Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano

Fraiture, André & Vanderweyen, Arthur, 2020, Species of Puccinia Pers. nom. sanct. (rust fungi) on Bambusoideae in Belgium and in Europe, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2), pp. 9-20 : 17-18

3. Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano

( Figs 1D ; 2F, G ; 3I )

Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano , Bulletin of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University 8 (1): 38 (1908). — Dicaeoma phyllostachydis (Kusano) Syd., Annales Mycologici 20 (3/4): 118 (1922).

Anamorph:

Uredo phyllostachydis Pardo-Cardona, Revista Facultad nacional de Agronomía Medellín 52 (2): 768 (1999).

Misapplied:

Puccinia melanocephala ss. auct. plur. (southeastern United States).

LECTOTYPE. — Designated by Cummins (1971: 125).

DISTRIBUTION. — Puccinia phyllostachydis is mostly known from Japan ( Hiratsuka 1958; Hiratsuka et al. 1992; Ito 1909; Kusano 1908; Morimoto 1973). It has also been observed in China ( Tai 1979; Teng 1996; Wang & Zhuang 1998; Zhuang 2005), Taiwan ( Hiratsuka & Chen 1991), India ( Boa 1985), United States: South (Cummins 1962; McCain et al. 1990; repeatedly mentioned under the wrong name P. melanocephala ) and Hawaii ( Gardner & Hodges 1989), Costa Rica ( Berndt 2004), Colombia (Pardo-Cardona 1999; Salazar-Yepes & Buriticá 2002), Switzerland ( Brodtbeck 2011; Senn-Irlet et al. 2016; Beenken & Senn-Irlet 2016) and Belgium (this study). The mention from Germany ( Kruse et al. 2018) is a misidentification and corresponds rather to P. deutziae , comb. nov., as J.Kruse (comm. pers.) has confirmed to us.

The only European country in which P. phyllostachydis has been reported is Switzerland. Fourteen observations have been made, all of them by T. Brodtbeck or L. Beenken, on Phyllostachys sp. in the canton Ticino ( Switzerland), at an altitude of 240-570 m: Curio, Pura and Morcote in 2007, Caslano and Melano in 2009, Gordola in 2010, Vira in 2011, Tegna in 2012, Aurigeno and Lamone in 2013, Cresciano in 2014, Locarno and Lugano in 2015 (Senn-Irlet et al. 2016).

The species is new for the Belgian mycoflora (our specimens):

– Brussels (Ixelles), Parc Tenbosch, 05.VI.2018 and 11.VII.2018; – Braine-l’Alleud, Golf Club des 7 Fontaines, 21.II.2019;

– Brussels (Auderghem), 28.II.2019.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Belgium, Brussels (Ixelles), Parc Tenbosch, 05. VI.2018. On the underside of the leaves of Phyllostachys nuda , Specimens A. Fraiture 3743 ( BR) and A. Vanderweyen F 1093 (KR-M-0006374). – Ibid., 11.VII.2018. On Phyllostachys nuda . Specimen A. Fraiture 3749 ( BR). – Belgium, Braine-l’Alleud, Golf Club des 7 Fontaines, 21.II.2019. On the underside of the leaves of Phyllostachys sp. Specimen A. Fraiture 3761 ( BR). – Belgium, Auderghem, 28.II.2019. On the underside of the leaves of Phyllostachys cf. nuda . Specimen A. Vanderweyen F 1108 ( BR).

DESCRIPTION

Aecia

Not seen.

Uredinia

Hypophyllous, 0.2-1.0 mm × 0.2-0.4, cinnamon, each sore producing on the upper surface of the leaf a small round to elongate spot, 0.2-1.0 × 0.2-0.4 mm, which is dark brown with a yellowish to orange border.

Urediniospores

(26-)28-31.6-36(-43) × (19)21-25.1-29(-30) µm, Q = 1.11- 1.29-1.52, subglobose, obovoid or ellipsoid, with a pale brownish wall 2.0-2.5(3.0) µm thick looking two layered, provided with acute spines 0.5-1.0 µm long and with 4-5 approximately equatorial germ-pores.

