PULMONATA, BASOMMATOPHORAN

Dayrat, B. & Tillier, S., 2002, Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 135 (4), pp. 403-470 : 459-460

PULMONATA, BASOMMATOPHORAN TAXA

Otina Gray, 1847 (Pelseneer, 1911; Morton, 1955b; Duncan, 1975; Berry, 1977; Geraerts & Joose, 1984; Robertson, 1985). (1) The shell is considered here as heterostrophic (Pelseneer, 1911; Morton, 1955b; Robertson, 1985). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {PlSb-Ab-SpPl} (Pelseneer, 1901).

Carychium O.F. Müller, 1774 (Morton, 1955a, c, d). (1) Heterostrophy is considered as present here (Doll & Sander, 1985; Harbeck, 1996). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {Pl-Sb-Ab-Sp-Pl} (Pelseneer, 1901; Bargmann, 1930; Lever, 1958b). (57) The shell gland (Morton, 1955a, c, d) is homologous with the albumen gland.

Pythia Röding, 1798 (Plate, 1897; Harry, 1951; Morton, 1955a, c; Berry et al., 1967; Berry, 1977; Hubendick, 1978; Geraerts & Joosse, 1984). (1) The shell is considered here as heterostrophic (Harbeck, 1996).

Melampus Montfort, 1810 (Koslowsky, 1933; Meyer, 1955; Morton, 1955a; Knipper & Meyer, 1956; Marcus & Marcus, 1965b; Apley, 1970; Russell-Hunter et al., 1972). (25) The PMO is considered here as absent (Russell-Hunter et al., 1972). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {PlSbAbSpPl} (Meyer, 1955; Van Mol, 1967). (59) The posterior mucous gland (Apley, 1970) is homologous with the capsule gland, because the eggs are embedded in the capsular membrane.

Ellobium Röding, 1798 (Pelseneer, 1894, 1901; Odhner, 1925; Morton, 1955a, c; Knipper & Meyer, 1956; Marcus & Marcus, 1965b; Berry et al. 1967; Hubendick, 1978). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {Pl-Sb-Ab-Sp-Pl} (Pelseneer, 1901; Marcus & Marcus, 1965b).

Gadinia Gray, 1824 (Pelseneer, 1901; Schumann, 1911; Dieuzeide, 1935; Hubendick, 1946, 1978; Yonge, 1958; Van Mol, 1967; Haven, 1973; Berry, 1977; Harbeck, 1996). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {Pl-(SbAb)-(SpPl)} (Schumann, 1911; Van Mol, 1967).

Siphonaria G.B. Sowerby, 1824 (Pelseneer, 1894, 1901; Dieuzeide, 1935; Abe, 1940; Hubendick, 1943, 1945a, 1946, 1947a, b, 1978; Yonge, 1952; Marcus & Marcus, 1960a; Berry, 1977; Mapstone, 1978). (12) The pallial cavity opens through a pneumostome (also called ‘orifice respiratoire’ by Dieuzeide, 1935), which is not retractile as in other pulmonates. (18) The gill is either homologized with the plicatidium (Dieuzeide, 1935; Marcus & Marcus, 1960a) or not (Yonge, 1952). (25) A PMO is considered here as absent (Dieuzeide, 1935). (43–51) here we accept the topology of the visceral loop as {(Pl-(SbAb)Sp-Pl)} (Hubendick, 1978); Marcus & Marcus (1960a) proposed the topology {(PlPa)-(SbAb)-(SpPa)-Pl} but arbitrarily called the right visceral ganglion a ‘parieto-supraintestinal ganglion’ using Haeckel’s terminology (1911). (66) The epiphallus gland probably secretes spermatophores (Hubendick, 1947a, b).

Amphibola Schumacher, 1817 (Bouvier, 1892; Pelseneer, 1894; Farnie, 1919, 1924; Hubendick, 1945b, 1978; Van Mol, 1967; Berry, 1977; Pilkington & Pilkington, 1982; Geraerts & Joose, 1984; Little et al., 1985). (1) The shell is considered here as heterostrophic (Little et al., 1985). (25) The larval kidney is red-pigmented (Little et al., 1985) and homologous with the PMO. (43–51) Here we accept the topology of the visceral loop as {(Pl-Sb-Ab-Sp-Pl)} (Hubendick, 1945b). (62) The flagellum (Hubendick, 1945b, 1978) is considered as homologous with the prostate (Farnie, 1919; Berry, 1977).

Chilina Gray, 1828 (Pelseneer, 1894; Plate, 1894; Haeckel, 1911; Harry, 1964; Régondaud, 1973; Hubendick, 1978; Brace, 1983; Ituarte, 1997). (1) The shell is considered here as heterostrophic (Régondaud, 1973). (16) Pallial caecum and ciliated ridges (homologized here with the raphes) are considered here as present (Harry, 1964; Brace, 1983; Robertson, 1985). (25) A PMO is considered here as absent (Régondaud, 1973). (43–51) Many topologies of the visceral loop have been proposed, in distinct species: {PlSb- Uncalled-Ab-Sp-Pl} (Pelseneer, 1894), {PlPa-Sb-Ab- Sp-Pl} (Pelseneer, 1901), {Pl-Pa(=Sb)-Ab-Pa(=Sp)-Pl} (Harry, 1964), {Pl-Sb-Ab-Sp-Pl} (Hubendick, 1978). (66) Spermatophores are either present or absent (Harry, 1964).

Physa Draparnaud, 1801 (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1872; Fol, 1879; Pelseneer, 1901; Bondesen, 1950; Duncan, 1958, 1975; Van Mol, 1967). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {PlSpAbSbPl} (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1872; Fol, 1879; Pelseneer, 1901).

Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799 (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1872; Fol, 1879; Schnabel, 1903; Crabb, 1927; Hoffmann, 1932–39; Carriker, 1943, 1947; Hubendick, 1945c, d, 1951; Carriker & Bistad, 1946; Fraser, 1946; Holm, 1946; MacCraw, 1957; Itagaki, 1959; Demian, 1962; Joose & Reitz, 1969; Walter, 1969; Régondaud et al., 1974; Brisson & Besse, 1975; Brisson & Régondaud, 1977; Swiderski, 1990). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {PlSbAbSpPl} (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1872; Fol, 1879; Carriker, 1947; MacCraw, 1957; Walter, 1969); we do not accept here the pulmonate terminology (one left and one right parietal ganglia instead of one suboesophageal and one supraoesophageal) that has been used by every author (except Lacaze-Duthiers who introduced his own terminology). (59–60) The posterior mucous gland (Duncan, 1960b) is homologized here with the membrane gland because of its secretion.

Acroloxus Beck, 1837 (Bondesen, 1950; Lever, 1958a, b; Lever et al., 1959; Hubendick, 1962, 1978; Brisson, 1964; Van Mol, 1967). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {(PlSp)Ab(SbPl)} (Hubendick, 1978). We reject his other assumption {(PlPa)Ab(PaPl)} (Hubendick, 1962) because of an erroneous terminology of ganglia.

Ancylus O.F. Müller, 1774 (Sharp, 1883; Lacaze- Duthiers, 1899; Bondesen, 1950; Lever, 1958a, b; Lever et al., 1959; Duncan, 1960b; Van Mol, 1967). (43–51) We code the visceral loop as {Pl(SbAb)(SpPl)} (Lever, 1958a, b; Lever et al., 1959; Van Mol, 1967).