Eumenes punctatus

Yoon, Tae Joong & Kim, Jeong-Kyu, 2014, Taxonomy of Eumenes punctatus- complex (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Korea with DNA barcoding and key to Far Eastern species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802, Zootaxa 3893 (2), pp. 232-242 : 235-236

Eumenes punctatus de Saussure, 1852

Eumenes punctatus de Saussure, 1852: 37, ♀, ♂, China: no specific locality [British Museum of Natural History]; Giordani Soika 1941: 132 (in key), 142–143 ( China: Jiangsu, Guangdong, Jiangxi: Jiujiang: Kuling, Fujian: Fuzhou, Beijing; Japan: Tsushima Is.); Giordani Soika 1976b: 293 (N Korea: Prov. South Pyongan: Chang-lyong san, Lyong-ak san; N Korea: Kaesong: Mts. Pakyon); Sk. Yamane 1977: 61 (Korean Peninsula: “Genzan” (Weonsan?), Seoul, Pyeongyang, “Tokuriji”; China: Hebei: Chengteh, “Kupehkow” (Gubeikou near Beijing?)); Giordani Soika 1982: 41 (N Korea: Prov. Pyong-sung: Bek-sung-li: Za-mo san; Prov. Gang-von: On-dzong: Kum-gang san: Mandzang-tae); Sk. Yamane 1990: 150–152 ( Japan: Tsushima Is.; Korea: no specific locality); Kurzenko 1995: 321 (key, Primorskiy Terr., Japan, Korea); Kim & Yoon 1996: 201; Kim & Sk. Yamane 2001: 143 (key), 151–152 (Russian Far East: Primorskiy Terr., the Korean Peninsula: Hambuk, Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeju).

Eumenes architectus Smith : Yasumatsu 1936: 10–12 ( China: Hebei: Chengde), corrected by Giordani Soika 1941: 142; Kim, 1970: Pl. 50 Fig. 620, 547 (diagnosis, S Korea: Mt. Gayasan); Kim 1980: pl. xv HYEU02, 104 (diagnosis, S Korea: Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Jeju).

Eumenes coronatus (Panzer) : Kim & Yoon 1996: 201.

Eumenes asioboreus Kim & Sk. Yamane, 2001: 143 (key), 152–153, ♀, Korea: Gyeongsangbukdo: Gyeongsan-si: Campus of Yeungnam Univ. [Insect Collection of Hanseo University], syn. nov.

Eumenes formosensis nigrior Giordani Soika 1973: 126 –127, ♂, China: Szechuan: Suifu [United State National Museum], synonymized by Kim & Sk. Yamane 2001: 151.

Eumenes nigrior Giordani Soika 1982: 41 (new status, N Korea: Prov. Gang-von: On-dzong: Kum-gang san).

Eumenes punctatus nigrior: Giordani Soika 1986: 158 –159 ( China: Kiangsu: Shanghai): Kim & Yoon 1996: 201.

We also evidenced that the specific validity of Eumenes rubronotatus especially related to E. punctatus that is very similar to the former in external features. They are genetically distinct (Cl. II of Fig. 1 ), and every pair of genetic divergence is more than 7% ( Tab. 2 ).

As far as known localities, E. rubrofemoratus and E. coarctatus are allopatric. The former is distributed in lower latitudinal China, Korea and Japan, while the latter in higher latitudinal transpaleartic from Europe to Russian Far East ( Vecht 1968; Kurzenko 1995; Kim & Sk. Yamane 2001). Kim and Sk. Yamane (2001) regarded them as separated species, but Kurzenko (1995) did the former as the subspecies of the latter. According to our molecular comparison herein which included one haplotype of European E. coarctatus and two of E. rubrofemoratus , it is now more supportive that the two species are valid allopatric species as in Kim & Sk. Yamane (2001). Their genetic divergence was comparatively low (2.19%), but two clades were clearly divided (Clades IV and V in Fig. 1 ). They are genetically distinct, but closely related and are likely to be recently diverged species other than sympatric species in the Far East.

A key to Far Eastern species of the genus Eumenes reflecting results herein as follow. This key is largely based on Kim & Sk. Yamane (2001), and illustrations for characteristics are available therein.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree of Eumenes individuals based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences. Cl: Clade.