Jaliscoa grandis (Burks) Burks, 2013

Gibson, Gary A. P., 2013, Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Zootaxa 3612 (1), pp. 1-85 : 31-34

Jaliscoa grandis (Burks) n. comb.

Figs 73–84

Description. FEMALE (habitus: Figs 73, 74 ). Length = 2.8– 6 mm. Head. Face ( Fig. 77 ) with clypeus more or less uniformly, longitudinally, finely striate, the striae or at least fine, oblique, coriaceous-alutaceous sculpture extending at least half distance to eye and then meshlike coriaceous or only very shallowly coriaceous-reticulate adjacent to eye and parascrobal region vertically striate-alutaceous, though scrobal depression meshlike reticulate and supraclypeal region meshlike reticulate to partly coriaceous ( Fig. 78 ); malar space with ( Fig. 78 ) or without a malar sulcus, but 0.35–0.44× eye height ( Fig. 77 ) and 0.53–0.65× eye width. Antenna ( Figs 74 , 79 ) with scape, pedicel and sometimes anelli yellow to yellowish-orange, but flagellum usually dark brown or rarely orangeyyellow.

Mesosoma. Tegula yellow. Pronotum usually with quite distinct carina or raised ridge differentiating collar from neck ( Fig. 82 : arrow), and margin abruptly incised laterally so as to be almost right-angled emarginate ( Fig. 81 : arrow). Mesopectus ( Fig. 82 ) with short, horizontal ridge or at least abrupt angulation at level of base of mesocoxa, but carinate anterior margin of femoral depression not continuous ventrally anterior to mesocoxa and setal line extending close to anterior angle of mesocoxa. Fore wing ( Fig. 80 ) with 0–5 setae within costal cell ventroapically; disc at least with elongate band of setae proximal to stigma and usually more distinctly and extensively setose except for broad speculum extending to base of stigmal vein; admarginal area with 12–26 setae arranged in 1 or usually 2 rows; marginal fringe usually complete, though often with very short or sometimes absent setae apically; smv: mv: pmv: stv about 4.0–5.3: 2.7–3.8: 2.0–2.4: 1.0. Legs ( Fig. 74 ) beyond coxae light coloured, the femora yellowish-orange to orange and tibiae and tarsi more yellowish-white to white. Propodeum ( Figs 83, 84 ) with callus uniformly convex, without oblique carina lateral of spiracle; without plical carina, even posteriorly within nuchal furrow; plical region usually with distinct, transverse angulation evenly recurved anteromesally from basal plical depression so as to delineate strongly transverse, depressed anterior panel, the median region intersected by median carina that extends to nucha, and medially at most as long as posterior panel and at least slightly shorter than nucha.

Metasoma. Gaster ( Figs 73, 74 ) typically not contrasting conspicuously in color with mesosoma, variably dark brown to almost black with metallic lustres dorsobasally on Gt1 and basolaterally on other terga, though extremely rarely mostly orangey-brown with limited metallic lustre laterally; lanceolate, length about 2.5–3.8× as long as wide and at most Gt2 and Gt3 with posterior margins distinctly emarginate and sulcate over at most apical half; syntergum at least as long as wide, usually conspicuously longer, at least apical half setose; cercus conical but short, not distinctly digitiform.

MALE (habitus: Figs 75, 76 ). Similar to female except legs usually more uniformly yellowish-white beyond coxae ( Fig. 76 ), gaster with large, subbasal, yellowish region ( Fig. 75 ), and fore wing always extensively setose except for oblique speculum extending to base of stigmal vein.

Material examined. NEARCTIC. USA. Mississippi: Oktibbeha Co., Starkville, 1.5 mi. SW, 9.VIII.67, 20.VIII.67, W.H.C. & W.L. McGovern, em. infested cotton squares (3Ƥ MEMS). Texas: Brazos Co., TAMU lab. cult., 5.VIII.77, J.R. Cate (40Ƥ, 513 TAMU). College Station—XII.82, in culture, J.R. Cate (5Ƥ, 23 TAMU); TAMU Biol. Cont., IX.88, ex Anthonomus grandis in lab culture (25Ƥ, 193 TAMU, CNC Photo 2011–105, 152).

