Anyphaena tonoi, Rivera-Quiroz & Álvarez-Padilla, 2023

Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés & Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, 2023, Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico, European Journal of Taxonomy 865, pp. 1-94 : 73-77

Anyphaena tonoi sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6FF6A9C-010D-41A0-8283-2538027BCBD5

Figs 45–47 , 52

Differential diagnosis

Females of A. tonoi sp. nov. can be differentiated from those of all described species of Anyphaena of the pacifica and pectorosa groups by the opposing L-shaped copulatory ducts, and the adjacent genital openings being inside a small longitudinal rectangular atrium ( Figs 46E–F , 47G–C ). Central genital openings are also present in females of A. jimenezi sp. nov., but the latter species differs by the moustacheshaped copulatory ducts. Males can be differentiated by the presence of the following features: distal edge of median apophysis with two transparent lamellae and a sclerotized central hook ( Figs 46D , 47D ), middle section of ventral tegular projection broad, retrolateral border with a transparent cuticular edge, distal section shaped as a folded lamella. RTA anterior branch rectangular, long and straight, posterior branch lamella-shaped with a middle notch ( Fig. 47C–D ), and coxal ventral surfaces smooth ( Figs 45E– F , 46A–D , 47A–F ). Ventral tegular projection with broad middle sections and translucent retrolateral edges are also found in males of A. zorynae ( Durán-Barrón et al. 2016: figs 5–6), A. quadricornuta Kraus, 1955 ( Kraus 1955: figs 108–109), A. stigma sp. nov. ( Fig. 50E ), A. miniducta sp. nov. ( Fig. 32A ) and A. bermudensis ( Sierwald 1988: fig. 1), these latter two species without the lateral edge. A median apophysis with transparent lamella are present in A. pectorosa , A. fraterna , A. lacka Platnick, 1974 and A. alachua ( Platnick 1974: figs 51–58). Similar RTA are present in A. scopulata F. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 (Pickard-Cambridge F. 1900: pl. 7 fig. 17), A. simplex O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (Pickard-Cambridge O. 1896: pl. 23 figs 1–2) and A. stigma sp. nov. ( Fig. 50F ).

Etymology

The species epithet is dedicated to Marcial Antonio Galán-Sánchez, Mexican arachnologist, and current member of the second author’s lab.

Material examined

Holotype MEXICO • ♀; Veracruz, Calcahualco, Xamaticpac , Plot II; 19.12614° N, 97.06708° W; alt. 1700 m; 2–11 Oct. 2013; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT; CNAN-T01540 .

Allotype MEXICO • ♂;same collection data as for holotype; CRP;AR_020;GenBank: ON619669 ; CNAN-T01519 . Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; 4–17 Feb. 2014; LUP; AR_019; GenBank: ON619668 CNAN-T01575 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; AR_013; GenBank: ON619660 ; CNAN-T01576 .

Additional material

MEXICO • 1 ♀; Veracruz, Calcahualco, Xamaticpac , Plot I; 19.14172° N, 97.20597° W; alt. 1710 m; 2–11 Oct. 2013; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT; AR_012; GenBank: ON619659 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM045 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4–17 Feb. 2014; BEAT; AR_016; GenBank: ON619670 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Xamaticpac , Plot II; 19.12614° N, 97.06708° W; alt. 1700 m; 19–27 Apr. 2013; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM044 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4–17 Feb. 2014; BEAT.

Description

Female

Total length 5.1. Carapace yellow, pattern with darker longitudinal bands over cephalic, thoracic areas and clypeus, lateral edges yellow ( Fig. 45A, D ). Sternum surface light yellow, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium light brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites white, rectangular, slightly broader at tip ( Fig. 45C ). Chelicerae yellow, slightly darker than carapace, paturon dorsum with a diffuse dark pattern ( Fig. 45B, D ), promargin with four teeth, retromargin with eight or nine denticles. Abdomen white, hirsute, dorsal surface with scattered brown patches, center with white chevrons and marks, lateral and ventral surfaces with same pattern but faded ventrally, tracheal spiracle closer to epigastric furrow ( Fig. 45A–C ). Epigynum atrium small, rectangular, longer than wide. Anterior lateral sides delineated by two anterior shallow pits ( Fig. 46E–F ). Copulatory openings contiguous, inside anterior edges of atrium. Copulatory ducts coiled over and around spermathecae, entering spermathecae on lateral surface. Seminal receptacles not visible or inconspicuous. Fertilization ducts short, emerging from lateral surfaces below copulatory duct entrance ( Figs 46E–F , 47G–H ). Cephalothorax length 2.29, thoracic width 1.8, cephalic width 0.97. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.09, PME– PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.1. Femur lengths: I 2.2, II 1.95, III 1.61, IV 2.2. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-0-2, r0-0-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2.