Paraphyses

Hyaline, capitate, with head (13-)21-24(-27) µm wide and a 2.03.5(-5.0) µm thick wall; pedicel with a septum within 20(-30) µm from the head.

Telia

Hypophyllous, similar to the uredinia but darker, erumpent or starting their development in the center of uredinia, producing on the upper surface of the leaf small dark brown to blackish rectangular spot, 0.1-0.5 mm long, extending between two venules.

Teliospores

(32-)38-42.2-48(-53) × (16.0)18-20.4-24 µm, Q = (1.58-)- 1.74-2.05-2.56(-2.68) [we saw one much elongated spore: 54 × 19 µm], 2-celled, brownish, with a rounded top and a finely punctate (1.5-)2.0(-3.0) µm thick wall, inserted on an up to 130 µm long and 3-6 µm wide pedicel which is hyaline and very thick walled(1.0-1.5 µm). Rare mesospores also present (M. Scholler, comm. pers.).

Basidiospores

Not seen.

Host plants

Phyllostachys nuda McClure.

Culms not caespitose, up to 3 m high, green with prominent blackish nodes, surmounting a whitish pruinose 1 cm high zone on the culm, internodes grooved on one side, 1-2 branch-complements on the nodes. Leaf-blades (5-)6-14 × 0.8-1.4 cm, glabrous on both sides or the underside slightly pubescent, with five pairs of secondary veins.

Phyllostachys sp.

Culms not caespitose, up to 3 m high, green, Sheath-scars with two prominent ridges, internodes grooved on one side, 1-2 branch-complements on the nodes. Leaf-blades 8-14 × 0.7-1.4 cm, glabrous on both sides, with five pairs of secondary veins.

Hyperparasitic fungus and mycophagous insect

On two of our specimens of Puccinia phyllostachydis we observed numerous pycnidia of Sphaerellopsis filum . On one specimen, we saw larvae of Mycodiplosis sp. feeding on the uredinia (see more information about these two species in the notes under P. deutziae , comb. nov.).

Figures

FIG. 1. — Puccinia longicornis Pat. & Har.:A, teleutosores in February (AF 3760);B, teleutosores in May (covered with a layer of basidia and basidiospores) with an erumpent uredosore (AF 3739).– Puccinia deutziae (Dietel) Fraiture & Vanderweyen,comb.nov.(AF 3738):C, teleutosore and uredosore – Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano (AF 3761); D, teleutosore growing from the centre of an uredosore. – Puccinia deutziae (AF 3738): E, uredosores parasitized by Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) Sutton (pycnidia and cirrhi); F, basidium with a basidiospore; G, conidia of Sphaerellopsis filum. Scale bars: A-E, 500 µm; F, 20 µm; G, 10 µm.

FIG. 2. — Puccinia deutziae (Dietel) Fraiture & Vanderweyen, comb. nov. (AF 3738): A, teleutospores; B, basidiospores. – Puccinia longicornis Pat. & Har. (AF 3739): C, basidiospores; D, teleutospores; E, paraphyses. – Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano: F, teleutospores (AF 3743); G, paraphyses (AF 3749). Scale bars: B, C, 10 µm; A, D-G, 20 µm.

FIG. 3. — SEM pictures.Puccinia deutziae (Dietel) Fraiture & Vanderweyen,comb.nov.(AF 3738):A-C, teleutospores;E-F, uredospores;K, teleutosore surrounded by uredospores. – Puccinia longicornis Pat. & Har. (AF 3739): D, ornamentation of an uredospore; G-H, uredospores; J, uredosore with a fragment of epidermis. – Puccinia phyllostachydis Kusano (AF 3743): I, uredospore. Scale bars: A-C, E-I, 10 µm; D, 1 µm; J, K, 100 µm.