NEOTROPICAL. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, ca. 60 km N, Hwy ZF 2, km 19.5, 02º30'S 60º15'W, 18.VIII.79, Adis, Erwin & Montgomery, terra firme, canopy fogging (1Ƥ USNM). Minas Gerais: Carmo do Rio Claro Janerio, 78, Carvalho & Schaffner (1Ƥ TAMU). São Paulo: Campinas— 16.V.38, H.F.G. Sauer, par. curculionid (2Ƥ USNM); Faz., Mogi Guacu, 1-8.I.70, JM & BA Campbell (1Ƥ CNC, Photo 2011-153). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, nr Abangares, 9.I.64, W.H.C., em. pupa found in boll weevil cell in cultivated cotton (13 MEMS). San José, 30.I.64, A. Matarrita, ex A, grandis (2Ƥ CSCA, 2Ƥ USNM). EL SALVADOR. Quezaltepeque— 500m, 19.VI.63, D.Q. Cavagnaro & M.E. Irwin (13 CASC); 23.VIII.76, Jose R. Quezada, ex A. grandis (23 MEMS). GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz, Lanquin, 22.II.65, W.H. Cross, em. 12.III.65 from Gossypium barbadense (13 MEMS). MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Punta Pescadero, 14.8 mi. S, W.H. Cross, 4.XI.65, em. 22.XI.65 ex Gossypium davidsoni (10Ƥ, 33 MEMS). Campeche: Escarcega-Xpujil, 11-15.XI.90, J.R. Cate & R. Jones, ex Hampea trilobata (3Ƥ TAMU). Xpujil, 10 km W, Chincanna, 12-14.VII.83, M. Kaulbars (2Ƥ CNC). Chiapas: Municipio Cintalapa, 5 mi. N Nuevo Tenochilan, 29.IV.90, R.W. Jones, D. Baro (1Ƥ TAMU). Guerrero: S. Zacacoyuca, km 179 on Hwy 95, 18.I.67, W.H. Cross, em. from boll weevil infested cultivated cotton (20Ƥ, 213 MEMS; 1Ƥ, 13 USNM). Morelos: Zacatapec, INIA Station, 17.XII.71, Jesus Cabral M., cultivated cotton (23 MEMS; 1Ƥ USNM). Nayarit: San Blas, 24-26.IV.61, Howden & Martin (1Ƥ CNC). Quinta Roo: Chetumal, 68 km SW, Kuhunlich, 160m, 14-17.VII.83, M. Kaulbars (1Ƥ CNC). Sinaloa: Guasave, 1.VIII.96 (5Ƥ, 53 USNM), 20.V.96 (4Ƥ, 83 USNM), 7.VIII.96 (4Ƥ, 43 USNM, CNC Photo 2011-169), T. Chavez-Chavez. Sonora: Caborca, W.H. Cross— 2 mi. E, 20.I.63, dead in boll weevil cell in cotton boll (2Ƥ MEMS); 4.5 mi. W, 20.I.63, pupa from boll weevil cell in cotton boll, em. 30.I.63 (2Ƥ, 23 MEMS). Los Chirriones, 18.XI.69, 10.XII.69, W.H. Cross, ex cultivated cotton (16Ƥ, 123 MEMS). Magdalena, W.H. Cross, cultivated cotton—km 2299 on Hwy, 31.10.65 (17Ƥ, 23 MEMS; 2Ƥ, 13 USNM), km 2296.7 on Hwy 15, 17.XI.69 (33Ƥ, 283 MEMS). Rockefeller Res. Center, 20.IV.59, ex Anthonomus (1Ƥ USNM). Santa Ana, 31.X.65, W.H. Cross, ex cotton with weevils (2Ƥ, 13 MEMS). Veracruz: W.H. Cross—VII.79, ex A. grandis (3Ƥ, 23 USNM, CNC Photo 2011-12, 68. 151); 3.5 mi. SE Martinez de la Torre on Misantla Road, 27.X.67, ex boll weevil infested buds of Hampea sp. (11Ƥ, 73 MEMS; 1Ƥ, 13 USNM). Jct Hwy 127&105, 13.VI.83, M. Kaulbars (1Ƥ CNC). Yucatan: Celestun— 24.IV.84 (2Ƥ TAMU), 12.12.83 (2Ƥ TAMU), R.W. Fisher, on Gossypium hir .; 19.XII.81, D.W. Williams, cotton square (2Ƥ TAMU). Yucatan, lab-reared, III.84, R. Fisher, ex Anthonomus spp. on Hampea spp. (3Ƥ, 33 USNM). Zacatecas: Tabasco, IX, X.81, P. Stanley, ex Anth. grandis (18Ƥ, 203 BMNH). NICARAGUA. Chinandega, 16.I.53, Horvilleur, ex A. grandis (13 paratype USNM). Comalapa, 1.XII.76, W.H. Cross, ex Gossypium hirsutum (33 MEMS). Jinotega, VII.89, T. Reinboldt (1Ƥ CNC, Photo 2011-150). La Calera, 13.V.65, 25.V.65, R. Bodan, larva enpacha de algodon, adulto (1Ƥ USNM). Managua, 24.III.52 (1Ƥ paratype USNM, CNC Photo 2011-6; 13 allotype USNM), I.44 (1Ƥ USNM), 2.V.44, A. Hurtado, ex A. grandis Boh. (holotype, 6Ƥ paratypes and 2Ƥ USNM). V. [Volcan] Mombacho, VIII.89, F. Reinboldt, ex cotton boll weevil (1Ƥ CNC, Photo 2011-27). PARAGUAY. Molinascue, X.39, F. Schade (1Ƥ USNM). VENEZUELA. Aragua—Parque Nac. H. Pittier, La Trilla, 200m, 11-14.IV.94, L. Masner (1Ƥ CNC); Rancho Grande, 12.V.1979, G. Gordh (2Ƥ UCRC).