Male

Total length 5.6. Cephalothorax and abdomen coloration as in female. Chelicerae paturon pattern darker ( Fig. 45E ). Embolus filiform and translucent. Prolateral apophysis of palpal tibia present ( Figs 46B–C , 47C ). Pedipalp tibia longer than wide. Ventral branch of median tibial apophysis present ( Figs 46A–D , 47A–D ). Cephalothorax length 2.78, thoracic width 2.15, cephalic width 1.03. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.04, AME– ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.07, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.1. Femur lengths: I 3.61, II 2.68, III 1.95, IV 2.93. Leg spination as in female except: femur II p0-0-2. Tibia III p0-1-1.

Variation

Females (N =8): total length 5.29 (± 0.46), cephalothorax length 2.29 (±0.25), thoracic width 1.73 (± 0.12), cephalic width 0.94 (± 0.07), femur I 2.09 (±0.21). Males (N= 2): total length 5.55 (± 0.07), cephalothorax length 2.71 (±0.1), thoracic width 2.12 (±0.03), cephalic width 1.0 (± 0.05), femur I 3.46 (± 0.21).

Distribution

This species is found in oak and tropical wet forest fragments around Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park ( Fig. 52 ).

Natural history

Most specimens were collected over vegetation by beating tray and direct searching. This species is present year-round.

Figures

Fig.45.Anyphaenatonoisp.nov.A–D. Paratype, ♀(CNAN-T01576).E–F.Paratype,♂(CNAN-T01575). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus.C. Ventral habitus.D. Prosoma, anterior view.E. Prosoma, anterior view. F. Prosoma, oblique view. Scale bars: A–C= 1.0 mm; D–F =0.5 mm.

Fig.46.Anyphaenatonoisp.nov.A–D. Paratype, ♂(CNAN-T01575).E–F.Paratype,♀(CNAN-T01576). A. Pedipalp, ventral view.B. Pedipalp, prolateral view.C. Pedipalp, dorsal view.D. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 47. Anyphaena tonoi sp. nov. A–F. Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01575). G–H. Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01576). A. Pedipalp, ventral view. B. Pedipalp, prolateral view. C. Pedipalp, dorsal view. D. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E. Coxae, ventral view. F. Coxae, lateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. H. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, G–H =0.2 mm; E–F =1.0 mm.

Fig. 52. Localities for the species of Anyphaena. Black square=Atotonilco Plots I and II, separated by 400 m, nine species registered: A. bifurcata sp. nov., A. bromelicola Platnick, 1977 (ON619634- 38 Supp. file 1), A. catalina Platnick, 1974 (ON619673-75), A. dulceae sp. nov., A. epicardia sp. nov., A. fernandae sp. nov., A. porta sp. nov., A. salgueiroi sp. nov. and A. sofiae sp. nov. White square=Xamaticpac Plots I and II, plots contiguous, eleven species registered: A. adnani sp. nov., A. alachua Platnick, 1974 (ON619665), A. fraterna (Banks, 1896) (ON619671), A. megamedia sp. nov., A. miniducta sp. nov., A. natachae sp. nov., A. porta sp. nov., A. quadrata sp. nov., A. rebecae sp. nov., A. stigma sp. nov. and A. tonoi sp. nov. Black circle =Xilitla, four species registered: A. franciscoi sp. nov., A. ibarrai sp. nov., A. noctua sp. nov. and A. triangularis sp. nov. White circle =Los Tuxtlas, two species registered: A. jimenezi sp. nov. and A. urieli sp. nov.

Fig. 50. Anyphaena stigma sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01574). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Ventral habitus. D. Prosoma, anterior view. E. Pedipalp, ventral view. F. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C=1.0 mm; D =0.5 mm; E–F =0.2 mm.

Fig. 32. Anyphaena miniducta sp. nov. A–D. Allotype, ♂ (CNAN-T01515). E–F. Paratypes, ♀♀ (CNAN-T01560, CNAN-T01561). A. Pedipalp, ventral view. B. Pedipalp, prolateral view. C. Pedipalp, dorsal view. D. Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.