Philinopsis, Pease, 1860

Valdés, Ángel, 2008, Deep-sea “ cephalaspidean ” heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the tropical southwest Pacific, Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196, pp. 587-792 : 781-782

Genus PHILINOPSIS Pease, 1860

Philinopsis Pease, 1860: 21 . Type species: Philinopsis speciosa Pease, 1860 [Recent, Indo-Pacific], by subsequent designation of Rudman (1974).

Synonyms:

Acera Cuvier, 1810: 9 . Type species: Acera carnosa Cuvier, 1810 [= Philinopsis depicta (Renier, 1807) ; Recent, Mediterranean], by monotypy (suppressed by ICZN 1977).

Eidothea Risso, 1826: 46 . Type species: Eidothea marmorata Risso, 1826 [= Philinopsis depicta (Renier, 1807) ; Recent, Mediterranean], by monotypy.

DIAGNOSIS. — Shell morphology. Shell internal, calcified apically, with only 1 whorl visible. Columella simple, reduced. Operculum absent.

Anatomy. Cephalic shield simply rounded. Posterior shield with 2 short lobes, flagellum absent. Head with a single pair of sensory processes. Dorsal and ventral labial glands present. Gill simple. Radula and jaws absent. Buccal mass large and muscular. Reproductive system monaulic, with the seminal receptacle entering the genital atrium or more proximally. Mucous gland bilobed. Hermaphrodite duct without a branch connecting to the albumen and mucous glands. Penis unarmed, simple or complex.

REMARKS. — Rudman (1974) regarded Philinopsis as a synonym of Aglaja , based on anatomical examination of members of both genera. Later, Gosliner (1980) maintained Philinopsis as a distinct genus because of the presence of several distinguishing features such as the presence of 2 lobes in the mucous gland of Philinopsis , and the presence of a branch of the hermaphrodite duct connecting to the albumen and membrane gland in Aglaja .

The genera Acera Cuvier, 1810 and Eidothea Risso, 1826 have been included here in the synonymy of Philinopsis because they are based on the type species Acera carnosa Cuvier, 1810 and Eidothea marmorata Risso, 1826 , respectively, both regarded by Rudman (1974) as synonyms of Philinopsis depicta (Renier, 1807) . I continue to use Philinopsis Pease, 1860 instead of Eidothea Risso, 1826 , as the former is in prevailing usage.

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FIG. 102. External morphology

and anatomy of Philinopsis cyanea (Martens, 1879) , specimen from Tonga, BORDAU 2 stn CP 1526;

A, dorsal view of a preserved specimen, scale bar = 1 mm;

B, reproductive system, scale bar

= 1 mm; C, digestive system, scale bar = 1 mm; D, shell, scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; cs, cephalic shield; dc, dorsal crest; dg, digestive gland;

es, oesophagus; esg, external seminal groove; gl, gill; m, mouth area; mg, mucous gland; p, penis; pa, parapodium; ph, pharynx; pn, penial sac; pr, prostate; ps, posterior shield; rm, retractor muscle; sr, seminal receptacle.