Distribution. Map 3. Noyes (2012) listed J. grandis from Arizona, Mississippi, New Mexico and Texas in USA, but presence of a sustaining population in North America north of Mexico is not proven. Burks (1979) stated that J. grandis was introduced into Arizona and Texas, but I was unable to find any original literature or specimens that support an Arizona release. It was introduced into Texas (Cate et al. 1990) as well as Mississippi (Johnson et al. 1973) and Alabama (Morales-Ramos et al. 1994) for biocontrol of the boll weevil, but apparently did not overwinter in these areas and has not been recovered subsequently (Morales-Ramos and Cate 1992). Finally, the record for New Mexico is based on a laboratory experiment testing the residual effects of pesticides (Pierce et al. 2002). The three specimens examined from Mississippi represent voucher specimens from the field trials of Johnson et al. (1973), whereas the specimens examined from Texas were laboratory cultured. The latter two sites are included in the distribution map because specimens were at least released. Cross and Mitchell (1969) previously compared the then known distributions of J. grandis and J. hunteri .

MAP 3. Distribution of Jaliscoa grandis (Burks) .

Biology. Jaliscoa grandis is a primary parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman , and A. hunteri Burke & Cate (Cate et al. 1990, Morales-Ramos [no date]), and augmentative releases have successfully reduced boll weevil populations (see references in Morales-Ramos et al. 2000). It is also able to parasitize other curculionids and bruchids in the laboratory, including Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Rojas et al. 1998) , Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman (Rojas et al. 1998) , Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Ramalho & Dias 2003) and the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Ramalho & Dias 2003) . Material examined resulted in no new host records, but three new plant associates— Malvaceae : Gossypium barbadense L., Gossypium davidsoni Kellogg , and Hampea trilobata Standley.

Discussion. Females of J. grandis are most similar to those of the hunteri -complex, but usually are readily differentiated by a combination of three features—pronotal collar usually quite obviously ridged anteriorly ( Fig. 82 : arrow) rather than rounded into collum anteriorly, but at least with an abrupt, almost right-angled indentation laterally ( Fig. 81 : arrow) rather than more smoothly, sinuately emarginate laterally ( Fig. 90 ); legs comparatively light coloured with femora at most orange ( Fig. 74 ) rather than femora and often tibiae partly brown ( Fig. 91 ); and propodeum without any indication of plical carinae ( Figs 83, 84 ) rather than usually with at least some indication of a plical carinae ( Figs 95, 96 , 109 ). Most females of J. hunteri from America north of Mexico have the fore wing extensively glabrous behind the marginal and stigmal veins ( Fig. 94 ), whereas J. grandis females typically have more extensively setose fore wings ( Fig. 80 ), though setal pattern is highly variable in females of both species. Males of both species always have extensively setose fore wings. Jaliscoa grandis is the only species that is variable in presence ( Fig. 78 ) or absence of a malar sulcus. Other species lack a malar sulcus except for J. bouceki .

Figures

FIGURES 73 – 78. Jaliscoa grandis. 73, Ƥ habitus, dorsal (6); 74, Ƥ habitus, lateral (150); 75, 3 habitus, dorsal (151); 76, 3 habitus, lateral; 77, Ƥ head, frontal (6); 78, Ƥ lower face, frontolateral (169). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.

FIGURES 79 – 84. Jaliscoa grandis Ƥ. 79, antennae (6); 80, fore wing (27) [insert: admarginal setae]; 81, pro- and mesonotum, dorsal (27) [arrow points to pronotal emargination]; 82, mesosoma, lateral (12) [arrow points to pronotal ridge]; 83, propodeum, posterior (6); 84, propodeum, posterolateral (105: SEM). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.

FIGURES 85 – 90. Jaliscoa hunteri. 85, Ƥ head and antenna, frontal (7); 86, 3 head and antennae, frontal (157); 87, Ƥ clypeus and mandibles, frontal (7); 88, Ƥ lower face, frontolateral (158); 89, Ƥ habitus, dorsal (9); 90, Ƥ pro- and mesonotum, dorsal (28). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.

FIGURES 91 – 96. Jaliscoa hunteri Ƥ. 91, habitus, lateral (8); 92, meso- and metapleuron (8); 93, fore wing (38); 94, fore wing (87); 95, propodeum, posterior (9); 96, propodeum, posterolateral (9: SEM). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.

FIGURES 105 – 110. Jaliscoa vulgaris Ƥ. 105 and 106, Ƥ paratype (BMNH) (174): 105, head and antenna, frontolateral; 106, habitus, lateral. 107 – 110, Ƥ lectotype: 107, head, lateral; 108, habitus, dorsal; 109, propodeum, posterior [arrow points to plical carina within nuchal furrow]; 110, fore wing. No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.