Crumenaria erecta Reissek

Tortosa, Roberto D., Bartoli, Adriana & Cusato, Leonor, 2013, The genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae), Candollea 68 (2), pp. 267-277 : 269-270

2. Crumenaria erecta Reissek in Endl., Nov. Stirp. Dec.: 28. 1839

( Fig. 1 , 4).

Lectotypus (designated here): BRAZIL. Minas Geráis: Rio J. Pohl s.n. ( BR [ BR0000005296026 ] digital image!; iso-: BR [ BR0000005295937 ] digital image!).

= Crumenaria choretroides Reissek in Mart., Fl. Bras. 11(1): 114. 1861.

Lectotypus (designated here): BRAZIL. Minas Geráis: Serro do Frio , Martius s.n. ( M [ M01470 84 ] digital image!) (synonymized by SUESSENGUTH, 1939).

= Crumenaria polygaloides Reissek in Mart., Fl. Bras. 11(1): 113. 1861.

Lectotypus (designated here): Brazil: no date, Sellow s.n. ( US, [ US00094533 ] digital image!) syn. nov.

= Crumenaria polygaloides var. lancifolia Chodat in Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 3: 542. 1903. Ξ Crumenaria polygaloides f. lancifolia (Chodat) Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 165. 1915. Ξ Crumenaria polygaloides var. glabrescens Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 165. 1915 [nom. illeg.].

Typus: PARAGUAY. Cordillera: in valle fluminis Y-acá in campis pr. Valenzuela, I.1900, Hassler 6937 (holo-: G [ G00228941 ]!) (synonymized by TORTOSA, 2008).

= Crumenaria choretroides var. hirtella Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 165. 1915.

Typus: Amambay: Sierra de Amambay in campis arenosis Esperanza , IX.1907 -1908, Hassler & Rojas 10637 (holo-: G [ G002 28939 ]!) (synonymized by TORTOSA, 2008).

Perennial, almost leafless herb, 30-, with a ligneous rhizome, ca. diam. Stems erect, terete and striate, or subangled, 0.1- diam., much ramified at the base, glaber or with short hairs. Leaves scale-like or linear-elliptic, lesser than long, with stipules linear, briefly petiolate, blade 1-3-nerved, margin entire, glaber or with long sparce hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal, ramified, each branch 2-, ending in a 2-14 flowered umbel. Flowers white, with pedicels 3-, glaber or scarcely pubescent; receptacle glaber or loosely hirsute; floral tube campanulate, 2- long, glaber; sepals 0.7- long; petals ca. long; stamens with filaments long and anthers long; style long, divided at the apex. Fruit 6- long × 5.5- broad, reticulate, glaber.

Iconography. – REISSEK (1861): tab. 41 and Figure 4 .

Distribution and habitat. – Crumenaria erecta has been collected in the south of Brazil and east of Paraguay ( TORTOSA, 2008; de LIMA, 2010; CUSATO & TORTOSA, 2013), at elevations from 500 to 1300 m.

Phenology. – Crumenaria erecta flowers from August to May.

Etymology. – The specific epithet of C. erecta is taken from its erect habit.

Discussion. – The priority of C. erecta and the treatment of some Paraguayan taxa by HASSLER (1915) are discussed by TORTOSA & al. (2013). Crumenaria erecta differs from the other species of the genus by its almost leafless habit. Some specimens of this species show fasciation in the stems; C. choretroides was based on two of such gatherings (see also Glaziou 20850, Hassler 10637, Irwin 7944, and Weddell s.n.).

We choose as lectoype of C. erecta one of the specimens at BR, which matches the protologue, and for C. choretroides the syntype from Serro de Frio at M which is representative of this taxon. In the case of C. polygaloides , the type specimen at B (negative at F [barcode] F0 BN005862 digital image!) was destroyed during World War II, so we choose as lectotype the isotype at US.

REISSEK (1861) differentiated C. erecta , C. choretroides , and C. polygaloides by the pubescence (glaber or pubescent) and the section (terete, compresed, or fasciated) of stems, the size of leaves, and the number of flowers of the inflorescences, all characters variable within this taxon.

