Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828

Breure, Abraham S. H. & Borrero, Francisco J., 2008, An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species, Zootaxa 1768, pp. 1-40 : 5-7

Genus Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828

Subgenus Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) Guilding, 1828

Type species: Voluta aurissileni Born, 1780 . Distribution: West Indies ( St. Vincent, Barbados), Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia.

1. Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) cardinalis (Pfeiffer, 1853)

Type locality: Quito. Lectotype ZMB 112721 (designated and figured by Köhler 2007).

Distribution:? Napo (Pilsbry 1899: 77) ; Pastaza, Mera ( FLMNH 109841; FMNH 86698, 125478); Pichincha, near Mindo, circa 1000 m (Weyrauch 1967: 460); Nanegal; valley of Río Pilatón (both according to Pilsbry 1899: 77). “New Grenada ” ( RMNH). “ Ecuador ” ( ZMA).

Remarks: New Grenada was used in the 19th century and is referring to an area comprising Ecuador, Colombia and parts of Venezuela and Panama.

2. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) aristaceus (Crosse, 1869)

Type locality: Quito, reipublicae Aequatoris.

Distribution: Chimborazo, Bucay ( IRSN); Cotopaxi, Páramo de Sigchos ( IRSN); Pichincha, near Mindo ( FMNH 216871)*; Río Pilatón ( IRSN). “New Grenada ” ( ZMB).

Remarks: These are the first precise localities for this species.

3. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) aureonitens ( Miller, 1878)

Type locality: Pilatón valley, 1000 m.

Distribution: Pichincha, Río Pilatón. “ Ecuador ” ( ANSP 78577). Remarks: This species may prove to be a synonym of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) taylorianus (Reeve, 1849) .

4. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) corydon (Crosse, 1869) Type locality: Quito.

Distribution:? [no specific locality known].

5. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) doliarius (Da Costa, 1898)

Type locality: Paramba. Lectotype BMNH 1907.11.21.110 ( Breure 1979; see also Neubert & Janssen 2004: 208, who figure a paralectotype ( SMF 9513) in Pl. 1 Fig. 1 ).

Distribution: Carchi, Hacienda Paramba ( BMNH, IRSN, SMF).

Remarks: As this species is also recorded from Colombia, the locality is most likely in Carchi, which is also the only province where Paramba is attributed to in the GNS-gazetteer.

6. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) eros (Angas, 1878)

Type locality: Ecuador. Holotype BMNH 1879.1.21.2. Distribution:? [no specific locality known].

7. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) floccosus (Spix, 1827)

Type locality: Brazil. Holotype ZSM ( Simone 2006: 149).

Distribution: Morona-Santiago, Cusuimi ( FMNH 170620); Río Macuma, ca. 10 km from Río Morona ( FMNH 187606)*; Napo , Río Napo , 500 m ( SMF 156306; see Weyrauch 1967: 462); Tungurahua, Topo ( FMNH 86667); 0.7 km W Río Negro ( RMNH)*. “ Ecuador ” ( RMNH).

Remarks: This is a broad ranged species that is also known from Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. Weyrauch (1967: 462) placed Helix pentadina d’Orbigny, 1835 in the synonymy of this species.

8. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jimenezi (Hidalgo, 1872)

Type locality: San José (according to Weyrauch 1967: 463 this is located 50 km E Baeza; it is most probably San José de Suno [00° 32' 00" S 077° 25' 00" W], also known as San José Viejo). Plekocheilus (Eurytus) gibbonius (Hidalgo, 1872) , described from the same locality, is a synonym according to Pilsbry (1895: 87). Distribution: Orellana, San José de Suno. “Oriente Prov.” ( FMNH 72336).

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jimenezi oligostylus Pilsbry, 1939

Type locality: [ Ecuador, between Baeza and Archidona, Nachiyacu, see Clench & Turner 1962: 109]. Holotype: ANSP 170696.

Distribution: Napo , Nachiyacu; Sarayacu (see Weyrauch 1967: 463); valley of Río Quijos ( FMNH 216872); Pastaza, Puyo ( FLMNH 109855; FMNH 42168, 126934); Mera ( FLMNH 184702).

9. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) lynciculus (Deville & Hupé, 1850)

Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Sarayacu.

Distribution: Napo , Nachiyacu ( ANSP 170694: Holotype of the synonym Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jacksoni Pilsbry, 1939 ; according to Weyrauch 1967: 463); Orellana, Loreto, 550 m [ SMF 156302; see Weyrauch 1967: 463]; Pastaza, Chichirota ( FMNH 78742).

10. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) mcgintyi ‘Pilsbry’ H.B. Baker, 1963

Type locality: Rio Napo , northeastern boundary of Ecuador. Holotype ANSP 227455. Distribution: Napo , Río Jatunyacu [= Río Napo ] ( ANSP).

11. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) nocturnus Pilsbry, 1939

Type locality: Ecuador, Puyo. Holotype ANSP 170695. Distribution: Pastaza, Puyo ( FMNH 86644).

12. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) phoebus (Pfeiffer, 1863)

Type locality: Ecuador. Lectotype BMNH 1975143 ( Breure 1979). Distribution:? [no specific locality known].

13. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) pulicarius (Reeve, 1848)

Type locality: New Grenada. Lectotype BMNH 1975281 (designated and figured by Breure 1978: 15, Pl. 11 Fig. 6).

Distribution:? [no specific Ecuadorian locality known; the species is better known in Colombia]. “ Ecuador ” ( FMNH 202082). “New Grenada ” ( BMNH 1975282/2 paralectotypes).

14. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) roseolabrum (E.A. Smith, 1877)

Type locality: Malacatos. Lectotype BMNH 1975135 ( Breure 1978).

Distribution: Loja, Malacatos ( BMNH 1877.3.28.2/1 paralectotype); Zamora-Chinchipe, Tapichalaca* (B. Harris, personal communication and photograph).

Remarks: This is the first record and precise locality after the original description in 1877.

15. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) taylorianus (Reeve, 1849)

Type locality: Environs of Quito. Lectotype BMNH 1874.12.11.271 (Here corrected for BMNH 1975142 as given by Breure 1978). Pilsbry (1895) placed Eurytus taylorioides Miller, 1878 in the synonymy of this species; its type locality is: “circa Quito, Chimborazo”.

Distribution: Pastaza, Mera ( FMNH 202059); Pichincha, Milpe ( FLMNH 166225); Mindo, near Rio Blanco ( FLMNH 166226); Nanegal ( EPN); Pacto ( EPN); Pintag ( EPN); Gualea ( FMNH 61138, 31173). “ Ecuador ” ( CMC C11056, C11057; FMNH 100722; RMNH; ZMA).

Remarks: Köhler (2007) gives a figure of a paralectotype ( ZMB 112722).

16. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) tricolor (Pfeiffer, 1853)

Type locality: New Grenada, Gualea. According to Pilsbry (1901: 131) Bulimus semipictus Hidalgo, 1869 is a junior synonym is, for which the type locality is Baeza.

Distribution: Cotopaxi, Sigchos ( FMNH 70912); Imbabura, Ibarra ( FMNH 70911); Napo , Baeza; Orellana, Ávila ( FMNH 31171); Pichincha, Gualea. “ Ecuador ” ( RMNH).

Subgenus Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) Weyrauch, 1967

Type species: Bulimus veranyi Pfeiffer, 1848 . Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia.

17. Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) tenuissimus (Weyrauch, 1967)

Type locality: 20 km W Quito, Tandayapa, 2500 m. Holotype IML 3364. Distribution: Pichincha, Tandayapa* ( IML); near Nanegal ( RMNH)*.

Plekocheilus sp.

Distribution: El Oro, 13.1 km WNW Pinas ( FLMNH 36133)*; Napo , Archidona ( FMNH 31133), labelled as P. blainvilleanus loveni (Pfeiffer) , which is a Venezuelan species; Pichincha, 15 km NE Las Palmas, Río Faisanes ( FLMNH 22917)*; 14.3 km NE La Palma, Río Faisanes ( FLMNH 26611)*.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Maps of Ecuador. A. Altitudinal map. B. Ecoregions of Ecuador according to National Geographic Society (2008). NT 0115: Chocó-Darién moist forests; NT 0121: Eastern Cordillera real montane forests; NT 0142: Napo moist forests; NT 0145: Northwestern Andean montane forests; NT 0178: Western Ecuador moist forests; NT 0214: Ecuadorian dry forests; NT 0232: Tumbes-Piura dry forests; NT 0905: Guayaquil flooded grasslands; NT 1004: Cordillera Central páramo; NT 1006: Northern Andean páramo; NT 1405: Belizean Coast mangroves. C. Localities of endemic, rangerestricted species; see text for further explanation.