – Specimens observed in Maninjau, Kotobaru, Mukomuko, and Lubuksao, Province of Sumatera Barat.

Taxonomic comments. We use Duttaphrynus as a subgenus of the genus Bufo Laurenti, 1768 following Dubois & Dinesh (2007) which apply Dubois’ genus criteria. To apply a certain level of hierarchy to a cladogram, external criteria should be used, such as temporal criteria used by Bossuyt et al. (2006) to define family level.

Distribution on Sumatra. This species is known from all over Sumatra.

Biology. A common species in disturbed environments (gardens, paddy fields, plantations). Specimens were observed in August and November, at night, with the exception of some juveniles which were active at daytime and sunny weather. This behaviour distinguishes this taxon from the Eurasian Bufo .