Additional specimens examined. – BRAZIL: s.l., Glaziou 20850, [sub nom. Crumenaria angulata URBAN ( C, photo NY!). Brazil Central, no date, Weddell s.n. ( NY). Distrito Federal: Margem de estrada, terra entre Escola Fazendária e Paranoá, 26.VIII.1980, Heringer & al. 5358 ( NY); Brasilia, Hôrto do Guará , 10.V.1960, Heringer 8641/835 ( NY); Brasilia ( Torre de Microondas-Sul ), 25.IX.1980, Heringer 17912 ( NY); Brasilia, Trevo de Unaí , 14.X.1980, Heringer & Salles 17931 ( NY); Chapada da Contagem. 4.IX.1965, Irwin & al. 7944 ( NY); limit Parque do Gama and Goiás, 15.X.1963, Maguire & al. 57079 ( NY); Fazenda Agua Limpa , University of Brasilia, field station , near Vargem Bonita c. SSW of Brasilia, TV tower, 1.XI.1978, Ratter & al. R.4238 ( NY). Goiás: Mun. Alto Paraíso, 26.IX.1995, Fonseca & Neto 572 ( BAA). Rio San Francisco , Garder 3422 ( BR [ 5295609 ]!; K [ 531971 ]!); Mun. Cristalina, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros , 14.VIII.1980, Hatschbach 43105 ( CTES); Luziânia, rodovia para Brasilia, 6.X.1980, Heringer 17891 ( NY); ca. E of Caiapônia on road to Jataí, serra do Caiapó , 18.X.1964, Irwin & Soderstrom 6985 ( NY). Mato Grosso: R10 , c. SW of Base Camp , 20.IX.1968, Harley & Souza 10171 ( NY); ca. N of Xavantina, 9.X.1964, Irwin & Soderstrom 6702 ( NY); Chapada Guimaraes , vicinity big waterfall Veu das Noivas , 24.IX.1988, Kral & al. 75058 ( NY); Mato Grosso, July 1892, Kuntze s.n. ( NY); Serra da Saudade, camp beyond Alto Araguaia, Brasilia-Acre Highway , 26.VIII.1963, Maguire & al. 56349 ( NY); just above Veu da Noiva , 16.X.1963, Prance & al. 19069 ( NY); campo at S end of R11, Base Camp Square , 6.VIII.1968, Richards 6606 ( NY). Mato Grosso do Sul: Mun. Ponta Pora, by the bridge on the R. Santa Maria , 25.X.1986, Pedersen 14734 ( CTES). Minas Geráis: Paraopeba, 25.XI.1965, Goodland 202 ( NY); Serra do Espinhaço, ca. N.E. of Francisco Sá, on road to Salinas, 10.II.1969, Irwin & al. 23024 ( NY); Gouveia, Fazenda do Sr. Everaldo , estrada para o Garimpo, 11.IX.1986, de Menezes & al. SPF44 792 ( NY); Diamantina, Barão, upper slopes Serra de Capão , 21.V.1931, Mexia 5877 ( NY, PH); Uberaba, 28.X.1848, Regnell III.383 ( NY); Mun. Ituintal, 16.X.1949, Smith s.n. ( NY); Lagoa Santa, s.d., Warming s.n. ( NY). Paraná: parque Vila Velha , 27.X.1989, Cervi & Hatschbach 2926 ( NY); Rio Tibagi , 5.XI.1964, Dombrowski 833 ( CTES); 11.X.1976, Dombrowski 6320 ( CTES); Desvío Ribas , 29.XI.1910, Dusén 10866 ( NY, PH, SI); Mun. Senges, Serra do Mocambo , 19.IX.1975, Hatschbach 37224 ( CTES, NY); Ponta Grossa, Villa Velha , 3.XI.1928, Hoehne 23349 ( CTES, SI, NY); 9.VIII.1962, Moreira 302 ( CTES); Palmeira, Recanto dos Papagaios , 28.X.1996, Ribas & da Luz 1569 ( NY). São Paulo: Itapetininga, NE da Vila Alabert em linha reta, km 145 da estrada Sã o Paulo-Itapetininga (S. P. 4), 2.X.1959, de Campos 73 ( NY); Moji-Guaçu, Campos das Sete Lagôas , fazenda Campininha , just N of rio Moji-Guaçu , NNE of Padua Sales , about NW of city of Moji-Mirim , 22.IX.1969, Eiten & Eiten 2370 ( NY); NNE of Padua Sales, about NW of city of Moji-Mirim, 22.IX.1960, Eiten & Eiten 2374 ( NY); Moji-Guaçu, fazenda Campininha , 3.X.1977, Jung-Mendacolli & al. 65 ( NY).

PARAGUAY: see CUSATO & TORTOSA (2013).

Figures

Fig. 1. – Geographic distribution of Crumenaria decumbens Mart. () (South American specimens); C. erecta Reissek (); C. glaziovii Urb. (*); C. lilloi Suess. ().

Fig. 4. – Crumenaria erecta Reissek. A. Habit; B. Fruit; C. Flower. [Hassler 10637a, G] [Drawn by María Eugenia Gallegos]